the life of muhammad
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The Life of Muhammad. Class Notes for Mr. Dresel’s Social Studies 7 Class. A. Makkah. Important trade stop & religious center of Arabia. People settled there because of the fresh water wells. Location of the Kaaba (shrine with 300 religious idols). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Life of Muhammad
Class Notes for Mr. Dresel’s Social Studies 7 Class
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A. Makkah
• Important trade stop & religious center of Arabia.
• People settled there because of the fresh water wells.
• Location of the Kaaba (shrine with 300 religious idols).
• Population very diverse: Arabs, Christians, Jews, etc.
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B. Arabs
• Arab: (abhar = to move or pass).• Majority of Arabia’s first inhabitants were
Bedouins (nomadic Arabs).• Valued camels and swords above all else.• Had no strong central government.• Practiced animistic polytheism (many gods).
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C. Quraysh
• Powerful local tribe of Arabs in the area around Makkah.
• Encouraged tribes to deposit idols in the Kaaba and protected them for a fee.
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Muhammad’s Early Life
• Born into Hashim family of the Quraysh tribe between A.D. 570 and 580.
• Orphaned, raised by uncle, Abu Talib.• As a young man he worked for a wealthy
widow, Khadija.• Married Khadija, 7 children, 1 daughter
survived.• Had a reputation as seeker of solitude.
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The Divine Revelations
• Received 1st revelations while on retreat on Mt. Hira (around A.D. 610).
• Became convinced he had been chosen as God’s prophet.
• Learned sinners must submit to the mercy of God (islam).
• Few early converts, he was described as a convincing speaker, not pictured in artwork.
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A. Muhammad’s Teachings
• There was only one God (Allah) and all should submit to him.
• All believers in God were equal.• The rich should share with the poor.• People should live righteously.• All people would be subjected to a Judgement
Day.
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B. Angry Makkans
• Muhammad’s preaching angered many of the people of Makkah.
• He wanted to abolish idolatry, yet most Makkans did not want to give up their idols.
• He was critical of wealthy merchants who controlled most of the money and power in Makkah.
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C. Protection for the Prophet
• Muhammad was able to remain in Makkah because of his powerful and respected family.
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The Hijrah
• Muhammad decided to leave Makkah after the death of Khadija and Abu Talib.
• He and his followers travelled to the desert city of Yathrib.
• This journey (hijrah, in Arabic) marks the beginning of Islam and the Muslim calendar.
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Muhammad’s Welcome
• The Prophet was welcomed by the Jews and Arabs of Yathrib.
• Both groups hoped Muhammad could prevent a civil war from breaking out.
• The city is re-named Yathrib Madinaht unNabit, which means, “City of the Prophet.”
• Believers in Islam begin to call themselves Muslims (those who submit to God’s will”).
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Conflict in Madinah
• Muhammad hoped Islam could win new converts.
• Some Jewish leaders did not accept Muhammad as God’s latest prophet.
• Jews who opposed Muhammad were expelled from Madinah.
• At first, Muhammad told Muslims to pray in the direction of Jerusalem, but later changed it to the Kaaba in Makkah.
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The Quraysh
• As more people accepted Islam, the Quraysh became more and more hostile towards the Muslims.
• Muhammad’s army, though tremendously outnumbered, won the Battle of Badr.
Muhammad and his Followers
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Outcomes of the Battle of Badr
• More battles were fought in the years that followed the Battle of Badr.
• Makkens laid siege on Madinah in A.D. 627, in the Battle of the Trench.
• In A.D. 630, Muhammad and his supporters captured Makkah.
• Idols and other pagan relics were destroyed and the Kaaba was rededicated to Allah.
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Outcomes of the Battle of Badr
• In 632, Muhammad led the Hajj, commonly called “the pilgrimage of farewell,” for it was his last.
• Every detail of his actions on this event was noted and imitated by his disciples.
• The rites and ceremonies of the Hajj became standard practice for all Muslims.
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The Five Pillars of Faith
• Muhammad’s companions desired to maintain an Islamic community.
• They recorded his revelations into the Qur’an; his personal deeds into the Sunna.
• The Sunna and Qur’an provide guiding rules and principles for all Muslims.
• The most basic rules of the Sunna and Qur’an are summarized in the five pillars.
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The Five Pillars of Faith
(profession of faith): “There is only one God (Allah) and Muhammad is his Prophet.”
(daily worship): five times a day; guided by a precise set of rituals.
(almsgiving): 2 ½% of a Muslim’s income or 1/40 of all they possess annually.
(fasting): From sunrise to sunset during the holy time of Ramadan.
(pilgrimage to Makkah): undertaken once in a lifetime; reminder of equality between all Muslims.