US HISTORY

The Nation Grows and Changes

STANDARD VUS.5e The student will demonstrate knowledge of the

issues involved in the creation and ratification of

the Constitution of the United States and how the principles of limited government, consent of the

governed, and the social contract are embodied in

it by e) appraising how John Marshall’s precedent-

setting decisions established the Supreme Court as an independent and equal branch of the national

government.

The power of the Supreme Court…

Marbury v. Madison

1800

John Adams is president,

but has just lost the

election

John Adams

Marbury v. Madison

His party has also lost

power in congress

He’s smart and crafty

John Adams

Marbury v. Madison

Before he leaves office he

has congress pass the

Judiciary Act of 1801

John Adams

Marbury v. Madison

This allows him to appoint

several new judges who

will rule against what the

new president and

congress does

John Adams

Marbury v. Madison

Adams rushed out 39 new

judges. These were called his

“Midnight Appointments.”

John Adams

Marbury v. Madison

Adams rushed out 39 new

judges. These were called his

“Midnight Appointments.”

But his administration ended

before his Secretary of State

could deliver the last three

‘commissions.’ John Adams

Marbury v. Madison

New president, Thomas

Jefferson, and his secretary of

state, James Madison, refused to

deliver the commissions.

One of the new judges, William

Marbury, sued Madison. Thomas Jefferson

Marbury v. Madison

James Madison William Marbury

VS

Marbury v. Madison

Supreme Court justice, John Marshall, decided

the court didn’t have the power to force

Madison into giving Marbury his job.

James Madison William Marbury

VS

Marbury v. Madison

Supreme Court justice, John Marshall, decided

the court didn’t have the power to force

Madison into giving Marbury his job.

James Madison William Marbury

VS

Marbury v. Madison

More importantly, John Marshall decided the

court alone had the power of judicial review!

James Madison William Marbury

VS

Marbury v. Madison

James Madison William Marbury

VS

Judicial Review

Only the Supreme Court has the power to rule laws of Congress unconstitutional

SOL Question…

John Marshall was instrumental in strengthening the –

A State Department

B Federal Reserve

C Electoral College

D Supreme Court

SOL Question…

Which Supreme Court decision includes this quotation?

A Marbury v. Madison

B Cohens v. Virginia

C Gibbons v. Ogden

D McCulloch v. Maryland

STANDARD VUS.6a

The student will demonstrate knowledge of

the major events from the last decade of the

eighteenth century through the first half of the

nineteenth

century by a) explaining the principles and issues that

prompted Thomas Jefferson to organize the first

opposition political party.

Election of 1800

Controversy over the

Federalists’ support for

the Bank of the United

States, the Jay Treaty,

and the undeclared war

on France contributed to

the emergence of an

organized opposition

party, the Democratic-

Republicans, led by

Thomas Jefferson and

James Madison.

The presidential election of 1800, won by

Thomas Jefferson, was the first American

presidential election in which power was

peacefully transferred from one political

party to another.

The Federalists, led by John Adams and

Alexander Hamilton, typically believed in a

strong national government and commercial

economy.

The Federalists, led by John Adams and

Alexander Hamilton, typically believed in a

strong national government and commercial

economy. They were supported by bankers

and business interests in the Northeast.

The Federalists, led by John Adams and Alexander Hamilton, typically believed in a strong national government and commercial economy. They were supported by bankers and business interests in the Northeast.

The Democratic-Republicans believed in a weak national government and an agricultural economy. They were supported by farmers, artisans, and frontier settlers in the South.

SOL Question…

Which early United States political party believed in these positions?

A Federalists

B Whigs

C Know-Nothings

D Democratic-Republicans

STANDARD VUS.6b

The student will demonstrate knowledge of

the major events from the last decade of the

eighteenth century through the first half of the

nineteenth century by b) identifying the economic, political, and geographic

factors that led to territorial expansion and its

impact on the American Indians.

Northwest Territory

Northwest Territory

Northwest Territory

U.S. owned land surrounding the Great Lakes

Northwest Territory

After the French and Indian war, the British gained the land west of the Appalachian Mountains from the French.

After the United States declared their independence, the U.S. Organized this land into what they called the Northwest Territory.

Later, new states would be carved out this territory.

Louisiana Purchase

1803

Louisiana Purchase

1803

Thomas Jefferson is

President.

Louisiana Purchase

1803

Thomas Jefferson is

President.

Napoleon Bonaparte was

emperor of France at the

same time.

Louisiana Purchase

Remember, the US had

gained the land from the

Appalachian Mountains to the

Mississippi after the French

and Indian war.

Louisiana Purchase

At this time, New Orleans

was a big port city.

Louisiana Purchase

At this time, New Orleans

was a big port city.

It controlled the flow of

trade on the Mississippi.

Louisiana Purchase

At this time, New Orleans

was a big port city.

It controlled the flow of

trade on the Mississippi.

Unfortunately, it was owned

by France!

Louisiana Purchase

Thomas Jefferson wants to

buy the City of New Orleans

from France.

Louisiana Purchase

Napoleon has been having

problems controlling his own

colonies.

Louisiana Purchase

Napoleon has been having

problems controlling his own

colonies.

Haiti and his other Caribbean

islands have revolted and

broken free.

Louisiana Purchase

Napoleon has been having

problems controlling his own

colonies.

Haiti and his other Caribbean

islands have revolted and

broken free.

He has money problems.

Louisiana Purchase

He decides… to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to TJ!

Louisiana Purchase

He decides… to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to TJ!

Louisiana Territory

A large piece French owned land to the west of the Mississippi River

Louisiana Purchase

TJ isn’t sure… he doesn’t

like the national government

having that much power to

buy that much land.

But it was an offer he

couldn’t refuse.

Louisiana Purchase

He paid $15 million.

It was a great deal which

doubled the size of the United

States!

Louisiana Purchase

TJ then hires Meriwether

Lewis and William Clark to

explore and map the new

land.

Lewis was from Rockfish

Gap in Albemarle, Virginia

Meriwether Lewis

Louisiana Purchase

Lewis and Clark joined up

with a young Native American

guide named Sacagawea.

She helped them navigate

the land and communicate

with the other tribes.

Louisiana Purchase They also helped to scout out which

Native tribes would be friendly to U.S.

expansion and which would cause

trouble.

SOL Question!

Which Supreme Court case established the court’s power of judicial review?

A. Marbury v. Madison

B. Plessy v. Ferguson

C. Roe v. Wade

D. McCulloch v. Maryland

Which headline best illustrates the use of judicial review?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

SOL Question!

The “Northwest Territory” includes land in which area of the United States?

A. Along the northern Pacific Coast

B. New England

C. Near North and South Dakota

D. Along the Great Lakes

SOL Question!

The leader of France allowed Thomas Jefferson to buy the French owned land to the west of the Appalachian Mountains. This deal was know as the?

A. Manifest Destiny

B. Northwest Territory

C. Seward’s Folly

D. Louisiana Purchase

SOL Question!

Which important trade city is at the location?

A. New York

B. Philadelphia

C. New Orleans

D. Charleston

SOL Question!

STANDARD VUS.6c

The student will demonstrate knowledge of

the major events from the last decade of the

eighteenth century through the first half of the

nineteenth century by c) examining the reasons why James Madison

asked Congress to declare war on Great Britain

in 1812 and how this divided the nation.

War is coming

War of 1812

In 1812 the British tried to

conquer us again!

War of 1812

War of 1812

In the early 1800s, British

ships were “kidnapping”

American sailors and forcing

them to work on British ships.

This was called

impressment!.

#1

War of 1812

In the early 1800s, British

ships were “kidnapping”

American sailors and forcing

them to work on British ships.

This was called

impressment!.

#1

Impressment

The capturing and forced work of American sailors on British ships

War of 1812

The British have also been

interfering with U.S. trade

with the rest of the world.

#2

War of 1812

Westward Expansion:

Many Americans were also moving westward to find new opportunities.

#3

War of 1812

Unfortunately, as more people moved into the Northwest Territory, they encountered Native American groups backed by British troops from Canada!

The British had hopes of taking us over again!

#3

War of 1812

James Madison gave a speech to Congress!

He listed all these things which Britain was doing to the U.S. and asked how the U.S. could stand by and be humiliated like this?

War of 1812

Congress quickly passed war legislation which Madison signed…

… and the war began.

War of 1812

The war lasted 2 ½ years and involved British forces burning several buildings in Washington, DC including the President’s Mansion!

War of 1812

Eventually, the British were beaten

Fort McHenry, Baltimore: The British bombarded the fort for an entire night without the American troops withdrawing!

War of 1812

In the early morning hours, the Americans again raised a huge American flag

This inspired one man, Francis Scott Key, to write a poem he called… The Star Spangled Banner!

War of 1812

The flag is now on display in the Smithsonian Institute in Washington, DC

War of 1812

The war was officially ended in 1815

War of 1812

Battle of New Orleans

War of 1812

The British also attempted an attack on New Orleans.

If they could control this port city, they could control the whole Mississippi!

War of 1812

A very good general, Andrew Jackson defeated them

This would help lead him to become the 7th American president