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The Man Who Named the CloudsLuke Howard was born in England in 1772. As a boy he wondered about the weather and dreamed about the clouds. His interest in weather and clouds stayed with him when he grew up and became a chemist. He developed a system to classify clouds that is still used today.

ActivityCloud Cover Ask your family to help you take pictures of clouds. Put these in a scrapbook and try to get examples of the three main types of clouds: cumulus, cirrus, and stratus.

Summary

Name

Cause and EffectA cause is why something happens. An effect is what happens. Sometimes a cause has more than one effect. To find an effect, ask yourself, “What happened?” To find a cause, ask yourself, “Why did it happen?”

Activity

If and Because Make up an “if” sentence that contains a cause and an effect. For example: If I stumbled with a full glass of milk, the milk would spill on the floor. Have a family member add to the story with a “because” sentence that uses the effect from your sentence. For example: Because the milk spilled on the floor, Mark got out the mop. Keep adding to the story, switching between “if” and “because” sentences.

Comprehension Skill

DVD•124 Family Times

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Words to KnowKnowing the meaning of these words is important to reading The Man Who Named the Clouds. Practice using these words.

Vocabulary Wordsapprentice a person who works with an expert to learn a job

atmosphere gas that surrounds Earth; the air in a certain place

chemical a substance formed by other substances acting on each other

club a heavy stick; a group of people with a common interest

essay a short piece of writing that gives the writer’s ideas about a certain subject

manufacturing making goods by hand or with machines

pressure the force of one thing pressing against another

scales tool to measure; one of the hard pieces that covers animals such as fish

Lesson Vocabulary

Action and Linking VerbsVerbs are words that tell what the subject of a sentence does or what the subject is like. Verbs that show action are called action verbs. For example: flew, thinking, climb. Yet not all verbs show action. Linking verbs tell what the subject is or what the subject is like without showing action. For example: am, was, seemed, feel.

ActivityVerb Charades On strips of paper, write twelve simple sentences, six containing action verbs and six containing linking verbs. Underline the verb in each sentence. Then put the strips into a pile. Take turns with family members picking a sentence from the pile and acting it out silently for the rest of the group. The person who guesses the verb should tell if it is an action verb or a linking verb.

Practice Tested Spelling Words

Conventions

Family Times DVD•125

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Assignment

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Home Activity Your child is learning to add the endings -ed and -ing to base words, making changes when necessary. Have your child spell words that changed when the ending was added and explain the change.

Adding -ed and -ing DVD•123

Adding -ed and -ing

• Generalization When adding -ed and -ing, the spelling of the base word sometimes changes: dancing, dried, stopped. Some base words are not changed: drying, watched.

Word Sort Sort the list words according to their endings and changes.

-ed(nochange tobaseword)

1. ___________________

2. ___________________

-ed(change tobaseword)

3. ___________________

4. ___________________

5. ___________________

6. ___________________

7. ___________________

8. ___________________

9. ___________________

10. ___________________

-ing(nochange tobaseword)

11. ___________________

12. ___________________

13. ___________________

14. ___________________

15. ___________________

-ing(change tobaseword)

16. ___________________

17. ___________________

18. ___________________

19. ___________________

20. ___________________

Spelling Words

1. watched 2. watching 3. danced 4. dancing 5. studied 6. studying 7. stopped 8. stopping 9. dried 10. drying

11. happened 12. happening 13. noticed 14. noticing 15. robbed 16. robbing 17. slipped 18. slipping 19. hurried 20. hurrying

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Home Activity Your child read, wrote, and spelled words with -ed and -ing endings. Take turns asking and spelling list words aloud.

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Name Man Who Named Clouds

Adding -ed and -ing DVD•129

Adding -ed and -ing

Word Clues Write the list words that fit the clues below.

Write three -ed words in which the final consonant in the base word is doubled. 1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________

Write two -ing words in which the final e is dropped from the base word. 4. ____________ 5. ____________

Write three -ed words in which the base word’s y is changed to i. 6. ____________ 7. ____________ 8. ____________

Adding -ed and -ing Fill in the chart by writing the correct list word.

Base Word Add -ed Add -ing

9. slip slipped

10. hurry hurried

11. rob robbed

12. notice noticing

13. happen

14. dry dried

15. stop stopped

16. dance dancing

17. watch

18. study studied

Spelling Words

watchedstudyinghappenedrobbing

watchingstopped happeningslipped

dancedstoppingnoticedslipping

dancingdriednoticinghurried

studieddryingrobbedhurrying

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1. Katy watcht the stranger, when he first arrived at the farm.

2. The unhappy stranger hurryed. To leave the farm.

3. As the days become shorter trees changing to red and orange.

4. What beautiful colors the trees turn in october?

5. September and October is my favorite munths.

6. I love to watch the gooses flew south.

7. Fall is Mr. Baileys favorite Season.

8. The days grow shorter but the air is fresh and clean

9. Its great to go for hikes, there’s so much to see.

10. Helena and I am going camping. For a week next summer.

Unit 3 The Man Who Named the Clouds Daily Fix-It 11

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Unit 3 The Man Who Named Clouds Grammar 11

Directions  Write the verb in each sentence. 

1. “The Man Who Named Clouds” is an interesting story. 

2. It describes a very smart man. 

3. Luke Howard lived in London, England. 

4. He kept a weather journal. 

5. He recorded temperature and wind direction. 

6. Luke was an apprentice. 

7. He filled his bookshelves with science books. 

8. Luke named different types of clouds. 

9. Some of his friends were scientists. 

10.He became famous around the world. 

Directions  Underline action verbs. Circle linking verbs.

11.Luke recited Latin words in class.

12.It was boring at the time. 

13.He always watched the sky. 

14.At age twenty-four, Luke married Mariabella Eliot.

15.He seemed happy in his study.

The main word in the predicate of a sentence is a verb. Words that show actions are called action verbs. Most verbs show actions you can see. Some verbs, such as think and understand, show actions you cannot see.

Action Verbs Luke Howard drew pictures of clouds. He wondered about them.

Linking verbs do not show actions. They tell what the subject is or what the subject is like. Common linking verbs are forms of the verb to be, such as am, is, are, was, and were. Verbs such as seem, appear, become, and feel can also be linking verbs.

Linking Verbs Luke was a student. Then he became a manager of a factory.

Action and Linking Verbs

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Name Man Who Named Clouds

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DVD•128 Action and Linking Verbs

Home Activity Your child learned how to use action and linking verbs in writing. Encourage your child to write a journal entry about the day’s activities. Have him or her underline action verbs and circle linking verbs.

Action and Linking VerbsDirections Choose the best action verb from the box to complete each sentence. Write the new sentence on the line.

1. One classification ___ because the names were not exact.

2. He ___ the importance of hard work.

3. He ___ his studies in his family’s garden.

4. In dry weather, a pine cone’s scales ___ outward.

5. The wind ___ some clouds into a horse shape.

6. He ___ his hand on a glass bottle.

Directions Write a paragraph about the shapes you see in clouds. Use strong action verbs and at least one of these linking verbs: appear, seem, feel, become. Underline all the linking verbs you use.

blows began learned cut failed open

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Action and Linking Verbs DVD•131

Home Activity Your child reviewed action and linking verbs. With your child, look at a newspaper or magazine article. Ask your child to circle action verbs in red and linking verbs in blue.

Action and Linking VerbsDirections Write the verb in each sentence.

1. Luke Howard studied clouds.

2. He noticed puffy, flat, feathery, and gray clouds.

3. Luke wrote about the clouds in the sky.

4. People make up rhymes about the weather.

5. Some clouds change shape quickly.

Directions Underline action verbs. Circle linking verbs.

6. Each person presented a report at every meeting.

7. Everyone’s description was different.

8. Luke defined three main cloud shapes.

9. Altogether he labeled seven types of clouds.

10. He gave each shape a Latin name.

11. Each cloud’s name tells something about its shape and its height.

12. Cirrus is a Latin word for “a curl of hair.”

13. Stratus clouds and cumulus clouds appear low in the sky.

14. Today there are ten basic names for clouds.

15. Five of the names come from Luke’s classification.

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Name Man Who Named Clouds

Home Activity Your child used a graphic source to answer questions about when to plant and harvest vegetables. With your child, find a graphic source that shows the frost zones for the United States. Find your zone and decide when you can start to plant vegetables and flowers outside.

Graphic Sources

•Graphic sourcespresentinformationinformsthatyoucansee.Maps,diagrams,charts,andtablesareallgraphicsources.

•Whenyouseeagraphicsourcewithtext,lookatitbeforeyouread.Doingsowillhelpyoupredictwhatthetextisabout.

Directions Read the text and study this chart. Then answer the questions.

Molly wants to plant a vegetable garden. She would like to have vegetables to pick and eat for every season of the year. She made a chart to show when different vegetables would be harvested. Some vegetables can be picked early, in the spring. Others will be picked later, in the winter.

Vegetable When to Plant When to Pick

beans early spring summer

carrots spring summer

lettuce early spring late spring

potatoes spring winter

pumpkins spring falltomatoes spring summer

1. When will Molly start planting her vegetable garden?

2. Which vegetable will Molly pick first?

3. Which vegetable will Molly pick in winter?

4. Which vegetables will Molly pick in summer?

DVD•126 Comprehension

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Fact and OpinionDirections Read the passage. Then answer the questions below.

The study of cloud formations is very interesting. Clouds come in

different types, sizes, and even colors. Some clouds are white. Made up of tiny droplets of water, clouds reflect sunlight, which appears white to us. Other clouds are gray. These clouds are very thick and keep sunlight from getting through. When

light is blocked, a shadow forms. The gray color we see on the underside of clouds is a shadow.

Scientists can measure a cloud’s distance from the ground or how fast a cloud is traveling. Some very high clouds can move at speeds of more than 100 miles per hour!

1. Underline a statement of fact found in the passage.

2. How do you know this is a statement of fact?

3. Circle a statement of opinion found in the passage.

4. How do you know this is a statement of opinion?

5. On a separate sheet of paper, write a paragraph about a sport, a hobby, or another topic you know well. Use at least two statements of fact and two statements of opinion in the paragraph.

Comprehension DVD•127

Name Man Who Named Clouds

Home Activity Your child identified statements of fact and opinion in a passage. Talk with your child about a family member or an event. Challenge your child to make a statement of fact or opinion about the person or event.

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Name Man Who Named Clouds

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Home Activity Your child used a graphic source to answer questions about the accuracy of weather reports. With your child, create a chart to track the accuracy of weather reports on TV or radio for one week.

DVD•130 Comprehension

Graphic Sources

•Graphic sources present information in forms that you can see. Maps, diagrams, charts, and tables are all graphic sources.

•Whenyouseeagraphicsourcewithtext,identifywhatkindofinformationitispresenting.Doingsowillhelpyouunderstandwhatyouarereading.

Directions Read the following passage. Study the chart. Then answer the questions below.

Carlos couldn’t decide which television station to watch for his weather information—Channel 3 or Channel 11. So he made a chart and tracked the accuracy of each channel’s weather report for five days.

Days of the Week

Channel 3 Weather Forecasted

Channel 11 Weather Forecasted

Actual Weather

Monday Partly sunny; high in the 70s

Showers; high of 90 Partly sunny; high in the 70s

Tuesday Thunderstorms Thunderstorms Thunderstorms

Wednesday Sunny; high in the 80s

Strong rain storms; chance of hail

Strong rain storms with hail

Thursday Sunny; high in the 90s

Sunny; high in the 90s

Thunderstorms

Friday Fog; high in the 60s Sunny; high in the 70s

Fog; high in the 60s

1. What day did both channels forecast the weather correctly?

2. What day did both channels forecast the weather incorrectly?

3. How many days was Channel 3 correct? How many days was Channel 11 correct?

4. What station should Carlos watch for accurate weather reports?

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