The Nation Splits

Missouri Compromise - 1820

• MISSOURI – enter as a “slave state”• MAINE – enter as a “free state”• 12 free states / 12 slave states = balanced• Dividing line at 36 degrees, 30 minutes -would

divide the land left in the Louisiana Territory • Below line – open to slavery; above line –

closed to slavery

Compromise of 1850

• TEXAS – would be a slave state• CALIFORNIA – enter as a free state• In the land ceded by Mexico in 1848 = 2 new territories...

Utah and New Mexico, use popular sovereignty (“people’s choice”) to decide if they would enter the Union as a slave state or a free state

• Free states: The slave trade would be abolished in the nation’s capital - Washington, DC – forever!

• For the Slave states: A new Fugitive Slave Act would go into effect: it was now federal law that anyone living in the Northern free states MUST help return runaway slaves to their owners in the South

Kansas-Nebraska Act - 1854• In the remaining unorganized territory, 2 new

territories would be created: Kansas and Nebraska

• These two territories would also use popular sovereignty to decide if they would enter the Union as a slave state (Kansas?) or a free state (Nebraska?)

• This act abolished the Missouri Compromise and opened the area to possible slavery

Election of 1860

Abe Lincoln – Republican

Stephen Douglas – Northern Democrat

John Breckinridge – Southern Democrat

John Bell - Southern moderate

Election of 1860 • Northern and southern Democrats votes split

between Douglas, Breckinridge and Bell• Allowed Lincoln to receive all Republican votes • Split led to Lincoln being elected ** Both houses of congress in northern hands, and an opponent of slavery will now head the executive branch*****

South Secedes from Union

“The union now subsisting between South Carolina and the other states under the name of

the ‘United States of America’ is herby dissolved”

• One week after Election 1860 – S.C. Leads the secession, followed by 12 others.

• Every Article of Secession states interference with “Peculiar Institution” (slavery) as reason for leaving union.

RECONSTRUCTION

1865-1877

Analyze the impact of reconstruction in the following areas: geographic, political,

economic, social

ISSUES AFTER THE WAR• POLITICAL ISSUES

• Federal v. States’ Rights• Lincoln assassinated – Johnson

takes over

SOCIAL ISSUES• 13th Amendment, 14th Amendment,

and 15th Amendment• Black Codes

ECONOMIC ISSUES• Key to Freedom – Owning Land

• Sharecropping almost as bad as slavery

GEOGRAPHIC ISSUES

• Southern Citiesrapid industrial growth

during ReconstructionNorthern businesses

dependent upon the South for resourcesNortherners also wanted

the southern cities for marketsrailroads linked North and SouthSouthern business leaders

and Northern investors partnered

IMPACT OF RECONSTRUCTION• Violence in the South

organized terrorist groups such as KKK and others target

African Americans • Poverty

African Americans unhappy with financial status and lack of land reform• Supreme Court Decisions

civil rights left to state controlno enforcement of protection under the 14th

AmendmentSouthern leaders wanted to suppress rights of

African Americans