The Magical Mystical The Magical Mystical CellCell

By,By,

Angela Lee and Navpreet Angela Lee and Navpreet SambhiSambhi

NucleusNucleus

A nucleus contains the nucleolus, A nucleus contains the nucleolus, the chromatin, and the nuclear the chromatin, and the nuclear membrane.membrane.

Nucleolus – makes ribosomes Nucleolus – makes ribosomes Chromatin – DNA in a stretched out Chromatin – DNA in a stretched out

form during cell maintenanceform during cell maintenance Nuclear membrane – has inner and Nuclear membrane – has inner and

outer lipid bilayer membranes outer lipid bilayer membranes

Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum

There are 2 parts to There are 2 parts to the E.R.: the rough the E.R.: the rough and the smooth E.R.and the smooth E.R.

The rough E.R. has The rough E.R. has ribosomes attached ribosomes attached to the side; it makes to the side; it makes proteins.proteins.

The smooth E.R. The smooth E.R. doesn’t have doesn’t have ribosomes; it makes ribosomes; it makes lipids.lipids.

Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus

It packages and It packages and sends proteins to sends proteins to ribosomes on the E.R.ribosomes on the E.R.

Proteins get to the Proteins get to the golgi apparatus by golgi apparatus by vesicles made of E.R. vesicles made of E.R. membranemembrane

The vesicles fuse with The vesicles fuse with the golgi apparatus the golgi apparatus after delivering after delivering proteins.proteins.

RibosomeRibosome

It makes proteinsIt makes proteins Ribosomes can be found in the E.R.; other Ribosomes can be found in the E.R.; other

can be found in the cytoplasm.can be found in the cytoplasm. It provides enzymes and structural support It provides enzymes and structural support

for RNAfor RNA

MitochondriaMitochondria

They are elongated, fluid-filled sacs, They are elongated, fluid-filled sacs, varying in size & shapevarying in size & shape

They move slowly through cytoplasm and They move slowly through cytoplasm and reproduce by dividingreproduce by dividing

They provide energy for the cell.They provide energy for the cell.

LysosomeLysosome

Tiny membranous Tiny membranous sacssacs

““garbage disposal of garbage disposal of the cell”the cell”

Contain powerful Contain powerful enzymes that break enzymes that break down nutrient down nutrient molecules or foreign molecules or foreign particles.particles.

Destroys worn Destroys worn cellular partscellular parts

CentrosomeCentrosome Structure near the Golgi Structure near the Golgi

apparatus and nucleusapparatus and nucleus Non-membranous and Non-membranous and

consists of two hollow consists of two hollow cylinders called cylinders called centriolescentrioles

Centrioles lie at right Centrioles lie at right angles from each otherangles from each other

They are used to They are used to distribute chromosomes distribute chromosomes during mitosisduring mitosis

Vesicles (vacuoles)Vesicles (vacuoles) Membranous sacs Membranous sacs

formed by part of the formed by part of the cell membrane folding cell membrane folding inward and pinching inward and pinching offoff

Usually contains some Usually contains some liquid or solid material liquid or solid material formerly outside the formerly outside the cellcell

Golgi apparatus and Golgi apparatus and E.R. also form vesiclesE.R. also form vesicles

Cell MembraneCell Membrane

Extremely thin but Extremely thin but flexible and flexible and somewhat elasticsomewhat elastic

Made up of a Made up of a phospholipid phospholipid bilayer, which is bilayer, which is water-soluble on water-soluble on the surface of the the surface of the membrane but membrane but water-insoluble on water-insoluble on the insidethe inside

HIV and AIDSHIV and AIDS HIV stands for Human HIV stands for Human

Immunodeficiency Immunodeficiency VirusVirus

Virus attacks the Virus attacks the immune system, immune system, specifically the T-cellsspecifically the T-cells

As the number of T-As the number of T-cells get smaller and cells get smaller and smaller, the immune smaller, the immune system gets weaker system gets weaker and the body can’t and the body can’t fight off infections and fight off infections and cancers.cancers.

HIV and AIDS (cont’d)HIV and AIDS (cont’d) HIV infected people HIV infected people

eventually get AIDSeventually get AIDS This means that they This means that they

have severely have severely compromised compromised immune systems, if immune systems, if they have a working they have a working immune system at immune system at all.all.

AIDS and HIV are AIDS and HIV are most commonly most commonly spread through spread through bodily fluids, but not bodily fluids, but not through saliva or through saliva or tearstears