the last great nomadic challenges
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The last Great Nomadic Challenges. Ch 14. I. Introduction. The Mongols caused numerous disruptions throughout Europe and Asia Conquered areas very quickly Chinggis Khan- most famous Mongol leader After death, sons divided up his territory - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The last Great Nomadic
ChallengesCh 14
I. Introduction
The Mongols caused numerous disruptions throughout Europe and Asia Conquered areas very
quickly Chinggis Khan- most
famous Mongol leader After death, sons divided
up his territory Were known as very
fierce/brutal warriors yet were tolerant and led to peaceful reign
Mongols
Were nomads whose life revolved around their horses Military based on cavalry with short bows, lances,
hatches and maces Got their milk, meat and clothing from their
herds Had tents made from hides which they would
move when they would settle. Divided up in clans/tribes
Would unite together from time to time when there was a strong leader
I. Introduction
II. Chinggis Khan
Born as Temujin Grew up in the period
after Kabul Khan’s death
Teenage years Father was poisoned Temujin was
imprisoned by rival clan
Escaped and joined up with another strong clan
Temujin developed a reputation by defeating his
rivals A Kuriltai (meeting of all Mongol chiefs) in made
Temujin the Khagan- changed his name to Chinggis Khan
Greatly improved military Divided military in Tumens (10,000 warriors)
Subdivided in various units of 10 Messengers and spies Death to deserters Procured new weapons: Flaming /Exploding arrows,
cannons and other gunpowder projectiles
II. Chinggis Khan
Conquest and the Mongol Empire
Ruled ½ million + Mongols Chinggis loved making war
Death to those who resisted and tributes from those who surrendered
Rewarded brave enemies Used siege weapons- catapults, rams, bamboo
rockets
II. Chinggis Khan
Chinggis first attacked North China Attacked the Khwarazm Empire ruled by
Muhammad Shah II Completely overwhelmed them after being
insulted Later established a capital in Karakorum Died in August 1227 while reinvading into
Northern China Death march back to Mongolia for burial
II. Chinggis Khan
Chinggis’s empire was divided among his 3
sons and his grandson Batu (dead son’s son) Ogedei became the grand kahn Territories were called khanates
II. Chinggis Khan
Mongols who invaded Europe were known as
the Golden Horde Russians called them Tartars
Russia was an easy target due to being divided up into small kingdoms Only time Russia was successfully invaded in
the winter By 1240, Russia fell under Mongol rule for 250
yrs
III. Mongolian Westward Expansion
Russian under Mongols
Caused some peasants to became serfs due to fear of Mongol raids
Some towns profited from increases in trade Moscow greatly benefited and gained power as a
tribute collection center Eventually gained enough power and following to
overthrow the mongols Battle of Kulikova 1380
III. Mongolian Westward Expansion
Mongol assault on Islam
Destroyed Baghdad in 1258 Overthrew caliphate and killed 800,000 Ended a dynasty that lasted for 500+ years
Overthrown by Mamluks
III. Mongolian Westward Expansion
Mongols invaded China after Ogedei became
the great kahn Campaigns in south China were led by Kubilai
Kahn(1235-1279) 1260 Kublilai Kahn became great kahn
1271 changed his empire in China to the Yuan (kahn) dynasty
IV. Mongols in China
General life under Kubilai Kahn
Mongols and ethnic Chinese were not allowed to marry But nomadic women were allowed
Mongols lived in tents even though Kubilai lived in a palace
Would not allow civil service exams Social Structure: Mongols, Nomadic/Muslim
allies, North Chinese and then the Ethnic/South Chinese
IV. Mongols in China
Women in China under Mongol rule
Mongol women did not practice foot binding Women could keep property Mongol women were not dainty
Hunted and Kubilai’s daughter wrestled potential suitors
Chabi Kubilai’s wife Balanced out Kubilai’s rule and acted as his
advisor
IV. Mongols in China
Chinese Culture under Mongols
Opened up China to outside influence Brought in Muslims and their advancements
Doctors and astronomers were very important Promoted the arts Helped boost trade and merchants
Built navy Welcomed travelers
Marco Polo (helped inspire Europeans to travel to Asia)
IV. Mongols in China
Mongol’s warrior image started to deteriorate
Lost to Japanese, Song Revolts & failures in Vietnam
Started to allow Chinese and Muslims to run bureaucracy
Couldn’t stop piracy Famines hit White Lotus Society
Secret society that used “magic” to resist Mongol rule
Mongols lost power and had to retreat from China
V. Fall of House of Yuan
Chaos followed the fall of the Mongols
Poor Peasant, Ju Yuanzhang took over Resulted in Ming Dynasty (14th Century) Lasted for 300 years
V. Fall of House of Yuan