The Musculoskeletal System

• BONES

– There are 206 bones in the body

BONES

• 4 bone types

– LONG

– FLAT

– IRREGULAR

– SHORT

SKULL

The Skull

• Two sections

– Cranial

– Facial

22 Bones make up the skull

• Facial bones 14

8 Cranial Bones

The skull

• Cranial= 8 bones

– Frontal

– Temporal

– Occipital

– Parietal

• Facial- 14 bones

– Maxillary

– Mandible

– Nasal

NEW Book PG 104 Draw skull and label

The Vertebral (SPINAL) Column

• 33 vertebrae

• The central nervous system contains the spinal cord and the brain

• Between each vertebrae there is a intervertebral disc (shock absorber)

• DRAW Thoracic example on page 70 and label– Body– Foramen– Transverse

process– Spinous process– Laminae

Vertebral column

• Cervical vertebrae• Thoracic vertebrae• Lumbar vertebrae• Sacrum• Coccyx

• The sacrum and the hip bones form the body structure called the pelvic girdle

33,26,30

• Cervical Vertebrae – C1- C7

All mammals except manatees and sloths have seven cervical vertebrae, whatever the length of the neck.

• Thoracic –T1- T 12

• Lumbar – L1-L5

• Sacrum – 5 fused

• Coccyx – 4 fused

FUN WEBSITE WITH INTERACTIVE ID OF PARTS OF

VERTEBRAE

• http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/skeletontt.htm

• http://www.purposegames.com/game/1009

• http://www.purposegames.com/game/1541

Additional Web sites

• http://www.purposegames.com/game/183/info

• http://www.abcya.com/skeletal_system.htm

• http://www.fossweb.com/modules3-6/HumanBody/index.html

Thoracic Bones

• Bones of the thoracic cage are– Sternum– 12 pairs of ribs (10

connected and 2 floating)

– Manubrium– Xiphoid process– Intercostal spaces-

dead space between ribs

OLD BOOK Draw and label the above pg 72

Shoulder Girdle and Upper Extremities

• Scapula

• Collarbone

• Acromion

• Humerous

• Radius

• Ulna

• Carpal bones 8 (wrist)

• Metacarpals 5 per hand

• Phalanges 14 proximal medial distalDraw and label

above may connect and make one large drawing OLD Book pg 73 and 74

Pelvic Girdle and Lower Extremities

• Pelvic girdle

– Ileum

– Ischium

– Pubis

• Lower Extremities

– Femur

– Tibia

– Fibula

– Tarsus

Draw and label above old book pg75 A & B and pg 78fig 6-12 pg and fig 6-13

How many bones are in the human foot?

• A. 17

• B. 32

• C. 26

• D. 12

FOOT/ANKLE

• 15 % of all sports injuries involve the ligaments, bones, and tendons of the ankle

• The ankle absorbs 3x’s the force of the body during running and jumping

• FYI– 20,000 ankle sprains

in US a yr– Feet cushion up to 1

million lbs. of pressure during a single hr. of strenuous exercise

– The feet log 1,000 miles per year

Identify sex of skeletal remains by pelvis

♀ = female ♂= male

Joints

• 3 types of Joints

– Diarthroses

– Amphiarthroses

– Synarthroses

• 4 types of Diarthroses

– Hinge joints

– Ball and socket joints

– Pivot joints

– Gliding joints

Specific Joint Motion

• The skull– The only moveable skull joint is the

temporomandibular joint– Capable of flexion, extension, protraction and

retraction– All other movement between the skull, neck

trunk are made by intervertebral joints of the vertebral body

Specific Joint motions

• HEAD AND NECK– Occipital bone and cervical vertebrae (c1 and C2)

allow F, E, Right and Left lateral F, and right and left rotation

• Trunk– Most motion in cervical and lumbar area– Intervertebral joints– Gliding joints– Same as head and neck– Motion in the thoracic spine is limited by rib cage

Specific joint motion

• Shoulder girdle and upper extremities

• Ball and socket joint

• Allows F, E, AB, AD, Internal and external rotation

• Elbow is hinge joint(moves in 1 direction)– Flexion and extension

• Wrist-flexion, extention rotation

• Fingers-F,E, AB, AD

Specific Joint Motion

• Pelvic girdle and lower extremities– Built for weight bearing( to hold you up)– Hip-ball and socket– Motion same as shoulder– Knee –modified hinge-joint F, E, limited RO– Ankle –similar to wrist– Toes- same as fingers