the middle ages - grosse pointe public schools...of the middle ages because nation-states...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Middle Ages
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Ancient World (Greece and Rome)
B.C. – 500 A.D.
Ends with fall of Rome
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Middle Ages Medieval Ages
Dark Ages
500 - 1500
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Modern World 1500 – Today
Begins with discovery
of New World
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Christopher Columbus
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The CHURCH
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The Roman Empire
had ruled over a large
part of the known
world.
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Europe
Asia
Africa
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lAqU0ZrVUTI&feature=related&safety_mode=true&p
ersist_safety_mode=1&safe=active 3 min Horrible Histories - Rome
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When their empire fell
apart there was no
longer a single ruler.
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Europe broke into
many small kingdoms
with their own
governments ruled by
kings.
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The Christian Church
became very
important.
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The church gained
influence and power
and became very
controlling. They even
had political power.
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The head of the
Christian Church was
the Pope.
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He ordered the start
of religious wars
against the Muslims.
These wars were
called Crusades.
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The Crusades were
meant to take over the
Holy Land (where
Jesus was born) from
the Muslims. This is
Israel today.
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There were eight
Crusades and they
were all
UNsuccessful.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TooOJGKlGc 5 min Horrible
histories Old Crone crusades
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These Crusades
exposed the
Europeans to new
ideas and products
from Asia.
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FEUDALISM
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In the small kingdoms
of Europe most of the
land was owned by
kings.
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The kings gave some
land called a fief to
nobles who were born
wealthy and powerful.
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The nobles gave land
to knights
(mounted warriors)
in exchange for
protection.
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This exchange of land
for military service
was called feudalism
or the feudal system.
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Some knights owed service to more than
one noble. Sometimes those
nobles would go to war causing confusion.
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The knights were
needed for protection
against the invading
Vikings from the north
and other invaders.
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Training to be a knight
started as a page, a
boy born of noble
birth who practiced to
be a knight at age 7.
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At age 14, a page
became a squire who
served a knight.
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He helped a knight
with his armor and
learned the skills by
watching his master.
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At age 21 a squire
became a knight if he
mastered the skills
necessary.
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To practice their
skills, knights
participated in
contests called jousts.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hVY3gdqxvB0&safety_mode=true&persist_sa
fety_mode=1&safe=active Jousting 2 min
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Two knights rode at
each other with a
lance trying to
unhorse each other.
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Knights also
practiced chivalry.
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This was a code of
conduct where
knights were to be…
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brave, loyal, truthful,
generous, courteous,
gracious, kind to the
poor, kind to the weak
and to all women,
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and protector of the
church.
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The MANOR SYSTEM
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The manor system
controlled most
economic activity in
Europe.
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A manor was a large
estate (land) owned
by a noble or knight.
A noble might own
many manors and
travel between them.
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A manor included a
large house or castle,
fields for crops, a village
for homes, often a
church, pastures for
the animals, shops and
mills.
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The owner of the
manor (lord) gave
workers a place to
live, a small piece of
land to grow their own
crops,
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but most of the food
went to the lord of the
manor.
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The workers were
either peasant (free
farmers), or serfs who
were not free.
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The serfs were
tied to the land.
(Owned as part of the land.)
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Castles were built for
protection.
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Often they had a moat
(water) surrounding
the castle with a
drawbridge over it.
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As trade increased,
larger cities started to
develop, and the
manor system
became less
important.
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JUSTICE IN
MEDIEVAL SOCIETY
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There were several
ways to prove your
innocence:
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Trial by Combat – You
fought your accuser.
If you won you were
innocent, if you were
killed you were guilty.
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Trial by Ordeal – Put
your hand in fire or
into boiling water. If
your wounds healed
without infection you
were innocent.
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You might be tied up
and thrown into a
lake. If you floated
right away you were
guilty. If you sank you
were innocent.
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CHANGES
IN
MEDIEVAL
SOCIETY
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The king of England
became very powerful.
King John believed the
king had the right to do
whatever he wanted.
This angered the
nobles of England.
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In 1215, the nobles
forced King John to
sign the Magna Carta.
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This document made
the written law the
supreme power, NOT
the king. The king
now had to obey the
law.
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The Magna Carta was
the first step to
democracy. The USA
modeled its
Constitution after the
Magna Carta.
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Magna Carta Constitution
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The nobles became
the Parliament
(congress) of England
today.
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The BLACK DEATH
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In 1347 a disease
called the Black Death
swept through
Europe.
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It was a series of
plagues called the
bubonic plague.
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The disease was caused by fleas and rats. The fleas got it
from the rats and then passed it on to
humans. It spread quickly.
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It was called the Black
Death because it
caused black blotches
on the skin.
Warning!!!!
Gross pictures next slide
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Doctors wore these masks which had long
beaks containing antiseptic, strong-
smelling liquids, which they believed would
protect them from contracting the plague
themselves.
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Up to 1/3 of the
people of Europe died
from this disease.
75 Million people died.
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THE END OF
FEUDALISM
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1337 -1453:
The 100 Years War
fought between
France and England.
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Joan of Arc was a 16
year old girl who led
French troops into
battle.
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She was captured and
executed but inspired
the French on to
victory over England.
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This began the ending
of the Middle Ages
because nation-states
(countries) began to
develop.
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These were ruled by a
single government
and eliminated the
need for Feudalism.
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New weapons also
developed like
cannons which
knocked down castle
walls.
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Crossbows could
pierce knight’s armor,
and longbows could
shoot more quickly.
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This made castles and
knights less
important.