THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION

1910-1920

WHY? The seeds of the Mexican Revolution were

planted in the soil of economic growth in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

The uneven distribution of wealth, uneven distribution of land, tied together into the formation of a society ruled by the elite, and paid for by the work of the peasant class.

1810-1821 WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE MEXICO OVERTHROWS SPAIN 1821-PLAN OF IGUALA PROMISES

EQUALITY FOR CITIZENS AND PROTECTS THE PRIVILEGES OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH.

Colonial rule & independence Ancient Amerindian civilizations 3 centuries of Spanish rule war of independence 1810 - 1821

1824 CONSTITUTION THAT ESTABLISHES

MEXICO AS A REPUBLIC WITH A FEDERAL SYSTEM.

1836- TEXAS REPUBLIC BECOMES INDEPENDENT.

1846-1848- MEXICAN WAR WITH U.S.- MEXICO LOSES HALF OF TERRITORY

War between Mexico & U.S. US invaded in 1847

Mexico City was occupied Mexican lost most of its territory

1854-1861-WAR OF REFORM BENITO JUÁREZ AND OTHER

LIBERALS OVERTHROW SANTA ANNA (REVOLUTION OF AYUTLA)

1857- CONSTITUTION DRAFTED – FEDERAL SYSTEM-UNICAMERAL LEGISLATURE- DENOUNCED BY CONSERVATIVES. THIS LEADS TO CIVIL WAR.

LIBERALS WIN THE WAR-1861 BENITO JUÁREZ – ZAPOTEC INDIAN

FROM OAXACA- PRESIDENT. CONSERVATIVES FLEE (MANY TO

EUROPE) MEXICO IN TERRIBLE DEBT. JUÁREZ

DECLARES A 2 YEAR MORATORIUM ON FOREIGN DEBTS UNTIL COUNTRY COULD GET ON ITS FEET.

SPANISH/ FRENCH/ BRITISH SEND ARMIES IN DECEMBER 1861-

TAKE CONTROL OF VERACRUZ- FOR DEBT COLLECTION.

BRITISH AND SPANISH WITHDRAW WHEN JUAREZ CONVINCES THEM OF HIS INTENTIONS TO PAY.

FRENCH STAY…

NAPOLEION II-FRENCH INTERVENTION WANTS TO ESTABLISH EMPIRE 30,000 FRENCH TROOPS ENTER

MEXICO CITY ARCHDUKE MAXIMILIAN SET UP AS

EMPEROR (HAPSBURG) MAXIMILLAN WAS MORE LIBERAL

THAN CONSERVATIVE

1866-RESTORED REPUBLIC FRANCE WITHDRAWS TROOPS MAXIMILIAN EXECUTED JUAREZ REGAINS POWER INSTITUTION OF MANY REFORMS IN

FISCAL POLICIES AND EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM.

JUAREZ REELECTED IN 1872-THEN DIES.

LERDO DE TEJADA 1872-1876 TRIES TO IMPOSE HIMSELF FOR

ANOTHER TERM OVERTHROWN BY PORIFIRO DIAZ

In 1876…PORFIRIATO PORFIRIO DIAZ CAME TO POWER IN

MEXICO. HE WOULD RULE UNTIL 1911. HE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ECONOMIC

GROWTH, INDUSTRIALIZATION, MODERNIZATION…AND LITTLE REGARD FOR HUMAN RIGHTS.

ORDER FOLLOWED BY PROGRESS DIAZ, ALTHOUGH CLAIMING TO

BELIEVE IN THE “NO CONSECUTIVE TERM” RULE CONTAINED IN THE CONSTITUTION, ONLY RELINQUISHED HIS RULE ONE TIME, AFTER HIS FIRST YEARS IN OFFICE. FROM THEN ON HE MANIPULATED EVERY ELECTION---FOR THE GOOD OF MEXICO.

PORFORIO MEXICO SAW GREAT GAINS IN

INFRASTRUCTURE, AND INDUSTRY, AND FOREIGN INVESTMENT, PARTICULARLY BY THE U.S.

NO FREEDDOM OF THE PRESS LAND , WEALTH, AND ACCESS TO

EDUCATION WAS LIMITED TO A SMALL GROUP OF ELITE.

DIAZ In 1908, Diaz gave an interview to James Creelman,

in which ha stated that Mexico was ready for democracy. He said he would step down and allow others to compete for the presidency.

He changed his mind, however, when the possibility of a new leader seemed to cause disruption.

He ran again in 1910- and was sure he could control the results as in the past.

FRANCISCO I. MADERO EDUCATED IN EUROPE AND THE

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DECIDED TO RUN AGAINST MADERO. SIMILAR IN IDEOLOGY- BUT WANTED

MORE POWER FOR THE ELITE IN POLITICS.

DIAZ AGAIN WHEN DIAZ REALIZED THE GROWING

POPULARITY OF MADERO, HE HAD MADERO JAILED ON CHARGES OF CONSPIRACY TO OVERTHROW THE GOVERNMENT

ELECTION DAY- MADERO WAS IN JAIL DIAZ WON…

BEGINNING OF REVOLUTION MADERO RELEASED- WENT TO U.S. OCTOBER 5, 1910- ISSUES A LETTER

FROM JAIL PLAN DE SAN LUIS POTOSÍ- CALLING

FOR “FREE SUFFRAGE AND NO RE-ELECTION”

CALLED THE DIAZ REGIME ILLEGAL-CALLED FOR REVOLT- NOVEMBER 20

MADERO MADE VAGUE PROMISES OF AGRARIAN REFORM

HE RECEIVED SUPPORT OF PEASANT CLASS

HIS OWN ARMY- WITH SUPPORT OF THE INDIANS HAD SOME SUCCESS AGAINST THE DÍAZ ARMY.

OTHER REVOLUTIONARIES JOINED.

PASCUAL OROZCO/ ABRAHAM GONZÁLEZ FORMED A MILITARY ALLIANCE IN

THE NORTH. OTHER ALLIANCES FORMED…

PANCHO VILLA in the North Doroteo Arango Arámbula – BETTER KNOWN

AS FRANCISCO “PANCHO” VILLA As commander of the División del Norte (Division

of the North), he was the veritable caudillo of the Northern Mexican state of Chihuahua, which, due to its size, mineral wealth and proximity to the United States of America gave him great popularity.

He was provisional Governor of Chihuahua in 1913 and 1914.

VILLISTAS VILLA AND HIS SUPPORTERS USED

PROPAGANDA/ INTIMIDATION (FIRING SQUADS)

SEIZED HACIENDA LAND AND DISTRIBUTED IT TO THE POOR/ SOLDIERS

ROBBED TRAINS/ PRINTED FAKE MONEY

THE CENTAURO OF THE NORTH VILLA’S GROUP MOVED FAST- USING

TRAINS/ AND AN ELITE CAVALRY UNIT LOS DORADOS (THE GOLDEN ONES)

AS A “COLORFUL” FIGURE, VILLA CAPTURED THE EYE OF THE MEDIA AND DEVELOPED AN ALMOST CULT FOLLOWING

VILLA AND OROZCO WON CONTROL OF CUIDAD JUAREZ-

BORDERING THE RIO GRANDE MAY 21, 1911 TREATY OF CUIDAD JUÁREZ

EMILIO ZAPATA in the South STATE OF MORELOS Born August 8, 1879, in Anenecuilco, Morelos. Was

a mediero (sharecropper) and horse trainer. Conscripted into the army for seven years attaining the rank of sergeant. As president of the village council, he campaigned for the restoration of village lands confiscated by hacendados. His slogan was "Tierra Y Libertad." Zapata sided with Madero. .

¡Tierra y Libertad! Between 1910 and 1919, Zapata continued his

fight for land and liberty, rebelling against anyone who interfered with his Plan of Ayala which called for the seizure of all foreign owned land, all land taken from villages, confiscation of one-third of all land held by "friendly" hacendados and full confiscation of land owned by persons opposed to the Plan of Ayala.

HUERTA

VENUSTIANO CARRANZA AS PRESIDENT, HE ORGANIZED THE

CONVENTION THAT WROTE THE CONSTITUTION OF 1917 THAT IS STILL IN PLACE TODAY.

EJIDO- AGRARIAN LAND COOPERATIVE REFORM- REDISTRIBUTION OF LAND – FROM WEALTHY TO THE PEASANTS

PRI PARTY –DOMINANT PARTY FOR 71 YEARS UNTIL VICENTE FOX OF THE PAN PARTY WAS ELECTED.

VOCABULARY CAUDILLO- CHARISMATIC POPULIST

LEADER, WARLORD, TOTALITARIAN RULER (DEMAGOGUE)