The muddle of MBAs

智晓晓 王丹丹段巧巧 张玉娇

It is incongruous that the number of British institutions offering MBA courses should have grown by 254 per cent during a period when the economy has been sliding into deeper recession.  Optimists, or those given to speedy assumptions, might think it marvellous to have such a resource of business school graduates ready for the recovery.

1 ： MBA— 英文 Master Of Business Administration （工商管理硕士）的简称，而其中文简称为“工管硕”。

2 ： Institution [Insti‘tju:ʃən]—n. 惯例 , 习俗 ; 制度；为人熟知常在某处的人；知名人士 , 名流；慈善机构；建立 , 制定

3 ： marvelous [mɑ:vələs] —adj. 引起惊异的 ,不可思议的 , 非凡的，极好的

4 ： slide into ( 使 ) 滑入，溜进 5 ： suffer from— 因…而受罚（苦 , 损） ; 因 ...

而更糟 ; 受 ... 之苦

英国院校提供 MBA 课程的数量应该增长254 个百分点在当经济已经陷入更深的衰退时期这段时间是不协调的。乐观主义者或者那些惯于迅速假设的人，可能觉得有一个商学院毕业生资源为恢复做准备是不可思议的。

  Unfortunately, there is now much doubt about the value of the degree- not least among MBA graduates themselves, suffering as they are from the effects of recession and facing the prospect of shrinking management structures.

不幸的是，现在关于学位的价值有很多疑问—尤其在 MBA 毕业生自己当中，他们遭 受经济衰退的影响面临着管理结构萎缩的 前景。

What was taken some years ago as a ticket of certain admission to success is now being exposed to the scrutiny of cost-conscious employers who seek 'can dos' rather than 'might dos', and who feel that academia has not been sufficiently appreciative of the needs of industry or of the employers' possible contribution.

几年前曾被认为是通往成功的门票，现在却面临着只考虑成本的雇主的层层盘问，这些雇主寻求可以做而不是可能做的人，而那些人认为学术界还没有得到充分的赞赏需要的行业或雇主可能作出的贡献。

6: admission [əd’miʃən]— 准许进入，加入权，进入权，入场费 , 入场券 , 门票费，承认 , 供认，招认，招供

admission to— 许可，准许，允许进入，入院，进入，录取

7 ： rather than—( 要 )… 而不… , 与其…倒不如… ， instead of sb/sth 而不是

It is curious, given the name of the degree, that there should be no league table for UK business schools; no unanimity about what the degree should encompass; and no agreed system of accreditation .  Surely there is something wrong.  One wonders where all the tutors for this massive infusion of business expertise came from and why all this mushrooming took place.

8 ： league table— 比赛成绩表 , 比赛名次表9 ： take place— 发生 ; 举行；（尤指根据安排

或计划）发生，进行

考虑到学位的名称是比较好奇的， 没有 英国商学院的名次表，没有一致同意学位应该包括什么，而且没有统一的体系资格。当然有些不妥。人们想知道，所有灌输专业知识技能的导师来自哪里和为什么这些快速增长。

Perhaps companies that made large investments would have been wiser to invest in already existing managers, perched anxiously on their own internal ladders.  The Institute of Managements's 1992 survey, which revealed that eighty-one percent of managers thought they personally would be more effective if they received more training, suggests that this might be the case.  

perch [pə:tʃ] n. 高位；栖木；杆 vt. 栖息；就位；位于；使坐落于 vi. 栖息；就位；位于[ 复数 perch 或 perches ] But still this life it's not without it's perch. Let's see what happens.

你知道的 ,迪恩如果有机会一定会泡她 ,让我们看看会发生什么吧我知道你要说什么

也许有些公司做出巨大的投资将比投资在现有的管理者中更明智，这些管理者将忧虑处于他们内部阶梯的边缘（将忧虑排除在内部之外）。管理者研究所在 1992 年调查，该调查显示百分之八十的管理者认为如果他们获得更多的培训他们个人会更有效，建议，这可能的确如此。

There is, too, the fact that training alone does not make successful managers .  They need the inherent qualifications of character ; a degree of self-subjugation; and, above all, the ability to communicate and lead; more so now, when empowerment is a buzzword that is at least generating genuflections, if not total conviction.

subjugationn.镇压 , 平息 , 征服V.subjugate.征服，制服，使屈服a subjugated race 被征服的民族Her personal ambitions had been subjugated to the needs of her family.他个人的雄心壮志让位给了家庭的需要empowerment [im'pauəmənt Employee empowerment员工授权；员工激励与放权Community Empowerment社区营造；社区培力；社区培力Psychological Empowerment心理授权This is the story of the empowerment of the poet, his empowerment through his experience of a terrible loss. 这讲述的是诗人的力量，他因一次痛苦的失去而获得的力量。

more so now 现在Okay, so now more interestingly, we leave a little gap here, what if the other guy is pricing above costs? 现在更有趣的来了 ,我们这边留一点空白 , 如果对手的定价比成本高呢genuflection [,dʒenju （ : ） 'flekʃən] n. 曲膝；屈从 The genuflection to Beijing occurs just when Japan's relations with America have been strained by a dispute over a military base.日本与美国因军队基地的问题发生口角，关系陷入僵局，日本才情愿卑躬屈膝的来到北京conviction [kən‘vikʃən] n. 定罪；确信；证明有罪 carry conviction使生信心或令人心服spent conviction失效的判决legal conviction法律确信Let me just quote one other passage briefly from the second speech that he gives to the jury after his conviction.

让我简短引用 ,第二场辩论时的另外一段 , 在他被陪审团定罪之后

事实上是培训本身并不能创造成功的管理者。他们需要内在的品质；一定程度的自我征服；尤其是沟通能力和领导能力。现在更是这样，如果他们没有坚定的信念，当授权成为一种时髦的口号时，至少会导致人们对权力的膜拜。

One can easily think of people, some comparatively unlettered, who are now lauded captains of industry.   We may , therefore, not need to be too concerned about the fall in applications for business school places, or even the doubt about MBAs.

comparatively. kəm‘pærətivli] adv. 比较地；相当地 comparatively speaking相对而言Comparatively Prosperous小康comparatively new 比较新comparatively relaxed economic environment 比较宽松的经济环境remain comparatively steady保持相对稳定comparatively essential items相对必要事项First there is the comparatively lowly kind which turns for support to the simple emotions and is of a definitely personal nature. 首先是相对低端的一种 , 只是支撑起简单的情感 , 这是一种明确的人类本性

unlettered [,ʌn‘letəd] adj. 未受教育的；文盲的；无字的；无学问的 unlearned unlettered胸无点墨unlettered untutored未受教育的erudite: unlettered无知的For some reason they had not anticipated so crude and unlettered and yet convinced a figure.为了某种原因，他们并没有想到会碰到一个这么粗俗、这么没有文化，可又是这么坚信的人物。laud [lɔ:d] vt. 赞美；称赞 n. 赞美；称赞；颂歌laud hailer圣歌播放器toa laud喝彩a laud拍手喝彩The most outrageous action in Laud's crackdown was his move to ban -his attempt to ban preaching in churches.

他所做过的最骇人听闻的暴行 , 是企图在教堂里禁止布道训诫行为。

人们很容易想起那些成为企业领导而受到称赞的那些人，他们中那些人相对文化程度不高 。 因此我们不必为申请商校名额的失败而耿耿于怀，或者甚至因此对工商管理学位产生怀疑。

The proliferation and subsequent questioning may have been an inevitable evolution.  If the Management Charter Initiative , now exploring the introduction of a senior management qualification , is successful , there will be a powerful corrective.

proliferation [prəu-,lifə'reiʃən] n. 增殖，扩散；分芽繁殖 nuclear proliferation核扩散Since the 1990s, we've seen a proliferation of new kinds of mortgages that especially are offered to low-income people by certain lenders. 从 20世纪 90 年代 ,我们看到一种新型抵押贷款在快速发展 ,它由特定贷款人向低收入人群发放subsequent [‘sʌbsikwənt] adj. 后来的，随后的 subsequent cut继后的剪草subsequent counter 次顺序计数器And my job as a writer is to stand in for you as a subsequent reader. 作为一名作者，我的职责 , 是站在你们读者的角度上考虑问题。

inevitable [in‘evitəbl] adj. 必然的，不可避免的 Designing inevitable必然的设计inevitable firms迟早一定会成功的公司The civilization of the West, however, was not the result of some inevitable process through which other cultures will automatically pass. 然而 ,西方文明的发展之路 ,并非经历了其他文明必经之途中 , 一些不可避免的发展过程

激增与随后的问题可能已经成为不可避免的发展。如果管理章程积极有效，现在开始引进对高管理质量问题的研究，如果成功的话，这将成为一个强有力的校正（措施）。

We believe now that management is all about change.  One hopes there will be some of that in the relationship between management and science within industry, currently causing concern and which is overdue for attention.  No-one doubts that we need more scientists and innovation to give us an edge in an increasingly competitive world.

overdue [‘əuvə’dju:] adj. 过期的；迟到的；未兑的 overdue interest应收未收利息；欠息； [金融 ]  逾期利息Overdue Payment逾期付款；过期金额； [税收 ]  滞纳金；过期未支付款overdue loan[金融 ]  过期贷款；逾放款；逾期放款；财经He refuses to pay fines when he‘s overdue with books I lend him. 我借给他的书超过了期限 , 他却不肯付罚金。

innovation [,inəu’veiʃən] n. 创新，革新；新方法 value innovation价值创新；创新价值；价值立异institutional innovation 体制创新；制度创新Financial Innovation金融创新；金融立异Actually I mentioned the Term Securities Loan Facility because it's a new innovation but it hasn't started yet. 事实上，我提到术语 , 是因为它是一个 ,新的革新但还没有开始实施。

give an edge 使…占有优势give sb an edge over his competitors使胜过竞争对手Career &Education Services that Give Members an Edge就业及教育服务give an edge to给Give sb. an edge on sb.略胜一筹

They can build cross-cultural bridges and give people an edge in a variety of career fields.外语能力可以建立文化交流的桥梁，并且使人们在不同的专业领域里，佔得优势。

我们觉得管理就是对所有变化而言。人们希望管理与工业科学的关系有些变化在当前会引起关 注并且是延期的关注。毋庸置疑在竞争 日益激烈的社会，我们需要更多的科学家以 及改革措施而使我们处于优势地位。

If scientists feel themselves undervalued and under-used , working in industrial ghettos, that is not a promising augury for the future.  It seems we have to resolve these misapprehensions between science and industry.  

augury ['ɔ:ɡjuri] n. 占卜；预言；预兆 [ 复数 auguries Augury Rock占卜之石Food augury美食占卜术The maritime passage was a good augury for the aerial passage.顺利的航海仿佛也是航空的好预兆。

misapprehension [‘mis,æpri’henʃən] n. 误解；误会 Surpass the misapprehension making fun超搞笑的误会To expose this misapprehension, would be to repeat what has been said in the introductory chapter.要揭穿这一误解，就得重复一下绪论中说过的话。

如果在工业集居区工作，科学家就觉得被低估，自身未被充分利用，而这些不是对未来成功的预兆。所以看起来我们不得不解决科学与企业之间产生的误解了。

Above all , we have to make sure that management is not itself smug about its status and that it does not issue mission statements about communication without realizing that the essence of it is a dialogue.  More empowerment is required - and we should strive to achieve it.

smug [smʌɡ] adj. 自鸣得意的；自以为是的；整洁的 n. 书呆子；自命不凡的家伙[ 比较级 smugger 最高级 smuggest ] smug.洋洋自得图片smug:踌躇满志nifty rakish smug俏皮的AW. WHERE'S THAT SMUG SMILE, DEAN? I WANT TO SEE IT. 啊 那个自以为是的笑容去哪了 Dean?我还想看看呢essence [‘esəns] n. 本质，实质；精华；香精 Soul Essence灵魂本质Whitening Essence优白素；精华液；美白精华素；美白精华液coffee essence咖啡精；咖啡萃cleanser essence洗洁精So the animal may be eaten to satisfy the human hunger for flesh, but the life essence itself belongs to God. 因此，人们可以吃动物，来满足对肉的渴望，但是血属于上帝。

strive to努力 strive hard to attain this goal:维持目标努力strive to do 设法；努力strive to prosper奔小康They didn't strive to reconcile the conflicts, nor should we. 他们没有去调和那些冲突，我们也不应该。

Finally something exclusive to strive for, Something worthy all my pent-up energy and attention. 终于有点时尚的事情来奋斗了，能让我释放压抑的能力和精力。

首先，我们得确保管理本身并 非自 命 不凡，并且在没有意识到交流主旨是对话的情况下，管理自身没有发出关于交流的任务声明。这需要更多的授权，我们应该努力去完成。