The Musculoskeletal System

The Muscular System

Muscles

Bones require muscles for locomotion

Muscles move bone by contracting (shortening)Function of MusclesProduce movementMaintain postureStabilize jointsGenerate heat

The Muscular SystemMuscles are responsible for all types of body movement they contract or shorten and are the machine of the bodyThree basic muscle types are found in the bodySmooth muscleCardiac muscleSkeletal muscleThere are three types of Muscle:Smooth MuscleLocated in the digestive and reproductive systemUnder Involuntary control

Cardiac MuscleFound in the wall of the heartunder Involuntary control

Skeletal MuscleAttached to boneProvide force for moving and stabilizing the bodyUnder Voluntary controlStriated muscle

4 Types of Connective Tissue At the joints (where bones meet), there are different types of connective tissue:Ligament connects bone to boneTendon connects muscle to boneBursa fluid filled sac that allows bones to move easily over othersCartilage connective tissue that cushions the joint at the end of bones and between bones

Anatomy of the Muscular SystemOriginMuscle attachment that remains fixedInsertionMuscle attachment that movesActionWhat joint movement a muscle producesi.e. flexion, extension, abduction, etc.

For muscles to create a movement, they can only pull, not push Muscles in the body rarely work alone, & are usually arranged in groups surrounding a joint A muscle that contracts to create the desired action is known as an agonist or prime mover A muscle that helps the agonist is a synergist A muscle that opposes the action of the agonist, therefore undoing the desired action is an antagonist10Antagonistic Muscles

A pair of muscles which work against each other to make a joint moveThe muscle that contracts to bend the joint is the flexor, and the muscle that contracts to straighten the joint is the extensorDid you knowIf youre double jointed it means that you have extra stretchy ligaments which allows your joints more flexibility

MovementMuscles move bones. Muscles are attached to the bone by tendons.When the muscle contracts, it becomes shorter and pulls the tendon which pulls the bone. When the muscle relaxes, the pulling stops.Muscles can only PULL, so they work in pairs. For example, the bicep contracts to pull the lower arm up. When the tricep contracts, your arm straightens.

SummaryBones provide the framework of the body, joints allow for movement, and muscles provide the strength to realize the movements.

The kind of movement depends on the shape of the bone and in the joint.MUSCLES YOU NEED TO KNOW!frontalisorbicularis oculiorbicularis orissternocleidomastoid deltoid pectoralis majorbiceps brachiibrachialisrectus abdominis brachoradialis pronator teres flexor carpi radialis iliopsoas Sartoriusvastus lateralis pectineus rectus femoris peroneus longustibialis anteriorgracilisvastus medialis gastrocnemiussoleus trapezius teres major triceps brachii latissimus dorsi external obliquegluteus medius gluteus maximussemimembranosis semitendinosis Achilles tendonsoleusbiceps femorisextensor carpi ulnarisflexor carpi ulnaris

An Overview of the Major Skeletal Muscles

17An Overview of the Major Skeletal Muscles

Figure 7-11(b)18Anatomy of the Muscular System

Muscles of the Head and Neck

Figure 7-12(a)19Anatomy of the Muscular System

Muscles of the Head and Neck

Figure 7-12(c)20Anatomy of the Muscular System

Muscles of the Anterior Neck

Figure 7-1321Anatomy of the Muscular SystemMuscles of the Spine

Figure 7-1422Anatomy of the Muscular SystemMuscles of the Shoulder

Figure 7-17(a)Anatomy of the Muscular SystemMuscles of the Shoulder

Figure 7-17(b)Anatomy of the Muscular SystemMuscles that Move the Arm

Figure 7-18(a)Anatomy of the Muscular SystemMuscles That Move the Forearm and Wrist

Figure 7-19Anatomy of the Muscular SystemMuscles That Move the Thigh

Figure 7-20(a)Anatomy of the Muscular SystemMuscles That Move the ThighFigure 7-20(b)

Anatomy of the Muscular SystemMuscles That Move the LegFigure 7-21

Anatomy of the Muscular SystemMuscles That Move the Foot and ToesFigure 7-22(a)

Anatomy of the Muscular SystemMuscles That Move the Foot and ToesFigure 7-22(b)

Anatomy of the Muscular SystemMuscles That Move the Foot and ToesFigure 7-22(c)

Anatomy of the Muscular SystemMuscles That Move the Foot and ToesFigure 7-22(d)