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THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY: AMERICA IN THE ’80’S & 90’S

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THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:. AMERICA IN THE ’80’S & 90’S. RONALD REAGAN. I. The Reagan Movement. Reagan: A change in the White House 1. Midwestern roots(Dixon, Eureka) 2. Hollywood actor 3. Personality: charming, personable, humorous, witty - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20TH CENTURY:

AMERICA IN THE ’80’S & 90’S

Page 2: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

RONALD REAGAN

Page 3: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

I. The Reagan MovementA. Reagan: A change in the White House

1. Midwestern roots(Dixon, Eureka)2. Hollywood actor3. Personality: charming, personable, humorous, witty

B. Reagan wins landslide in 19801. Defeated Independent John Anderson as well as Carter2. Americans ready for change

Page 4: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

The 1980 election: Carter vs. Reagan

Page 5: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

I. The Reagan Movement (cont.)

C. Reagan appealed to the “New Right”1. Political conservatives including the Moral Majority(fundamental Christians led by Jerry Falwell)2. Supported school prayer, strong defense, free market economics3. Opposed abortion, ERA, gun control, busing to integrate races

Page 6: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

REAGAN CATERED TO FUNDAMENTAL CHRISTIANS

Page 7: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

THE REAGAN TEAM

Page 8: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

I. The Reagan Movement (cont.)D. “Reaganomics”

1. Economic plan to strengthen economy2. Based on supply-side economics: -lowering top income tax rates would spur growth

-tax savings would be invested in business creating jobs and revenue3. Congress supports “Reaganomics”

-Pass 3yr. Plan to cut fed. Income tax by 25%

-Cut gov’t regulation on certain industries

Page 9: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

I. The Reagan Movement (cont.)

(D)4. Business began to prosper-Inflation dropped to 4% by ’83-Stock market soared

5. Critics concerned with Reaganomics-Cut in social programs hurt poor-Unemployment high for minorities-Concerned about national deficit

Page 10: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

INFLATION DECREASED

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1966 1972 1978 1984

Inflation

Page 11: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

MILITARY SPENDING INCREASED IN ’80’S

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1975 1978 1980 1983 1986 1989

in billions

Page 12: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

I. The Reagan Movement (cont.)

E. Reagan’s 1st Term Foreign Issues1. Military spending suggested strong

anti-Communist beliefs in admin.2. More nuclear weapons3. Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)

-Space-based missile defense system-Critics called it “Star Wars”

Page 13: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

I. The Reagan Movement (cont.)

(E)4. US/USSR Relations very “chilly”-Tensions over Poland-Tensions over Nukes-Soviets boycott ’84 Olympics

Page 14: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

I. The Reagan Movement (cont.)(E)5. Increased involvement in Latin

America-Fear of communist influence (ie-

Nicaragua and El Salvador)-US supported Nicaraguan

contras(army led by CIA) to overthrow Sandinistas tied to Soviets

-Marines squashed instable coup in Grenada: pro-American gov’t set up(Oct. ’83)

Page 15: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

I. The Reagan Movement (cont.)F. Re-elected in 1984

1. Defeated Mondale/Ferraro2. Reagan appoints women in admin to counter woman VP cand.

-Elizabeth Dole, Margaret Heckler, Jeane Kirkpatrick

-Appointed Sandra Day O’Connor 1st women Sup. Ct. Justice3. Reagan/Bush re-elected in Landslide(525 to 13)

Page 16: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

I. The Reagan Movement (cont.)

G. Reagan calms mourning nation: Challenger explosion (Jan. 28, 1986)

Page 17: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

I. The Reagan Movement (cont.)H. 2nd Term Economic Problems

1. Concerns grew over deficit-Over $200 billion by ’85-Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act: auto cuts

in gov’t spending when deficit exceeded certain amount2. Stock market problems

-Issues of insider trading-Stock Market crashed on 10/19/87

3. Showed impact of early success in Reagonomics

Page 18: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

I. The Reagan Movement (cont.)I. 2nd Term Cold War issues

1. Gorbachev, Glasnost, and Perestroika-USSR taking new outlook-Glasnost-more freedoms for

Russians-Perestroika-Plan to restructure

USSR economy and gov’t.2. Reagan developed solid relationship with Gorbachev/ led to: INF Treaty (picture p. 592)

Page 19: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

I. The Reagan Movement (cont.)J. Reagan in Crisis: The Iran-Contra Affair

1. Secret weapon sales to Iran were used to finance Nicaraguan contras2. Negotiations tied to release of US hostages in Lebanon (terrorist negotiation)3. Done without public knowledge or Congressional approval4. Oliver North charged with destruction of gov’t documents5. Investigation cleared Reagan, but damaged his administration

Page 20: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

II. The George H.W. Bush Administration

A. Election of 19881. Bush/Quayle v. Dukakis/Bentsen2. Low voter turnout(50%)3. Bush won 426-111

Page 21: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

GEORGE H.W. BUSH

Page 22: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

II. The George H.W. Bush Administration (cont.)

B. Bush: The Man1. Personality: Type A in early life,

compassionate, emotional2. Born into New England wealth (father

was a Conn. Senator)3. Successful oilman in TX,

Congressman, UN Ambassador, CIA director under Ford

Page 23: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

II. The George H.W. Bush Administration (cont.)

C. Bush closes the Cold War1. Gorbachev’s reform eased tensions through late 80’s2. Reunification of Germany (Oct. ’90)

-After wall had fallen in Fall of ’89

-Democracy in all of Germany

Page 24: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

COLLAPSE OF THE BERLIN WALL

Page 25: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

II. The George H.W. Bush Administration (cont.)(c)3. Communist coup to oust Gorbachev

failed4. Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS): Ukraine, Russia, Belarus declared USSR was “ceasing to exist”5. Gorbachev resigned on 12/25/916. Control went to Russian Pres. Boris Yelstin7. Later former Soviet Republics join CIS: Soviet Union was dead

Page 26: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

II. The George H.W. Bush Administration (cont.)D. The Persian Gulf War: Desert Storm

1. UN condemned Iraq’s Saddam Hussein’s invasion of Kuwait

-Kuwait major oil producer-Iraq refused to withdraw before Jan.

15, ’91 deadline2. Alliance from U.S., GB, France, Egypt, S. Arabia prepared to launch offensive on Hussein

-Almost 700,000 soldiers (540,000 Americans)involved

Page 27: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

II. The George H.W. Bush Administration (cont.)(D)3. Various aspects of the war

-Bombing attacks on1/16-Ground assaults began on 2/23-150 US casualties/ 100,000 Iraqis-Air attacks damaged Baghdad-Leaders Colin Powell, Dick Cheney,

Norman Schwarzkopf-heroes-Bush approval rating soaring high’-Media televised military technology-Women service led women being allowed

into combat by Senate in Aug. ‘91

Page 28: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

Desert Storm

Page 29: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

Desert Storm

Page 30: THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20 TH CENTURY:

V:\MHS\Social Studies\Mr. Deters\The_Aftermath_of_the_Persian_Gulf_Conflict.asf of Desert Storm


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