the new zealand institute for plant & food research limited 1. the updated irm rotation strategy...

The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited

1. The updated IRM rotation strategy for DBM2. Status of insecticide resistance in DBM3. Issues with IPM for vegetable (heading) brassicas4. Issues with IPM for head lettuce

Presented by: Graham Walker

(Plant & Food Research, Auckland)


IPM programme for vegetable brassicas

To ‘Advance IPM’ , we need to:1. Monitor the status of insecticide resistance in DBM 2. Incorporate NEW insecticides into the IRM rotation strategy

2000 version2009 version (‘Ute guide’ & CD ROM)


IRM Rotation Strategy for DBM (2001)(Walker et al. 2004: 80% uptake)

Early Window

September –late January

Late Window

February- August

Apply insecticides only in response to scouting thresholds

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt1)

spinosad (Success™ Naturalyte™)

indoxacarb (Steward®)

? ?

synthetic pyrethroids

organophosphates

pirimicarb, pymetrozine (aphids)


Resistance ratios for lambda-cyhalothrin & methamidophos(compared with susceptible laboratory colony, Walker et al. 2011)

• Resistance to synthetic pyrethroids is very high and increasing.

• Resistance to methamidophos has decreased.

lambda cyhalothrin methamidophos

Collected Region Population LC50 95% CI RR g LC50 95% CI RR g

2004 Sth Auckland Puni† 0.002 0.000 – 0.009 40.1 0.59 0.048 0.03 – 0.08 2.12* 0.08

2004 Sth Auckland Tuakau 0.032 0.019 – 0.053 367 0.08 –

2004 Gisborne Makauri 0.003 0.002 – 0.005 76.0 0.14 –

2004 Wellington Carterton 0.003 0.002 – 0.006 41.2 0.12 0.027 0.02 – 0.05 0.88 0.17

2004 Canterbury Lincoln 0.002 0.00 – 0.008 52.8 0.42 0.041 0.03 – 0.06 1.33 0.06

2005 Wellington Levin 0.002 0.001 – 0.004 36.4 0.08 0.035 0.02 – 0.05 0.98 0.09

2006 Sth Auckland Tuakau – 0.108 0.08 – 0.14 1.73* 0.05

2006 Pukekohe Pukekawa 0.092 0.053 – 0.161 885 0.06 0.232 0.18 – 0.30 3.85 0.06

2006 Sth Auckland Pukekohe RS‡ 0.058 0.034 – 0.100 594 0.06 0.075 0.06 – 0.10 1.23 0.07

2006 Gisborne Makauri – 0.047 0.03 – 0.07 1.12 0.09

2008 Canterbury Chertsey 0.006 0.004 – 0.009 144 0.04 0.042 0.03 – 0.06 1.29 0.04

2008 Canterbury Southbridge 0.011 0.006 – 0.018 79.2 0.09 0.038 0.03 – 0.05 1.19 0.04


Resistance ratios for spinosad & indoxacarb(compared with susceptible laboratory colony, Walker et al. 2011)

• No resistance in DBM (10x)• May be some tolerance to indoxacarb?

spinosad indoxacarb

Collected Region Popul ation LC50 95% CI RR g LC50 95% CI RR g

2001 Sth Auckland Puni 0.10 0.08 – 0.11 1.21 0.03 1.76 1.30 – 2.37 4.83 0.05

2001 Sth Auckland Tuakau 0.30 0.22 – 0.40 1.95 0.07 0.91 0.62 – 1.34 2.36 0.09

2001 Gisborne Makauri 0.14 0.11 – 0.18 1.41 0.07 0.36 0.23 – 0.58 2.25 0.05

2004 Pukekohe Puni 0.08 0.04 – 0.15 1.09 0.33 1.15 0.83 – 1.59 5.91 0.06

2004 Sth Auckland Tuakau – 0.18 0.09 – 0.34 0.75 0.09

2004 Gisborne Makauri – 6.56 2.78 – 15.5 2.39 0.13

2004 Wellington Carterton 0.29 0.20 – 0.41 1.82* 0.10 0.25 0.14 - 0.43 1.13 0.06

2004 Canterbury Lincoln 0.32 0.23 – 0.44 2.01** 0.09 0.09 0.05 - 0.18 0.39* 0.08

2005 Wellington Levin 0.10 0.08 – 0.12 1.22 0.07 0.38 0.20 – 0.72 1.03 0.17

2006 Sth Auckland Tuakau – 0.16 0.04 – 0.74 0.59 0.23

2006 Sth Auckland Pukekawa 0.25 0.19 – 0.33 1.75** 0.05 4.82 2.74 – 8.50 4.76*** 0.05

2006 Sth Auckland Pukekohe RS 0.22 0.16 – 0.29 1.51* 0.05 4.55 2.50 – 8.25 4.48** 0.05

2006 Gisborne Makauri 0.18 0.12 – 0.26 1.02 0.12 –

2008 Canterbury Chertsey 0.14 0.10 – 0.19 0.88 0.10 14.82 4.10 – 53.59 8.08 0.29

2008 Canterbury Southbridge 0.12 0.08 – 0.18 0.74 0.15 4.37 1.48 – 12.94 2.39 0.23


Why was the DBM IRM strategy updated?

1. Updated information on the resistance of DBM in New Zealand

2. Pre-transplant drenches became available

3. Overseas, DBM has quickly become resistant to NEW insecticides Including the NEW ‘diamides’ (IRAC group 28)

• We need to ensure ‘diamides’ are not used all year round: Diamides registered in New Zealand as a foliar spray and a drench:

Coragen® (chlorantraniliprole) Durivo™ = chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam (a neonicitinoid)

MAIN PROBLEM: how to fit ‘pre-transplant drenches’ into an IRM strategy that previously included only foliar sprays?


DBM IRM rotation strategy (updated March 2012)

INSECTICIDE USE WINDOWS:

Sep.-Nov. Dec.-Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun.-Aug.

DIAMIDE/NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDES

Transplant drench chlorantraniliprole + thiamethoxam (DurivoTM)

OR: imidacloprid (Confidor®)

Foliar spray chlorantraniliprole (Coragen®)

OTHER INSECTICIDE GROUPS

Apply insecticides only in response to scouting thresholds

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)

indoxacarb (Steward®) spinosad (Success® Naturalyte®)

fipronil (Ascend®)

synthetic pyrethroids

organophosphates

pymetrozine (Chess®) (for aphids only)

pirimicarb (for aphids only)


Summary of updated IRM strategy

1. “Window” approach is for regional coordination avoid exposure of consecutive generations to the same MoA

2. neonicitinoid drenches have also been put in a “window” to minimise aphid resistance Aphicides (pymetrozine & pirimicarb) also separated

3. spinosad and indoxacarb have been transposed for later use of spinosad for control of thrips

4. synthetic pyrethroids in the late window (not effective on DBM)

5. organophosphates not placed in a specific window: as a ‘break group’ from other MoA groups for establishment pests and clean-up at harvest

All growers need to conform to this IRM strategy:

= “ROTATE different MoA insecticides”


Status of insecticide resistance in DBM

• Assays undertaken this year using different doses of each product comparing mortality of field

populations with susceptible laboratory strain

• Populations collected from Pukekohe RS, Levin and Lincoln• Tested all populations against Karate Zeon®• Also some testing against Coragen® and Steward®

RESULTS:• Very high resistance to Karate® Zeon in all regions• No resistance to Coragen at Pukekohe• No resistance to Steward at Levin

CONCLUSION:• Synthetic pyrethroids are not effective against DBM


SUMMARY: Update on IPM for heading brassicas

• No resistance in DBM to ‘new’ insecticides• IRM strategy is more complicated? Is it okay?• We need to protect the diamides (IPM compatible)

Chlorantraniliprole (Coragen and Durivo) Cyantraniliprole (Exirel in forage brassicas)

Other issues:• Phase-out of organophosphates (OPs):

= a challenge (fewer MoAs, issues with control of secondary pests)• BUT also an opportunity to ADVANCE IPM• At least: scout crops and ROTATE different MoAs!!• Also:• Establishment of GWB in New Zealand will probably lead to an

increase in use of foliar larvicides


Update on IPM for head lettuce

Main insect pests are still:1. Onion thrips (after onions are harvested)

2. Soybean looper and Helicoverpa late season?» Helicoverpa is dangerous (1 medium-sized larva can destroy a head)

3. Aphids?

Issues:• Over-dependence on drenches

neonicitinoids for aphids, Durivo on leafy greens?

• Care needed to protect the neonicitinoids and the diamides from insecticide resistance = use IPM!1. Monitor (scout) crops

2. Minimise insecticides

3. ROTATE different MoA insecticides

4. Use selective insecticides early

» Insect predators can control all small insects


Acknowledgements

• Vegetables NZ• Vegetable growers• Various MPI SFF projects: nos. 04/055, 07/017, 08/050• Various researchers and collaborators


www.plantandfood.com

Thank you!

DBM IRM strategy: “flyer” to vegetable brassica growersAlso in: New Zealand Grower Vol. 67 (6): 56-59

the new zealand institute for plant & food research limited 1. the updated irm rotation strategy...

Documents

new zealand institute

resistance of dbm

new insecticides

dbm irm strategy

updated irm rotation

dbm assays

auckland slide

uptake slide