the muscular system unit 3 objectives: 1.be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Muscular System
Unit 3 Objectives:1. Be able to explain the differences
between the 3 types of muscles in the human body
2. Be able to describe common muscle actions and how muscle contractions are initiated
3. Be able to name the major skeletal muscles of the body (human and cat) as well as their origin/insertion points
![Page 2: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
5 6 78
Warm- Up 10/6/11:Identify the 8 muscles above.
Group 1 Muscles
56 7
8
![Page 3: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Muscular System
• Muscles are responsible for all types of body movement
• Muscle Functions:– Movement– Maintain posture– Stabilize joints– Heat
• Three basic muscle types found in the body:– Smooth muscle– Cardiac muscle– Skeletal muscle
![Page 4: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Characteristics of Muscles
• Muscle cells are elongated
• Contraction of muscles is due to the movement of microfilaments – many cells contracting at the same time
• All muscles share some terminology– Prefix myo refers to
muscle
![Page 5: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Smooth Muscle Characteristics:
How blood and food move• No striations• Spindle-shaped
cells• Single nucleus• Involuntary – no
conscious control
• Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs (blood vessels, intestines)
Figure 6.2a
![Page 6: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Cardiac Muscle Characteristics:
What makes your heart beat?• Striations
• Usually only one nucleus
• Cells joined to each other at an intercalated disc
• Involuntary• Found only in
the heartFigure 6.2b
![Page 7: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Skeletal Muscle Characteristics:
Moving your bones!• Most are attached by tendons to
bones – Remember “tendons tug”
• Cells have more than one nucleus• Striated – have visible banding• Voluntary – subject to conscious
control• Cells are surrounded and bundled by
connective tissue
![Page 8: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Connective Tissue Wrappings of Skeletal
Muscle• Endomysium –
around single muscle fiber
• Perimysium – around a bundle of fibers
• Epimysium – covers the entire skeletal muscle
• Fascia – on the outside of the epimysium
Figure 6.1
![Page 9: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Skeletal Muscle Attachments
• Epimysium blends into a connective tissue attachment; the tendon – a cord-like structure
• Sites of muscle attachment– Bones– Cartilages– Connective tissue coverings
Animation: http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=AP13904
![Page 11: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Contraction of a Skeletal Muscle
• Video • Muscle fiber contraction is “all or
none”• Within a skeletal muscle, not all
fibers may be stimulated during the same interval
• Different combinations of muscle fiber contractions may give differing responses
• Graded responses – different degrees of skeletal muscle shortening
• Must have ATP in order to contract
![Page 12: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Muscle Response to Strong Stimuli
• Muscle force depends upon the number of fibers stimulated
• More fibers contracting results in greater muscle tension
• Muscles can continue to contract unless they run out of energy (ATP)
![Page 13: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Energy for Muscle Contraction
• Initially, muscles used stored ATP for energy – aerobic activities– Bonds of ATP are broken to release
energy– Only 4-6 seconds worth of ATP is stored
by muscles• After this initial time, other
pathways must be utilized to produce ATP – anaerobic activities and lactic acid build-up
![Page 14: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Muscle Fatigue and Oxygen Debt
• When a muscle is fatigued, it is unable to contract
• The common reason for muscle fatigue is oxygen debt– Oxygen must be returned to tissue to
remove oxygen debt– Oxygen is required to get rid of
accumulated lactic acid• Increasing acidity (from lactic acid)
and lack of ATP causes the muscle to contract less
![Page 15: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Muscles and Body Movements
• Movement is attained due to a muscle moving an attached bone
• Muscles are attached to at least two points– Origin – attachment
to an immoveable bone
– Insertion – attachment to a movable bone
Figure 6.12
![Page 16: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Ordinary Body Movements
• Flexion – decreases the angle between two adjacent body segments
• Extension – increases the angle between two adjacent body segments
• Rotation – the bone distal to the joint is moved either toward (medial) or away from (lateral) the midline
• Abduction – movement of a body part away from the midline
• Adduction – movement of a body part back toward the midline
• Circumduction – a combination of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction
http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/hypermuscle/hyper.html
![Page 17: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Body Movements
Figure 6.13a–c
![Page 18: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Body Movements
![Page 19: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Body Movements
Figure 6.13d
![Page 20: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Naming of Skeletal Muscles
• Direction of muscle fibers– Example: rectus (straight)
• Relative size of the muscle– Example: maximus (largest)
• Location of the muscle– Example: many muscles are named for
bones (e.g., temporalis)• Number of origins
– Example: triceps (three heads)
![Page 21: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Naming of Skeletal Muscles
• Location of the muscle’s origin and insertion– Example: sterno (on the sternum)
• Shape of the muscle– Example: deltoid (triangular)
• Action of the muscle– Example: flexor and extensor (flexes or
extends a bone)
![Page 22: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Head and Neck Muscles
Figure 6.15
![Page 23: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Trunk Muscles
Figure 6.16
![Page 24: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Deep Trunk and Arm Muscles
Figure 6.17
![Page 25: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, and Thigh
Figure 6.19c
![Page 26: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Muscles of the Lower Leg
Figure 6.20
![Page 27: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Superficial Muscles: Anterior
Figure 6.21
![Page 28: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Superficial Muscles: Posterior
Figure 6.22
![Page 29: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Movement Worksheet p.1Standing on your toes as in ballet is
(1) of the foot. Walking on your heels is (2) .Winding up for a pitch (as in baseball) can properly be called (3) . To keep your seat when riding a horse, the tendency is to (4) your thighs.In running, the action at the hip joint is
(5) in reference to the leg moving forward and (6) in reference to the leg in the posterior position. When kicking a football, the action at the knee is (7) . In climbing stairs, the hip and knee of the forward leg are both (8) .
![Page 30: The Muscular System Unit 3 Objectives: 1.Be able to explain the differences between the 3 types of muscles in the human body 2.Be able to describe common](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110319/56649c7b5503460f9492fc24/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
You have just touched your chin to your chest; this is (9) of the neck.Using a screwdriver with a straight arm requires (10) of the arm. Consider all the movements of which the arm is capable. One often used for strengthening the upper arm and shoulder muscles is (11) .Moving the head to signify “no” is (12) . Action that moves the distal end of the radius across the ulna is (13) . Raising the arms laterally away from the body is called (14) of the arms.When you are cupping your hands in order to hold a bowl of soup, the position is called __(15)__.