the meninges
DESCRIPTION
The Meninges. Dura mater - outermost layer Arachnoid mater - no blood vessels, in between layer (resembles a spider web) Pia mater -inner membrane, contains nerves and blood vessels to nourish cells . CSF - cerebrospinal fluid. Figure 13.25a. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Meninges
Dura mater - outermost layer
Arachnoid mater - no blood vessels, in between layer (resembles a spider web)
Pia mater -inner membrane, contains nerves and blood vessels to nourish cells
![Page 2: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Figure 13.25a
CSF - cerebrospinal fluid
![Page 3: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Dura mater is being peeled away in this photo.
![Page 4: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Subdural Hematoma
![Page 5: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Natgeo Brain Surgery Video - removal of tumorhttp://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/science/health-human-body-sci/human-body/brain-tumor-sci/
CNN Video Showing cognitive tasks during brain surgery as a tumor is removed.
![Page 7: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Spinal Cordpasses down the vertebral canal, has 31 segments (each with a pair of spinal nerves)
Cervical enlargement = supplies nerves to upper limbs (neck)
Lumbar enlargement = supplies nerves to the lower limbs (lower back)FUNCTION: conducting nerve impulses, serves as a center for spinal reflexes
![Page 8: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
ASCENDING - impulses travel to the brain (sensory)
DESCENDING - impulses travel to the muscles (motor)
![Page 9: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Spinal reflexes - reflex arcs pass through the spinal cord
![Page 10: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
THE BRAIN
•ANATOMICAL REGIONS oCerebrumoCerebellumoBrain Stem
![Page 11: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
CEREBELLUM
•Balance and coordination
![Page 12: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
CEREBRUM - wrinkly large part of the brain, largest area in humans, higher mental function
![Page 13: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Brain Stem - regulates visceral functions (autonomic system)
![Page 14: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
1. Cerebral Hemispheres - left and right side separated by the ....
Corpus Callosum - connects the two hemispheres
![Page 15: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Cerebral Hemispheres
Figure 13.7b, c
![Page 16: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
3. Convolutions of the Brain
- the wrinkles and grooves of the cerebrum
Fissures = deep groove
Sulcus = shallow groove
Gyrus = bump
![Page 17: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
4. Fissures – separate lobes
Longitudinal fissure - separate right and left sides
![Page 18: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Lobes of the Brain (general functions)
5. Frontal – reasoning, thinking, language
6. Parietal – touch, pain, relation of body parts (somatosensory) 7. Temporal Lobe – hearing
8. Occipital – vision
![Page 20: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Figure 13.7a
LOBES OF THE BRAIN (CEREBRUM)
Sulcus = grooveGyrus = raised bump
Fissure = deep groove
![Page 21: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
9. Cerebral Cortex - thin layer of gray matter that is the outermost portion of cerebrum (the part with all the wrinkles)
![Page 22: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Functional and Structural Areas of the Cerebral Cortex
Figure 13.11a
![Page 23: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
11. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) - fluid that protects and supports
brain
Figure 13.27b
![Page 24: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
FUNCTIONAL REGIONS
•A. MOTOR AREAS•B. SENSORY AREAS •C. ASSOCIATION
![Page 25: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
12. Motor Areas
- controls voluntary movements- the right side of the brain generally controls the left side of the body-also has Broca's Area (speech)
![Page 26: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
13. Sensory Area
- involved in feelings and sensations (visual, auditory, smell, touch, taste)
![Page 27: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
14. Association Areas
- higher levels of thinking, interpreting and analyzing information
![Page 28: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
BRAIN STEM
Consists of three parts:
-MIDBRAIN-PONS-MEDULLA OBLONGATA
![Page 29: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
5. Midbrain – visual reflexes, eye movements6. Pons - relay sensory information7. Medulla – heart, respiration, blood pressure
Cerebellum - balance,
coordination
![Page 31: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
9. HIPPOCAMPUS
•Memory is controlled by the HIPPOCAMPUS (“sea horse”; that’s its shape). The hippocampus plays a major role in memories.
![Page 32: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: The Meninges](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681671e550346895ddb9c2b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
How important are your memories?
If you were involved in a traumatic event, such as a rape or a terrorist attack, would you take a pill that would make it so that you did not remember the event? http://psychcentral.com/news/2011/05/27/drug-metyrapone-to-erase-bad-memories/26532.html