The New England Colonies

Puritans• Protestants who wished to

reform the Anglican church of King Henry VIII

• Disagreed with beliefs and practices of the church

Separatists• People who wanted to set

up their own churches apart from the Anglican Church of England.

• Mistreated for their beliefs in England.

The Pilgrims• A small group of Separatists

that left England for religious freedom on The Mayflower in 1620.

• Meant to land in Virginia, but had to start a new colony in Massachusetts

The Mayflower Compact

• A document signed by the Pilgrims onboard the ship, The Mayflower

• A promise of self government

Wampanoag People• Native Americans living near the

Plymouth settlement• Squanto and Samoset helped colonists

survive• For a short time, they lived in harmony

and had the First Thanksgiving

John Winthrop• First Governor of the

Massachusetts Bay Colony

• Received a royal charter to set up colony in Boston, 1630

Anne Hutchinson• Massachusetts Puritan woman

who was persecuted for her religious beliefs

• Banished from colony and killed by Native Americans

• Example of Puritan religious intolerance

The Great Migration• Movement of people to

Massachusetts during the 1630s

• 15,000 Puritans journeyed to Massachusetts to escape religious persecution

Roger Williams• A minister who founded Rhode

Island• Forced by Massachusetts leaders

to leave colony• Rescued by Native Americans

and bought land to found colony of religious toleration

religious toleration• Allowing people of all faiths to

worship their religion freely

• A policy in Rhode Island

• Created a safe place for dissidents, or people who disagreed with the church

King Phillip’s War• In 1675, Wampanoag leader

Metacomet waged war against the New England colonies

• Colonists defeated Metacomet after 14 months

• Destroyed Native American power in New England

Subsistence farming• Producing enough to meet the

needs of a family• Little left over to sell or trade• Practiced in New England

because of rocky soil and long winters

Maritime industries• New England economic

systems based on location near the ocean

• Examples: whaling, fishing, shipbuilding

The Middle Colonies

New Amsterdam• The main settlement of

Dutch New Netherland on Manhattan Island

• Major transportation link in colonies

• Controlled by the Dutch West India Company

patroons• Rich Dutch landowners who

received grants for land in New Netherland

• Could bring 50 settlers to work the land

• Ruled like kings

Peter Stuyvesant• Governor of the New

Netherland colony.

• Surrendered colony to English forced without a fight

The Duke of York• Brother of King Charles of England• Renamed colony to New York• Colony began to prosper with a

diverse population• New York City- one of fastest

growing in colonies

William Penn• a wealthy English Quaker who

became proprietor of Pennsylvania• Believed Pennsylvania was a “holy

experiment”• Wanted to pay Native Americans

back for the land• Philadelphia quickly became most

prosperous city

Quakers• Also known as The Society of

Friends• Believed that everyone was equal• Pacifists who would not use

force or fight• Founded Pennsylvania as a “holy

experiment”

Pacifists• People who refuse to

use force or fight in wars

• The Quakers are pacifists

Charter of Privileges• A document written by

William Penn in 1701• Granted colonists the right

to elect their own representatives

• Example of self-government in the colonies

The Southern Colonies

indentured servants• People who came to the

colonies and agreed to work without pay

• Worked for certain length of time to pay for passage to America

Sir George Calvert• Aka Lord Baltimore

• Wanted a safe place for his fellow Catholics to get religious freedom

• Founded the proprietary colony of Maryland

Mason-Dixon Line• Boundary line between the

colonies of Maryland and Pennsylvania

• Settled the dispute over the boundaries of the colonies

Act of Toleration• An act passed by the Calverts

in 1649 to settle the conflict between Catholics and Protestants

• Ensured Protestants and Catholics the right to worship freely for a time

Bacon’s Rebellion• In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon led

attacks on Native American villages

• Opposed the colonial government

• Burned Jamestown to the ground • Died before the rebellion

succeeded

indigo• A blue flowering plant

used to dye cloth• Developed by a young

English woman, Eliza Lucas, in the 1740s

• Important cash crop in Southern colonies

James Oglethorpe• Founded Georgia colony with

charter from King George II in 1733

• Set up colony for debtors and poor people to make a fresh start

debtors• People who owed too

much money to pay back• Could be imprisoned in

England• Came to Georgia for a

fresh start

plantations• Large farming estates

that grew cash crops like tobacco or rice

• May have up to 200 or more workers

• Mostly used enslaved Africans for labor

overseers• Bosses hired to keep

enslaved Africans working hard by using force

The Middle Passage• The trip across the ocean from

Africa to the New World

• A terrible ordeal for kidnapped Africans.

• Prisoners were chained together for more than a month with little food or water

Triangular Trade• A three-part route in the

slave trade• Ships traveled between

Europe, Africa, and the New World

• Slavery became major part of colonial economy

Slave codes• Rules governing the

behavior and punishment of enslaved Africans in the colonies