the mortality trend in hong kong, 1986 to 2018 1986年至 ...of deaths showed an increasing trend....

香港統計月刊

Hong Kong Monthly Digest of Statistics

2019 年 11 月 November 2019

專題文章 Feature Article

1986 年至 2018 年香港死亡趨勢 The Mortality Trend in Hong Kong, 1986 to 2018

香港統計月刊 2019 年 11 月 Hong Kong Monthly Digest of Statistics November 2019 香港特別行政區政府統計處 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region


死亡趨勢是評估人口健康狀況的其中一個常用指標，分析年齡性別死亡率和死

亡原因亦有助醫療服務的規劃。在香港，男性和女性各個年齡組別的年齡性別死亡率均持續下降，反映隨着醫

療服務的進步，香港居民趨於更長壽。然而，由於人口老化，整體死亡率及死

亡人數卻呈現上升的趨勢。這篇文章簡述 1986 年至 2018 年期間香港的死亡趨勢，並討論主要死亡原因、平均預期壽命和死亡的季節性模式。 Mortality trend is often used as one of the indicators for assessing the state of health of the population. Analysis of age-sex mortality rates and causes of death can also facilitate planning of healthcare services. In Hong Kong, the age-sex specific mortality rates for both genders and all age groups have been decreasing continuously, reflecting that residents of Hong Kong tend to live longer along with advancement in healthcare services. Yet, because of population ageing, the overall mortality rates and the number of deaths showed an increasing trend. This article gives a brief account of the mortality trend in Hong Kong over the period from 1986 to 2018. It also discusses the leading causes of death, the expectation of life and the seasonality of deaths.

如對本文有任何查詢，請聯絡政府統計處人口統計組（電話：(852) 3903 6933；電郵：[email protected]）。

Enquiries on this article may be directed to the Demographic Statistics Section, Census and Statistics Department (Tel. : (852) 3903 6933; E-mail : [email protected]).

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1. 引言 1. Introduction 1.1 死亡趨勢是評估人口健康狀況的其中一個常用指標，分析年齡性別死亡率和死亡原

因亦有助醫療服務的規劃。

1.1 Mortality trend is often used as one of the indicators for assessing the state of health of the population. Analysis of age-sex mortality rates and causes of death can also facilitate planning of healthcare services.

1.2 在香港，男性和女性各個年齡組別的年齡性別死亡率均持續下降，反映隨着醫療服

務的進步，香港居民趨於更長壽。然而，由

於人口老化，整體死亡率及死亡人數卻呈現

上升的趨勢。

1.2 In Hong Kong, the age-sex specific mortality rates for both genders and all age groups have been decreasing continuously, reflecting that residents of Hong Kong tend to live longer along with advancement in healthcare services. Yet, because of population ageing, the overall mortality rates and the number of deaths showed an increasing trend.

1.3 這篇文章簡述 1986 年至 2018 年期間香港的死亡趨勢，並討論主要死亡原因、平

均預期壽命和死亡的季節性模式。

1.3 This article gives a brief account of the mortality trend in Hong Kong over the period from 1986 to 2018. It also discusses the leading causes of death, the expectation of life and the seasonality of deaths.

2. 死亡趨勢 2. Mortality trend 2.1 香港死亡數目從 1986 年的 25 912 人增至 2018 年的 47 400 人。在同期內，粗死亡率（即某 1 年內死亡人數相對該年年中每千名人口的比率）從 1986 年的每千人有 4.7 人死亡，增加至 2018 年的每千人有 6.4 人死亡。雖然粗死亡率是一個簡單及常用的死亡

指標，但卻極受人口的年齡、性別及其他特

徵的變化所影響。（表 1）

2.1 The number of deaths in Hong Kong increased from 25 912 in 1986 to 47 400 in 2018. The crude death rate, which refers to the number of deaths in a given year per thousand mid-year population of that year, increased from 4.7 per 1 000 population in 1986 to 6.4 in 2018 during this period. Though the crude death rate is a simple and common measure of mortality, it is susceptible to changes in the population in respect of age, sex and other characteristics. (Table 1)

2.2 在扣除人口的年齡性別結構的影響後，所計算得的標準化死亡率能更準確地反映死

亡的趨勢。香港的標準化死亡率從 1986 年的每千人有 10.5 人死亡，下跌 43% 至 2018 年的每千人有 6.0 人死亡。（表 1）

2.2 The standardised death rates calculated by discounting the effect of the age-sex structure of the population reflect more accurately the mortality trend. The standardised death rate of Hong Kong dropped by 43% from 10.5 per 1 000 population in 1986 to 6.0 in 2018. (Table 1)

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2.3 不同年齡的死亡率有很大差別。一般而言，出生後第 1 年內的死亡率很高，接着下降至 5 - 9 歲的最低水平，然後慢慢上升至中年，其後則隨年齡增加而上升。要研究死亡

率有否改善，應研究年齡性別死亡率。該比

率是指在某年內某年齡性別組別的死亡人

數，相對在該年年中有關年齡性別組別的人

口。

2.3 Mortality rate varies significantly with age. In general, the mortality rate starts at a high level during the first year of life, falls to a minimum around ages 5 - 9, then increases slowly until mid-life. Thereafter, it rises with the advance of age. The trend of mortality rate improvement can be readily studied with reference to the age-sex specific mortality rates. The rate relates the number of deaths in a given age-sex group occurring in a calendar year to the population at mid-year in that age-sex group.

2.4 在 1986 年至 2018 年期間，初生嬰兒的死亡率的改善最為顯著，男性及女性的死

亡率分別下跌 79% 及 77%。同時，老年人的死亡率亦有一定程度的下跌幅度。（表 2）

2.4 During 1986 to 2018, the greatest improvement in mortality rate was amongst infants, with the mortality rates dropping by 79% and 77% for males and females respectively. Meanwhile, there was a certain degree of decrease in the mortality rates for older persons. (Table 2)

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表 1 1986 年至 2018 年的死亡人數、粗死亡率及標準化死亡率 Table 1 Number of deaths, crude death rate and standardised death rate, 1986 to 2018

年死亡人數粗死亡率標準化死亡率(1)

Year Number of deaths Crude death rate Standardised death rate(1)

（按每千名人口計算） (per 1 000 population)

1986 25 912 4.7 10.5 1987 26 916 4.8 10.6 1988 27 659 4.9 10.6 1989 28 745 5.1 10.7 1990 29 136 5.2 10.8 1991 28 429 5.0 10.1 1992 30 550 5.3 10.6 1993 30 571 5.2 10.2 1994 29 905 5.0 9.5 1995 31 468 5.1 9.4 1996 32 176 5.0 9.2 1997 31 738 4.9 8.9 1998 32 847 5.0 9.0 1999 33 258 5.0 8.9 2000 33 758 5.1 8.7 2001 33 378 5.0 8.1 2002 34 267 5.1 8.0 2003 36 971 5.5 8.4 2004 36 918 5.4 8.1 2005 38 830 5.7 8.2 2006 37 457 5.5 7.5 2007 39 476 5.7 7.6 2008 41 796 6.0 7.8 2009 41 175 5.9 7.3 2010 42 194 6.0 7.3 2011 42 346 6.0 7.0 2012 43 917 6.1 6.9 2013 43 397 6.0 6.6 2014 45 087 6.2 6.6 2015 46 108 6.3 6.5 2016 46 905 6.4 6.4 2017 46 829 6.3 6.2 2018 47 400 6.4 6.0

註釋： (1) 標準化死亡率是根據 2016 年中期人口統計參考時刻的人口年齡及性別分布情況作為標準而計算。

Note : (1) Standardised death rate is computed using the age-sex structure of the population at the reference moment of the 2016 Population By-census as standard.

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表 2 選定年份的年齡性別死亡率 Table 2 Age-sex specific mortality rates in selected years 年齡組別 Age group

1986

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

2016

2018

（每千名人口的死亡人數） (Number of deaths per 1 000 population)

男性 Male

0 7.5 6.2 4.3 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.1 1.6 1 - 4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1

5 - 9 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 - 14 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 - 19 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 20 - 24 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 25 - 29 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.4 30 - 34 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 35 - 39 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.7 40 - 44 2.3 2.2 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 45 - 49 3.6 3.4 2.6 2.7 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 50 - 54 6.7 5.7 4.6 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.1 3.2 55 - 59 10.3 8.9 8.0 7.0 5.6 5.4 5.3 4.7 60 - 64 17.2 15.4 12.8 10.3 9.9 8.6 8.4 7.7 65 - 69 27.4 23.6 21.9 18.0 15.4 15.0 12.7 12.2 70 - 74 42.1 39.7 33.7 30.0 26.8 22.4 21.6 19.3 75 - 79 65.6 60.8 52.8 48.4 44.1 39.0 34.6 34.0 80 - 84 87.6 90.6 89.7 76.9 76.0 69.1 60.3 55.3 85+ 133.7 126.6 127.2 128.8 129.5 129.6 123.0 115.5 所有年齡 All ages

5.1 5.5 5.7 5.8 6.4 7.2 7.7 7.7

女性

Female 0 7.1 6.8 3.5 2.4 2.7 1.8 1.9 1.6

1 - 4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 5 - 9 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

10 - 14 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 - 19 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 20 - 24 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 25 - 29 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 30 - 34 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 35 - 39 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 40 - 44 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 45 - 49 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 50 - 54 3.6 2.9 2.1 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.8 55 - 59 5.2 4.5 3.6 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 60 - 64 8.6 7.3 5.9 4.8 4.4 4.1 4.0 3.7 65 - 69 14.7 13.2 10.6 9.3 6.9 5.9 5.9 5.5 70 - 74 23.8 23.1 18.2 15.5 13.1 10.7 9.6 8.7 75 - 79 40.5 38.2 32.8 26.8 23.8 20.5 17.1 15.5 80 - 84 52.3 62.5 58.3 46.1 43.3 38.2 33.4 31.8 85+ 109.2 113.5 110.4 101.9 98.2 95.9 89.3 83.9 所有年齡 All ages

4.3 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.6 4.9 5.2 5.2

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3. 死亡原因 3. Causes of death 3.1 在 2000 年及以前，疾病及死因分類乃根據「疾病和有關健康問題的國際統計分

類」（ICD）第 9 次修訂本。在 1986 年至2000 年期間，腫瘤、循環系統疾病及呼吸系統疾病是主要的死亡原因。這三種疾病合計

導致的死亡數目約佔 2000 年死亡總數的78%。在 2000 年，死於腫瘤的人數約佔死亡總數的 33%。循環系統疾病約佔 28%，而呼吸系統疾病則約佔 17%，其他死亡的原因只佔所有死亡原因的小部分。（表 3（甲））

3.1 Classification of diseases and causes of death was based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) 9th Revision for 2000 and before. During 1986 to 2000, neoplasms, diseases of the circulatory system and diseases of the respiratory system were the dominant causes of death. These three diseases together accounted for about 78% of all deaths in 2000. In 2000, neoplasms accounted for about 33% of all deaths. Diseases of the circulatory system accounted for about 28% while diseases of the respiratory system accounted for about 17%. The other causes contributed a relatively minor share of all causes. (Table 3(A))

3.2 在 1986 年至 2000 年期間，男性因腫瘤死亡的數目較循環系統疾病多，而循環系

統疾病則仍然是女性死亡的首要原因。在

2000 年，腫瘤及循環系統疾病分別佔男性死亡數目的 36% 及 25%，而女性的相對數字分別是 30% 及 32%。（表 3（甲））

3.2 During 1986 to 2000, neoplasms took a heavier toll than diseases of the circulatory system for males. Diseases of the circulatory system were the leading cause of death for females. In 2000, the percentages of male deaths caused by neoplasms and diseases of the circulatory system were 36% and 25% respectively, and the corresponding percentages of female deaths were 30% and 32% respectively. (Table 3(A))

3.3 由 2001 年起，疾病及死因分類乃根據「疾病和有關健康問題的國際統計分類」第

10 次修訂本。在 2006 年至 2018 年期間，腫瘤、呼吸系統疾病及循環系統疾病仍然是主

要的死亡原因。同期，腫瘤仍然是男性死亡

的首要原因。在 2006 年，循環系統疾病是女性死亡的首要原因。然而，在 2016 年，腫瘤取代循環系統疾病成為女性死亡的首要原

因。在 2018 年，腫瘤、呼吸系統疾病及循環系統疾病分別佔男性死亡數目的 33%、24% 及 20%，而女性的相對數字分別是30%、21% 及 21%。（表 3（乙））

3.3 From 2001 onwards, classification of diseases and causes of death is based on ICD 10th Revision. Neoplasms, diseases of the respiratory system and diseases of the circulatory system were still the main causes of deaths from 2006 to 2018. Neoplasms were still the leading cause of death for males during the period. In 2006, diseases of the circulatory system were the leading cause of death for females. However, in 2016, neoplasms replaced diseases of the circulatory system and became the leading cause of death for females. In 2018, the percentages of male deaths caused by neoplasms, diseases of the respiratory system and diseases of the circulatory system were 33%, 24% and 20% respectively, and the corresponding percentages of female deaths were 30%, 21% and 21%. (Table 3(B))

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表 3（甲） 1986 年、1996 年及 2000 年按死亡原因及性別劃分的死亡人數(1)百分比分布 Table 3(A) Percentage distribution of deaths(1) by cause of death and sex, 1986, 1996 and 2000

1986 1996 2000 死亡原因(2) Cause of death(2)

男性 Male

女性 Female

合計(4) Overall(4)

男性 Male

女性 Female


男性 Male

女性 Female


腫瘤 Neoplasms

34.0 27.3 31.0 34.2 28.8 31.9 36.4 29.5 33.4

循環系統疾病 Diseases of the circulatory system

26.5 32.0 28.9 23.8 29.1 26.1 25.2 31.9 28.1

呼吸系統疾病 Diseases of the respiratory system

16.4 15.1 15.8 21.0 20.3 20.7 17.2 15.7 16.6

損傷及中毒 Injury and poisoning

6.9 5.0 6.1 6.2 3.9 5.2 6.5 4.4 5.6

泌尿生殖系統疾病 Diseases of the genitourinary system

3.6 5.9 4.6 3.1 4.8 3.8 3.4 5.6 4.4

消化系統疾病 Diseases of the digestive system

4.5 3.6 4.1 4.6 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.2

內分泌、營養性和代謝性疾病以及免疫疾患 Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases and immunity disorders

0.8 1.6 1.1 1.2 2.3 1.7 2.0 3.7 2.7

傳染病和寄生蟲病 Infectious and parasitic diseases

3.4 2.5 3.0 2.9 3.7 3.2 2.2 2.0 2.1

症狀、體徵和不明確的情況 Symptoms, signs and ill- defined conditions

1.2 3.7 2.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 0.8 1.1

其他原因 Other causes

2.6 3.3 2.9 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.7 2.1 1.9

總計(3)

Total(3) 100.0

(14 513) 100.0

(11 503) 100.0

(26 030) 100.0

(18 195) 100.0

(13 850) 100.0

(32 049) 100.0

(19 270) 100.0

(14 719) 100.0

(33 993)

註釋：由於四捨五入關係，個別數字加起來可能與總數不符。 Notes : Figures may not add up to total due to rounding. (1) 數字是使用有關時期的登記死亡人數所編製，與本

文內使用所知死亡人數編製同一時期的其他數字可能不同。登記死亡日期是指在死亡登記處辦理死亡登記的日期。有些死亡個案需由死因裁判庭裁定死因後才可進行登記，因此登記死亡日期可能遠較真實死亡的日期遲。

(1) Figures are compiled using registered deaths during the relevant period. They may differ from other figures presented in this article which are compiled using known deaths in the same period. The date of death registration refers to the date when a death is registered at the death registry. Some death cases have to get a verdict by the Coroner’s Court before being registered. As a result, some death registrations may significantly lag behind the dates of death known.

(2) 上表所載的數字乃根據「疾病和有關健康問題的國際統計分類」第 9 次修訂本，因此未必可與本表 B部所載的 2001 年起根據「疾病和有關健康問題的國際統計分類」第 10 次修訂本編製的數字作比較。

(2) Figures presented above are compiled based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) 9th Revision. Hence, they may not be comparable with those for 2001 onwards presented in Part B of this table, which were compiled based on the ICD 10th Revision.

(3) 括號內數字為該年登記死亡人數。 (3) Figures in brackets denote the total number of registered deaths in the year.

(4) 「合計」包括性別不詳的死亡人數。 (4) “Overall” includes deaths of unknown sex.

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表 3（乙） 2006 年、2016 年及 2018 年按死亡原因及性別劃分的死亡人數(1)百分比分布 Table 3(B) Percentage distribution of deaths(1) by cause of death and sex, 2006, 2016 and 2018

2006 2016 2018

死亡原因(2) Cause of death(2)

男性 Male

女性 Female


男性 Male

女性 Female


男性 Male

女性 Female


腫瘤 Neoplasms

35.8 29.3 32.9 33.2 28.7 31.2 33.1 29.5 31.5

呼吸系統疾病 Diseases of the respiratory system

18.7 16.3 17.7 23.4 22.1 22.8 23.5 21.4 22.6

循環系統疾病 Diseases of the circulatory system

23.2 29.4 25.9 20.8 22.5 21.5 20.1 20.8 20.4

泌尿生殖系統疾病 Diseases of the genitourinary system

3.9 6.3 5.0 4.1 5.9 4.9 4.0 5.8 4.8

疾病和死亡的外因(3)

External causes of morbidity and mortality(3) 6.0 4.2 5.2 4.5 3.1 3.9 4.4 3.4 3.9

症狀、體徵和臨床與實驗室異常所見，不可歸類在他處者

Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified

1.8 1.7 1.8 2.5 3.5 3.0 3.0 4.4 3.6

消化系統疾病 Diseases of the digestive system

3.9 4.0 3.9 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.6

精神和行為障礙 Mental and behavioural disorders

0.6 1.1 0.8 2.1 4.0 2.9 1.9 4.5 3.1

某些傳染病和寄生蟲病 Certain infectious and parasitic diseases

2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.0

內分泌、營養和代謝疾病 Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases

1.3 2.0 1.6 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2

神經系統疾病 Diseases of the nervous system

0.7 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9

肌肉骨骼系統和結締組織疾病 Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue

0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4

皮膚和皮下組織疾病 Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

0.5 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4

血液及造血器官疾病和某些涉及免疫機制的疾患 Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism

0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

先天性畸形、變形和染色體異常 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities

0.3 0.3 0.3

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

其他原因 Other causes

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

總計(4)

Total(4) 100.0

(21 001) 100.0

(16 403) 100.0

(37 415) 100.0

(26 002) 100.0

(20 659) 100.0

(46 662) 100.0

(26 389) 100.0

(21 088) 100.0

(47 478)

註釋：由於四捨五入關係，個別數字加起來可能與總數不符。 Notes : Figures may not add up to total due to rounding. (1) 數字是使用有關時期的登記死亡人數所編製，與本

文內使用所知死亡人數編製同一時期的其他數字可能不同。

(1) Figures are compiled using registered deaths during the relevant period. They may differ from other figures presented in this article which are compiled using known deaths in the same period.

(2) 上表所載的數字乃根據「疾病和有關健康問題的國際統計分類」第 10 次修訂本，因此未必可與本表A 部所載的 2000 年及以前根據「疾病和有關健康問題的國際統計分類」第 9 次修訂本編製的數字作比較。

(2) Figures presented above are compiled based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) 10th Revision. Hence, they may not be comparable with figures for 2000 and before presented in Part A of this table, which were compiled based on the ICD 9th Revision.

(3) 根據「疾病和有關健康問題的國際統計分類」第 10次修訂本，死亡個案的死因若屬於第 19 章「損傷、中毒和外因的某些其他後果」，則應以第 20章「疾病和死亡的外因」作分類。

(3) According to the ICD 10th Revision, when the morbid condition is classifiable under Chapter XIX as “Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes”, the codes under Chapter XX for “External causes of morbidity and mortality” should be used as the primary cause of death.

(4) 括號內數字為該年登記死亡人數。 (4) Figures in brackets denote the total number of registered deaths in the year.

(5) 「合計」包括性別不詳的死亡人數。 (5) “Overall” includes deaths of unknown sex.

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4. 平均預期壽命 4. Expectation of life 4.1 平均預期壽命是一項有用的指標，以供描述及比較指定年齡的人口的死亡情況。出

生時平均預期壽命是指某年出生的人士，若

其一生經歷一如該年的年齡性別死亡率所反

映的死亡情況時，預期他／她能活的年數。

4.1 Expectation of life is a useful measure to describe and compare mortality conditions at specific ages. The expectation of life at birth defines the number of years of life that a person born in a given year is expected to live if he/she was subject to the prevalent mortality conditions as reflected by the set of age-sex specific mortality rates for that year.

4.2 在 1986 年，男性出生時的平均預期壽命為 74.1 年，而女性則為 79.4 年。2018 年男性及女性的相應數字分別增至 82.3 年及87.7 年，顯示在這期間的死亡率大幅改善。（表 4）

4.2 In 1986, the expectations of life at birth for males was 74.1 years and that for females was 79.4 years. By 2018, the corresponding figures for males and females increased to 82.3 years and 87.7 years respectively, indicating a substantial improvement in mortality rate over the period. (Table 4)

表 4 選定年份及年齡按性別劃分的平均預期壽命 Table 4 Expectation of life at selected ages by sex in selected years

年齡

年 Year

增長（按年數計） Increase (in number of years)

Age 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2018 1986–2018 男性 Male

0 74.1 75.2 76.7 78.4 79.4 80.3 81.3 82.3 8.2 20 55.0 56.0 57.4 58.8 59.8 60.6 61.6 62.6 7.6 40 35.7 36.7 38.2 39.6 40.4 41.2 42.2 43.1 7.4 60 18.5 19.3 20.4 21.7 22.2 23.0 23.9 24.8 6.3 80 6.6 7.0 7.6 8.4 8.3 8.7 9.4 10.3 3.7

女性 Female

0 79.4 80.7 82.7 84.6 85.5 86.7 87.3 87.7 8.2 20 60.4 61.5 63.2 65.0 65.9 67.0 67.6 67.9 7.6 40 40.9 41.9 43.7 45.4 46.2 47.3 47.9 48.2 7.3 60 22.6 23.4 24.9 26.6 27.3 28.4 29.0 29.3 6.7 80 8.3 8.9 9.8 11.0 11.2 11.9 12.3 12.3 4.0

差距（女性 – 男性） Difference (Female – Male)

0 5.4 5.5 5.9 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.0 5.4 – 20 5.4 5.5 5.8 6.2 6.1 6.4 6.0 5.4 – 40 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.8 5.8 6.1 5.7 5.1 – 60 4.1 4.2 4.5 4.9 5.1 5.4 5.1 4.5 – 80 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.9 3.3 2.9 2.0 –

註釋： – 不適用。 Note : – Not applicable. 4.3 與其他經濟體比較，香港的死亡率很低。香港男性及女性的出生時平均預期壽命

是已發展經濟體中的最長之一。（表 5）

4.3 Compared with other economies, Hong Kong enjoys very low mortality rates. The expectations of life at birth for both sexes in Hong Kong are among the longest in developed economies. (Table 5)

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表 5 1986 年至 2018 年香港及選定經濟體的出生時平均預期壽命 Table 5 Expectation of life at birth for Hong Kong and selected economies, 1986 to 2018

經濟體 Economy 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2017 2018 男性 Male

香港 Hong Kong 74.1 75.2 76.7 78.4 79.4 80.3 81.3 81.9 82.3 日本 Japan 75.2 76.1 77.0 78.1 79.0 79.4 81.0 81.1 81.3 新加坡 Singapore 72.1 73.5 74.4 76.3 77.8 79.5 80.7 80.7 81.0# 澳洲 Australia 72.8 74.4 75.2 77.0 78.7 79.7 80.4 80.5 n.a. 丹麥 Denmark 71.6 72.2 72.9 74.5 75.9 77.3 78.8 79.0 79.0 法國 France 71.5 72.9 74.1 75.4 77.1 78.4 79.3# 79.4# 79.4# 德國(1) Germany(1) – 72.9 73.6 75.4 76.9 77.7 78.4 n.a. n.a. 荷蘭 Netherlands 73.1 74.0 74.7 75.8 77.6 79.2 79.9 80.1 80.2 挪威 Norway 72.9 74.0 75.4 76.2 78.1 79.0 80.6 80.9 81.0 瑞典 Sweden 74.0 74.9 76.5 77.5 78.7 79.8 80.6 80.7 80.8 英國 United Kingdom 71.7 72.9 74.1 75.3 76.9 78.4 79.2 79.2 79.3 美國 United States

of America 71.2 72.0 73.1 74.3 75.2 76.3 76.2 76.1 n.a.

女性 Female


of America 78.2 78.9 79.1 79.5 80.3 81.1 81.1 81.1 n.a.

差距（女性 – 男性） Difference (Female – Male)


of America 7.0 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.1 4.8 4.9 5.0 n.a.

註釋： (1) 東德與西德在 1990 年 10 月合併為一個國

家。 Notes: (1) German Democratic Republic (East Germany) and the

Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) united to form one state in October 1990.

– 不適用。 – Not applicable. n.a. 沒有數字。 n.a. Not available. # 臨時數字。 # Provisional figures.

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5. 死亡的季節性 5. Seasonality of deaths 5.1 死亡的發生有強烈的季節性。一般而言，在冬季月份的死亡數字較高，這明顯與天

氣冷而導致較多死亡有關。在 12 月至 4 月的死亡數字，會比在較暖的月份（即 5 月至11 月）的數字為高。（表 6）

5.1 There is pronounced seasonality in the incidence of deaths. In general, mortality is far greater in the winter months when the cold weather apparently takes its toll on life. In the months of December through April, the number of deaths is higher than that in the warmer months of May through November. (Table 6)

表 6 選定年份按月及年的死亡人數 Table 6 Monthly and yearly incidence of deaths in selected years

死亡人數

Number of deaths 季節性指數(1)

Seasonal index(1)

月份 Month 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2018

月份 Month

1981–1991

1986–2018

1 2 502 2 529 2 928 2 984 3 558 4 522 4 316 4 607 1 11 116

2 2 176 2 379 2 915 2 830 3 075 3 970 4 699 4 660 2 10 107 3 2 555 2 528 3 242 2 870 3 286 3 866 4 589 4 264 3 11 111

4 2 182 2 337 2 926 2 763 3 023 3 658 4 067 3 862 4 10 101 5 2 177 2 371 2 720 2 773 3 067 3 327 3 996 3 738 5 98 98 6 1 953 2 178 2 424 2 598 3 003 3 165 3 471 3 551 6 92 93

7 2 080 2 313 2 661 2 695 3 127 3 120 3 606 3 608 7 97 96 8 2 066 2 386 2 428 2 732 2 975 3 245 3 535 3 714 8 94 93 9 1 842 2 156 2 262 2 581 2 909 3 150 3 375 3 478 9 87 89

10 1 985 2 271 2 372 2 740 2 925 3 348 3 602 3 844 10 92 93 11 2 035 2 459 2 408 2 721 3 006 3 203 3 643 3 783 11 94 93 12 2 359 2 522 2 890 3 091 3 503 3 772 4 006 4 291 12 11 109

1 - 12 25 912 28 429 32 176 33 378 37 457 42 346 46 905 47 400 平均值 Average

10 100

註釋： (1) 指數是應用「X-12 自迴歸–求和–移動平均」(X-12 ARIMA)方法編製，顯示死亡人數在有關期間內的每月季節性指數的平均值。期間

內的季節性指數的平均值為 100，數值超過100 的季節性指數表示該月份的死亡人數較平均為多，而數值低於 100 的季節性指數表示該月份的死亡人數較平均為少。

Note : (1) The index is compiled using “X-12 ARIMA” method. It shows the average monthly seasonal index for the number of deaths within the relevant period. The average seasonal index for the period is 100. A seasonal index above 100 means the number of deaths for that month is more than the average, whereas a seasonal index below 100 means the number of deaths for that month is less than the average.

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專題文章1986年至2018年香港死亡趨勢

Feature ArticleThe Mortality Trend in Hong Kong, 1986 to 2018

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