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The NAE Grand Challenges:Why They Matter
Charles M. VestPresident, National Academy of Engineering
Summit on the NAE Grand ChallengesChicago,
April 21, 2009
Who we are
What we do
20th CenturyAchievement
Policy Agenda
20th CenturyAchievement
EducationResearch
Best & BrightestInnovation
Policy Agenda
20th CenturyAchievement
21st CenturyChallenge
EducationResearch
Best & BrightestInnovation
INSPIRE
CHALLENGE
EDUCATE
Grand Challenges Committee
• Bill Perry, chair• Sir Alec Broers• Farouk El-Baz• Wes Harris• Bernadine Healy• Daniel Hillis• Calestous Juma• Dean Kamen• Ray Kurzweil
• Bob Langer• Jaime Lerner• Bindu Lohani• Jane Lubchenco• Mario Molina• Larry Page• Rob Socolow• Craig Venter• Jackie Ying
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Make Solar EnergyEconomical
Manage theNitrogen Cycle
Advance HealthcareInformatics
Prevent NuclearTerror
Advance PersonalizedLearning
Provide EnergyFrom Fusion
Provide Access to Clean Water
Engineer Better Medicines
Secure Cyberspace
Engineer the Tools of ScientificDiscovery
Develop CarbonSequestrationMethods
Restore andImprove UrbanInfrastructure
ReverseEngineer theBrain
EnhanceVirtualReality
Engineering Grand Challenges
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EnergyEnvironment
Global WarmingSustainability
Improve Medicine andHealthcare Delivery
Reducing Vulnerability toHuman and Natural Threats
Expand and EnhanceHuman Capability
And Joy
Engineering Grand Challengeswww.engineeringchallenges.org
INSPIRE
CHALLENGE
EDUCATE
INSPIRE
CHALLENGE
EDUCATE
WHY?
U.S. Prosperity
Global Survival
Exciting Futures
BECAUSE
U.S. Prosperity
The World is Changing
Global R&D Investments
Data for 2002
Source: Science and Engineering Indicators, NSF 2008
R&D Expenditures and Share of World Total
1/3 1/31/3
New PlayersWhere the Expertise is
Source: Competitiveness Index 2007, Council on Competitiveness, Washington, DC
Young Professional Workforce(college grads up to 7 yr.
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
China India U.S.
Engineers
Life Science
Finance/Acct.
First Engineering Degrees
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006
China
Japan
S. Korea
US
UK
First Engineering Degrees(China Rises)
Source: NSF Science and Engineering Indicators 2010
China
JapanUS
First Engineering Degrees
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006
China
Japan
S. Korea
US
UK
First Engineering Degrees(China Rises)
Source: NSF Science and Engineering Indicators 2010
China
JapanUS
World’s Largest Solar Powered Office Building, Dezhau, China
Worldwide shipments of Solar Photovoltaics – in Megawatts
U.S.
Photovoltaics
Source: ARPA-E, 2010
U.S.
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
Asia Europe UnitedStates
% UG Degrees in Science or Engineering
Natural Sciences
Engineering
How do we compare with the Rest of the World?
Source: NSF Science and Engineering Indicators 2010
How do we compare with the Rest of the World?
Source: NSF Science and Engineering Indicators 2010
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
Asia Europe UnitedStates
% UG Degrees in Science or Engineering
Natural Sciences
Engineering
A Problem
source: V. Wadhwa, Issues in Science and Technology, 2009
Immigrants have founded manyOf our S&E Based Companies
Percentage of Companies established 1995-2005that were founded by Immigrants
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
1
Semiconductors
Computers/Communications
Software
Innovation/Mfg-Related Services
All Industry Fields
Bioscience
Environmental
Defence/Aerospace
Global Survival
The Challenges are Profound.
World Population Estimates
source: U.S. Census Bureau 2005 Data Base http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/world.html
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
120012501300135014001450150015501600165017001750180018501900195020002050
Population (millions)
World Population Estimates
source: U.S. Census Bureau 2005 Data Base http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/world.html
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
120012501300135014001450150015501600165017001750180018501900195020002050
Population (millions)
EnergyEnvironment
Global WarmingSustainability
Improve Medicine andHealthcare Delivery
Global Health Clean Water
Urban Sustainability
Carbon, Energy,
and Climate
EnergyEnvironment
Global WarmingSustainability
Improve Medicine andHealthcare Delivery
Exciting Futures
For Our Children
Exciting Futures
Through Education and Innovation
This is the most exciting era in Engineering and Science
in Human History.
Creating the Tools of Scientific Discovery
Frontiers of Engineeringand Technology
Macro SystemsEnergy
EnvironmentHealth Care
ManufacturingCommunications
Logistics …
NanoBioInfo
Tiny Systems
SmallerFasterMore Complex
LargerMore ComplexSocietal Relevance
Macro SystemsEnergy
EnvironmentHealth Care
ManufacturingCommunications
Logistics …
NanoBioInfo
Social Science
Natural Science
Tiny Systems
Essential New Intersections
Essential New Intersectionscall for New Educations.
1. Research experience
2. Interdisciplinary CurriculumEngineering+
3. Entrepreneurship
4. Global Dimension
5. Service Learning
NAE Grand Challenge Scholars Programs
NAE Grand Challenge Scholars Programs
Duke
Olin College
USC
ASU
La. Tech.
Established
NAE Grand Challenge Scholars ProgramsVanderbilt
Florida Inst. of Tech.
So. Illinois
James Madison
Louisiana Tech.
Case Western Reserve
Stanford
Tufts
Old Dominion
NC State
Naval PG School
Saint Louis Univ.
Carnegie Mellon
Kansas State
Tennessee State
Georgia Tech
MIT
Tuskegee
Wichita State
WPI
IIT
Iowa
UCLA
Lafayette College
Cal Poly
Univ. Maryland
Univ. Tennessee
North Carolina A&T
Univ. of Toronto
Columbia
Duke
Olin College
USC
ASU
La. Tech.
Developing
Established
INNOVATION&
ACTION
Meeting the Grand Challenges
StudentsUniversities
MediaIndustry Government
21st centuryInnovation
Life Sciences and
Information Technology
A new Enabling Technology?
Macro Systemsespecially Energy
Future ofVenture Capital?
Disruptive TechnologiesFor
Grand Challenges
Globalization ofR&D
EducationWorkforce
21st centuryInnovation
Evolution ofcurrent
Innovation System
VirtualCommunities
Discovery InnovationInstitutes
New Universities
New EducationalOrganizations
InducementPrizes
21st centuryInnovation
Meeting Grand Challenges requires:
• Vision
Meeting Grand Challenges requires:
Meeting Grand Challenges requires:
• Vision
• Science
Meeting Grand Challenges requires:
• Vision
• Science
• Imagination
Meeting Grand Challenges requires:
• Vision
• Science
• Imagination
• Boldness
Meeting Grand Challenges requires:
• Vision
• Science
• Imagination
• Boldness
• Priorities
Meeting Grand Challenges requires:
• Vision
• Science
• Imagination
• Boldness
• Priorities
• Policy
Meeting Grand Challenges requires:
• Vision
• Science
• Imagination
• Boldness
• Priorities
• Policy
• Markets
Meeting Grand Challenges requires:
• Vision
• Science
• Imagination
• Boldness
• Priorities
• Policy
• Markets
• Perseverance
Meeting Grand Challenges requires:
• Vision
• Science
• Imagination
• Boldness
• Priorities
• Policy
• Markets
• Perseverance
And …
ENGINEERING
Energy Flows in the U.S. Economy, 2007
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Serious Engineering!
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EnergyEnvironment
Global WarmingSustainability
Improve Medicine andHealthcare Delivery
Reducing Vulnerability toHuman and Natural Threats
Expand and EnhanceHuman Capability
And Joy
Meeting the Grand Challenges
Let’s do it!
Meeting the Grand Challenges
Thank youChicago.