The Latest on EVs and State EV Policy

Mike SalisburySouthwest Energy Efficiency ProjectClean Energy Legislative Academy

10/26/2017

An Accelerating EV Market

100%

80%

70%

66%

62%

56%

44%

43%

39%

19%

41%

0% 50% 100%

HI

MA

MD

CO

NY

CT

CA

WA

VT

OR

USGrowth in EV Sales Rate,

Jan-July: 2017 vs 2016

The Impact of Incentives for EVs

0.77%

0.84%

0.83%

0.58%

0.50% 0.75% 1.00%

Utah

New York

EV Sales Rate

2016

2017(tilJuly)

In 2017, NY started a $2,000 Rebate & Utah's$1,500 Tax Credit Expired

Electric Vehicles and the Gas Tax:States with Additional Registration Fees for EVs

$50

$114$130

$60

$150

$200

$100

$100$75

$75

$75$140

$100

$150

$50

$100

$200

Impacts on Colorado Highway Funding, 2016

$313 Million

$59 Million

$296,000

Inflation Fuel Economy Standards Electric Vehicles

Impacts on Nevada Highway Funding, 2016

$172 million

$33 million

$155,000

Inflation Fuel Economy Standards Electric Vehicles

Average Annual State Gasoline Tax for New Vehicles

$79

$92

$100

$123$140

$79

Oregon Example In the 2017 Legislative Session, Oregon addressed

both incentives for EVs and the gasoline tax EV owners pay an annual fee of $110 EV buyers receive a rebate between $750-$2,500

VW Settlement

Transit Agencies with Electric Buses

Denver Area NOx Emissions for New Transit Vehicles in 2016

1,477

822

526

820

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

Diesel CNG Electric Electric2026

Nox

Em

issi

ons

mg/

m

Greenhouse Gas Emissions for New Transit Vehicles in 2016

3,0293,237

1,679

854

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

Diesel CNG Electric Electric 2026

GHG

Gra

ms/

Mile

RTD (Denver) Bus Cost ComparisonBYD Electric Bus

Shaw InternationalCNG Bus

Difference

Purchase Cost $748,051 $666,855 $81,196Lifetime Fuel Costs $15,600 $115,556 -$99.956Lifetime Maintenance Costs

$194,406 $315,146 -$120,740

Total Lifetime Ownership Costs

$958,057 $1,097,557 -$139,500

“The proposal by BYD is the best value, lowest risk proposal providing the most advanced and clean power technology” - RTD

Recent Research Examining Factors that Influence ZEV Sales in California

(California Air Resources Board) From Gas to Grid (Rocky Mountain Institute) Transitioning to zero-emission heavy-duty freight vehicles

(International Council on Clean Transportation) Opportunities for Vehicle Electrification in the Denver Metro

area and Across Colorado (SWEEP) Emerging best practices for electric vehicle charging

infrastructure (International Council on Clean Transportation) National Plug-In Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Analysis

(National Renewable Energy Laboratory)