the mechanisms of enzyme function and inhibition (1)
TRANSCRIPT
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THE MECHANISMS OF ENZYME FUNCTION AND INHIBITION
GROUP 2
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GROUP MEMBERS• Phan Duc Anh • Nguyen Hien Huy Hoang• Vu Thi My Linh• Nguyen Pham Thang Long• Nguyen Duc Thanh• Nguyen Thi Bao Tran• Nguyen Quynh An Trang• Nguyen Vu Hoang Uyen
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CONTENTS• INTRODUCTION•MECHANISM OF ENZYME FUNCTION•MECHANISM OF ENZYME INHIBITION•CONCLUSION•REFERENCES
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INTRODUCTION• Enzymes are proteins, they work as biological
catalysts.
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INTRODUCTION• The function of enzymes is to accelerate the
rate of reactions. • Enzymes are not consumed by the reaction.
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INTRODUCTION• Enzyme inhibitors are used to prevent enzymes
from working. When Enzyme cofactors required for some enzymes to work.• Applying these
knowledge to make poisons or therapeutic substances.
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MECHANISM OF ENZYME FUNCTION
• There are several types of catalytic mechanisms of enzyme.
Acid – base catalysis Covalent catalysis Metal ion catalysis Catalysis by approximation
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MECHANISM OF ENZYME FUNCTION
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Lock and key model
Induced-fit model
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MECHANISM OF ENZYME INHIBITION
• Non-specific • Specific Irreversible
Group-specific Affinity label Suicide
Reversible Competitive Non-competitive Uncompetitive
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MECHANISM OF ENZYME INHIBITION
• Non-specific: any physical (temperature) or chemical (acid and base) changes. Denature the enzymes
• Non-specific inhibitors affect all kind of enzymes in the same way.
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MECHANISM OF ENZYME INHIBITION
• Irreversible: Inhibitors bind (covalently or non-covalently) to the enzyme so tightly permanently block the enzyme’s activity.
• The binding site could be at, near, or remote from the active site.
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IRREVERSIBLE
INHIBITORS
Suicide
Affinity label
Group- specific
reagents react with specific side chains of amino acids
are molecules that are structurally similar to the
substrate for an enzyme and that covalently bind to
active-site residues
get activated upon binding with the active site of
specific enzyme by a few steps of the biochemical reaction with no product
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MECHANISM OF ENZYME INHIBITION
• Competitive inhibitors: The inhibitor competes with the substrate for the same active site.
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MECHANISM OF ENZYME INHIBITION
• Non-competitive inhibitors: A noncompetitive inhibitor is a substance that interacts with the enzyme OR enzyme-substrate complex.
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MECHANISM OF ENZYME INHIBITION
• Un-competitive inhibitors: un-competitive inhibitors just ONLY bind to the enzyme-substrate complex.
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CONCLUSION• Enzymes are biological catalysts which are proteins
• Functions of enzymes are to increase the reaction rate
• Inhibitors could be just to impair the function of enzymes
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REFERENCES• Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer and Gregory
J. Gatto, Jr. Biochemistry. 7th edition. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 2012.
• Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet and Charlotte W. Pratt. Fundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecular Level, 3th edition. The United State of America: KendallVille, 2008
• Geoffrey M. Cooper. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 2nd edition. Sinauer Associates, 2000
• Enzyme, Wikipedia. 2013http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme (Accessed 06-Oct-2013)• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9921/