十字軍東征文本閱讀： The Letters of St. Bernard of

Clairvaux

大綱

一、 Bernard對十字軍東征的描述

二、目的

三、為什麼十字軍東征是緊急的行動

四、 Bernard如何鼓動基督徒參與十字軍東征

五、評論以上意見

對十字軍東征的描述

1. 基督的救世

2. 展現對上帝的虔誠

3. 對異教徒的反擊

對十字軍東征的描述

1. 基督的救世

大意：上帝為基督徒準備的救贖

“For God has pity on his people and on those who have grievously fallen away and has prepared for them a means of salvation.”

對十字軍東征的描述1. 基督的救世

特意給基督徒機會去贖罪

大意： 讓自己欠你，或者是假裝 有欠於你，才衪 衪能以對你所犯下的罪行的寛恕來奬勵你。這是上帝對這個世代的祝 ，褔 給予人類被救贖的機會

“He puts himself in your debt so that, in return for your taking up arms in his cause, he can reward you with pardon for your sins and everlasting glory. I call blessed the generation that can seize an opportunity of such rich indulgence as this, blessed to be alive in this year of jubilee this year of Gods ”

對十字軍東征的描述

2. 展現對上帝的虔誠

大意：這是基督徒虔誠的行動……

“It is an act of Christian piety both "to vanquish the proud" and also "to spare the subjected," ”

對十字軍東征的描述

3. 對異教徒的反擊

大意：他們（異教徒）已經開始攻擊我們，我們需要擊退他們

“But as they have now begun to attack us, it is necessary for those of us who do not carry a sword in vain to repel them with force. ”

目的

1. 對異教徒的報復

2. 中止內鬥，一致對外

目的

1. 對異教徒的報復

把穆斯林和猶太人從聖地耶路撒冷驅逐

大意：猶太人要被驅散來贖罪

“They are dispersed all over the world so that by expiating their crime they may be everywhere the living witnesses of our redemption. Hence the same psalm adds, "only let thy power disperse them." And so it is: dispersed they are. “

目的2. 中止內鬥，一致對外

人們的作戰和冒險慾望強烈，經常私鬥

希望能把人們的好鬥轉向異教徒

大意：有多久你們的人民在流淌着基督徒的血？有多久他們繼續互相爭鬥？現在立刻停止這種愚蠢的行為

“How long will your men continue to shed Christian blood; how long will they continue to fight among themselves?”“Put a stop to it now, for it is not fighting but foolery.”

為什麼是緊急的行動異教徒（ 伊斯蘭教）侵佔了聖地

被異教徒進入聖地是在褻瀆上帝

大意：上帝的敵人開始在褻瀆上帝和用劍破壞聖地

“for our sins, the enemy of the Cross has begun to lift his sacrilegious head there, and to devastate with the sword that blessed land, that land of promise.”

如何鼓動基督徒參與

1. 激將法：坐視異教徒侵佔聖地是恥辱

2. 把十字軍東征說成是上帝的慈悲

3. 為天主而戰，戰死可得赦免

如何鼓動基督徒參與

1. 激將法

坐視異教徒正在破壞聖地，是他們的恥辱

大意：這種災難（指穆斯林佔領了耶路撒冷一事）會是這一代無盡的恥辱的源頭

“Such a catastrophe would be a source of appalling grief for all time, but it would also be a source of confusion and endless shame for our generation.  ”

如何鼓動基督徒參與

2. 把十字軍東征說成是上帝的慈悲

首先強調上帝有能力驅趕異教徒

大意：難道 不能派衪 12 個天使軍團，甚至只說了一句話就能保衞 的土地 ？ 有能力去做這樣的事是肯定的……衪 嗎 衪

“Could he not send more than twelve legions of angels, or even just say the word and save his land? Most certainly he has the power to do this whenever he wishes......“

如何鼓動基督徒參與2. 把十字軍東征說成是上帝的慈悲

特意給基督徒機會去贖罪

>> 基督徒應該要感恩接受

大意： 讓自己欠你，或者是假裝 有欠於你，才能以對衪 衪你所犯下的罪行的寛恕來奬勵你。這是上帝對這個世代的祝 ，褔 給予人類被救贖的機會。

”He puts himself in your debt so that, in return for your taking up arms in his cause, he can reward you with pardon for your sins and everlasting glory. I call blessed the generation that can seize an opportunity of such rich indulgence as this......”

如何鼓動基督徒參與

為天主而戰，戰死可得赦免

形容為難得的機會 “ this great opportunity”

可以赦免所有罪行（包括往昔的罪行）

“Take up the sign of the Cross and you will find indulgence( 特赦 )for all the sins which you humbly confess.”

＞＞ 誘之以利，讓基督徒為去天堂而參戰

參考資料

From Bruno Scott James, trans., The Letters of St. Bernard of Clairvaux (London: Burns Oates, 1953).