The New ImperialismThe New Imperialism1869-19141869-1914Chapter 27Chapter 27

The New Imperialism: Motives The New Imperialism: Motives and Methodsand Methods

IntroductionIntroduction

The New ImperialismThe New Imperialism– Territorial conquest for reorganization of world Territorial conquest for reorganization of world

economyeconomy– Food and raw materialsFood and raw materials

AfricaAfrica– DirectDirect

Latin AmericaLatin America– indirectindirect

Political MotivesPolitical Motives

National PrestigeNational Prestige

Colonial Agents took initiativeColonial Agents took initiative

Cultural MotivesCultural Motives

Missionary workMissionary work– Other people believed that Europeans and Other people believed that Europeans and

Americans were superior Americans were superior

Young men wanted adventureYoung men wanted adventure– Popular causePopular cause– Extension of nationalismExtension of nationalism

Economic MotivesEconomic Motives

IndustrializationIndustrialization– Demand for goods: minerals, crops, and Demand for goods: minerals, crops, and

stimulantsstimulants

EntrepreneursEntrepreneurs– Invest in: plantations, railroads, mines in Invest in: plantations, railroads, mines in

Africa, Asia, and Latin AmericaAfrica, Asia, and Latin America– Diplomatic supportDiplomatic support

The Tools of the Imperialists The Tools of the Imperialists (Technology)(Technology)

Industrial revolution made it possible for Industrial revolution made it possible for Europeans and Americans to build the “New Europeans and Americans to build the “New Imperialism”Imperialism”– SteamshipsSteamships– Suez CanalSuez Canal– Submarine cablesSubmarine cables– QuinineQuinine

AfricaAfrica

– Machine guns, breechloader, smokeless powderMachine guns, breechloader, smokeless powder

Colonial Agents and Colonial Agents and AdministrationAdministration

Colonialism is the system of administering and Colonialism is the system of administering and exploiting colonies for the benefit of the home exploiting colonies for the benefit of the home countrycountry– Direct or indirect (protectorate)Direct or indirect (protectorate)– Colonial administrationColonial administration

Indigenous elitesIndigenous elites

Youths trained for modern jobsYouths trained for modern jobs

Women were not involved in imperialism. When Women were not involved in imperialism. When women came to colonies, racial segregation women came to colonies, racial segregation increased. Why?increased. Why?

The Scramble for AfricaThe Scramble for Africa

EgyptEgyptEgyptian khedives carried out expensive Egyptian khedives carried out expensive modernization projects.modernization projects.– High interests loansHigh interests loans– French and British occupy Egypt for ___ years French and British occupy Egypt for ___ years

to secure loans. to secure loans.– Economic development benefited Economic development benefited

only elite landownersonly elite landowners– Western v. IslamWestern v. Islam

Western and Equatorial AfricaWestern and Equatorial Africa

King Leopold II of BelgiumKing Leopold II of Belgium– CongoCongo

FranceFrance– Northern bankNorthern bank

Berlin Conference 1885-86Berlin Conference 1885-86– Met with resistanceMet with resistance

West AfricaWest Africa– Trade networksTrade networks

Equatorial AfricaEquatorial Africa– Cash cropsCash crops

Southern AfricaSouthern Africa

Why was it attractive to European settlers?Why was it attractive to European settlers?

English defeated the Zulu and XhosaEnglish defeated the Zulu and Xhosa

Cecil Rhodes used his British South Africa Cecil Rhodes used his British South Africa Company to take over land in central Company to take over land in central AfricaAfrica– RhodesiaRhodesia

British control was consolidated when they British control was consolidated when they defeated the Afrikaners in South African defeated the Afrikaners in South African War (1899-1902). War (1899-1902).

In 1910 the Europeans settlers created the In 1910 the Europeans settlers created the Union of South Africa, the Afrikaners Union of South Africa, the Afrikaners controlled the government and established controlled the government and established a system of segregation (apartheid) until a system of segregation (apartheid) until the mid 90s. the mid 90s.

Political and Social Political and Social ConsequencesConsequences

Some Africans welcomed EuropeansSome Africans welcomed Europeans

Some, like Ethiopia resisted 1896Some, like Ethiopia resisted 1896– Menelik IIMenelik II

Colonial PoliciesColonial Policies– Cash cropsCash crops

Low paid jobsLow paid jobs

urbanizationurbanization

– Hut taxesHut taxes– Head taxesHead taxes– Women lost propertyWomen lost property

Cultural ResponsesCultural Responses

MissionariesMissionaries– Practical skillsPractical skills– ContradictionContradiction

IslamIslam– Colonization helped spreadColonization helped spread

Trade, urbanizationTrade, urbanization

Asia and Western DominanceAsia and Western Dominance

Central AsiaCentral AsiaBetween 1865 and 1876 Russia took over Between 1865 and 1876 Russia took over nomadic Kazhak’s land. They also took nomadic Kazhak’s land. They also took over the oases land of the Qing.over the oases land of the Qing.– Little effect on the peopleLittle effect on the people

Southeast Asia and IndonesiaSoutheast Asia and Indonesia

Burma, Malaya, Indochina, and northern Burma, Malaya, Indochina, and northern Sumatra were conquered from 1850 to Sumatra were conquered from 1850 to 1900. 1900.

Siam independentSiam independent

– Rich in cropsRich in crops– China and IndianChina and Indian– Increase in populationIncrease in population– IslamIslam– nationalismnationalism

Hawaii and the PhilippinesHawaii and the Philippines1878-19021878-1902

Hawaii annexed in 1898Hawaii annexed in 1898

Spanish American WarSpanish American War– Philippines annexed in 1898Philippines annexed in 1898

Aguinaldo led rebellion against U.S.Aguinaldo led rebellion against U.S.

Imperialism in Latin AmericaImperialism in Latin America

Railroads and the Imperialism Railroads and the Imperialism Free TradeFree Trade

Latin America’s natural resources made Latin America’s natural resources made them targets for them targets for free trade imperialism.free trade imperialism.

England and the U.S.’s entrepreneurs England and the U.S.’s entrepreneurs financed railroads in order to exploit the financed railroads in order to exploit the agricultural and mineral wealth of Latin agricultural and mineral wealth of Latin America. America.

American Expansionism and the American Expansionism and the Spanish American War, 1898Spanish American War, 1898

Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine – Kept out EuropeansKept out Europeans– Latin America all to myselfLatin America all to myself

Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War– Puerto RicoPuerto Rico– CubaCuba

American Intervention in the American Intervention in the Caribbean and Central America, Caribbean and Central America,

1901-19141901-1914

Military intervention to encourage Military intervention to encourage repayments of loans.repayments of loans.– U.S. occupation of:U.S. occupation of:

Cuba, Dominican Republic, Cuba, Dominican Republic,

Nicaragua, Honduras, and HaitiNicaragua, Honduras, and Haiti

Panama Canal 1903Panama Canal 1903

The World Economy and the The World Economy and the Global EnvironmentGlobal Environment

Expansion of the World Expansion of the World EconomyEconomy

Imperialists brought their colonies into the Imperialists brought their colonies into the mainstream of the world market.mainstream of the world market.– Canals, steamships, harbor improvements, Canals, steamships, harbor improvements,

railroadsrailroads

Transformation of the Global Transformation of the Global EnvironmentEnvironment

Economic changesEconomic changes– DeforestationDeforestation– Transported plantsTransported plants– IrrigationIrrigation

Increased populationIncreased population

Demand for gold, iron and other minerals Demand for gold, iron and other minerals led to mining booms that brought toxic run-led to mining booms that brought toxic run-off from open mines. off from open mines.