The Middle PassageThe Middle Passage

African Slavery in the African Slavery in the AmericasAmericas

One of a handful of pictures One of a handful of pictures of slavery in Americaof slavery in America

What emotions does this photo provoke?

Humans for saleHumans for sale

Why advertise that half the slaves have had smallpox?(see bottom)

Background FactsBackground Facts Trade spanned 400 yearsTrade spanned 400 years

– 1515thth-19-19thth Century Century First enslaved Africans arrive in Virginia in First enslaved Africans arrive in Virginia in

16191619 Estimated 25-30 million Africans forcibly Estimated 25-30 million Africans forcibly

taken from West Africataken from West Africa– To North America, South America, CaribbeanTo North America, South America, Caribbean

England, Portugal, Spain , France traded England, Portugal, Spain , France traded AfricansAfricans

WhyWhy

Colonies needed laborColonies needed labor Native American first used Native American first used

– died off due to disease, maltreatment died off due to disease, maltreatment ran awayran away

– Europeans turned to Africans Europeans turned to Africans Some of First Africans Indentured Some of First Africans Indentured

ServantsServants– After few years, freedAfter few years, freed

Indentured ServantsIndentured Servants

Passage to new world in exchange Passage to new world in exchange for limited servitude (slave labor)for limited servitude (slave labor)

First enslaved Africans 1619First enslaved Africans 1619– VirginiaVirginia– Eventually became freeEventually became free

Triangular TradeTriangular Trade

Trading ProcessTrading Process– Goods and humans exchanged across Goods and humans exchanged across

the Atlantic Oceanthe Atlantic Ocean

Middle PassageMiddle Passage

Described trade of AfricansDescribed trade of Africans 1 to 5 months1 to 5 months Captured and sold by fellow AfricansCaptured and sold by fellow Africans Slave forts on Western AfricaSlave forts on Western Africa Branded for identificationBranded for identification Loaded onto slave shipsLoaded onto slave ships

Unspeakable CrueltyUnspeakable Cruelty

Packed in cargo holdPacked in cargo hold– Up to 700 Africans a shipUp to 700 Africans a ship

Slaves chained together at legSlaves chained together at leg Food scarce, malnourishedFood scarce, malnourished Death rate very high Death rate very high

– Disease, malnutrition, suicideDisease, malnutrition, suicide

Slave Trade PerspectivesSlave Trade Perspectives DirectionsDirections

1. Each person read a different perspective and then 1. Each person read a different perspective and then tradetrade– Slave traders in AfricaSlave traders in Africa– Trading outpostsTrading outposts– Captains of shipsCaptains of ships– Slave traders in AmericaSlave traders in America– From Africa to AmericaFrom Africa to America

Write 5 facts from each article Write 5 facts from each article

2. Share and discuss/ jot down main notes 2. Share and discuss/ jot down main notes

3. Summarize… Compare the perspective of the slaves 3. Summarize… Compare the perspective of the slaves and slave tradersand slave traders