the large synoptic survey telescope
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The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope. Presentation to AAAC October 13, 2006 Anthony Tyson Director, LSST Physics Department, Univ. of California, Davis. Large Synoptic Survey Telescope. History : - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Large Synoptic Survey TelescopeThe Large Synoptic Survey Telescope
Presentation to AAACOctober 13, 2006
Anthony TysonDirector, LSST
Physics Department, Univ. of California, Davis
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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Large Synoptic Survey TelescopeLarge Synoptic Survey Telescope
History:
The need for a facility to survey the sky Wide, Fast and Deep, has been recognized for many years.
1996-2000 “Dark Matter Telescope”Emphasized mapping dark matter
2000- “LSST”Emphasized a broad range of science from the same multi-wavelength survey data
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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Wide+Deep+Fast: Wide+Deep+Fast: EtendueEtendue
Primary mirror diameter
Field of view
KeckTelescope
0.2 degrees10 m
3.5 degrees
LSST
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• 4 billion galaxies with redshifts4 billion galaxies with redshifts• Time domain: Time domain: 100,000 asteroids100,000 asteroids 1 million supernovae1 million supernovae 1 million gravitational lenses1 million gravitational lenses gamma ray burstersgamma ray bursters new phenomenanew phenomena
LSST survey of 20,000 sq degLSST survey of 20,000 sq deg
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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Relative Etendue (= ARelative Etendue (= A))
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
280
320
Ete
nd
ue
(m
2 de
g2 )
LSST PS4 PS1 Subaru CFHT SDSS MMT DES 4m VST VISTAIR
All facilities assumed operating100% in one survey
15 sec exposures
2000 exposures per field
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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0
40
80
120
160
200
Re
lati
ve
Fig
ure
of
Me
rit
LSST SNAP Pan-STARRs
Subaru CFHT SDSS MMT
Time (x10)
Stellar
Stellar ( J band )
Galactic (x2)
Opening Time DomainOpening Time Domain
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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LSST SurveyLSST Survey
• 6-band Survey: ugrizy 320–1050 nm Frequent revisits: grizy
• Sky area covered: >20,000 deg2 0.2 arcsec / pixel
• Each 10 sq.deg FOV revisited ~2000 times
• Limiting magnitude: 27.7 AB magnitude @5 25 AB mag /visit = 2x15 seconds• Photometry precision: 0.01 mag requirement, 0.001 mag goal
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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Massively Parallel AstrophysicsMassively Parallel Astrophysics
– Dark matter/dark energy via weak lensing – Dark matter/dark energy via baryon acoustic oscillations– Dark energy via supernovae– Dark energy via counts of clusters of galaxies– Galactic Structure encompassing local group– Dense astrometry over 20000 sq.deg: rare moving objects– Gamma Ray Bursts and transients to high redshift– Gravitational micro-lensing– Strong galaxy & cluster lensing: physics of dark matter– Multi-image lensed SN time delays: separate test of cosmology– Variable stars/galaxies: black hole accretion– QSO time delays vs z: independent test of dark energy– Optical bursters to 25 mag: the unknown– 5-band 27 mag photometric survey: unprecedented volume– Solar System Probes: Earth-crossing asteroids, Comets, trans-
Neptunian objects
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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LSST Ranked High PriorityLSST Ranked High Priority
• NRC Astronomy Decadal Survey
• NRC New Frontiers in the Solar System
• NRC Quarks-to-Cosmos
• SAGENAP
• Quantum Universe
• Physics of the Universe
• Dark Energy Task Force + P5
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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LSST Funding TimelineLSST Funding Timeline
• FY-2004 R&D proposal to NSF AST
• FY-2005 $14.2M LSST R&D grant
• FY-2006 DOE CD-0 Ground-based dark energy
• FY-2007 LSST NSF MREFC Proposal submitted
• FY-2009 NSB moves LSST to readiness phase
• FY-2009 DOE MIE funding begins for camera
• FY-2010 NSF MREFC award to begin construction
• FY-2014 First light and commissioning
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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LSST Probes Dark Energy and Dark MatterLSST Probes Dark Energy and Dark Matter
Weak lensing (multiple probes) Baryon acoustic oscillations Counts of massive structures vs redshift Supernova cosmology (complementary to JDEM) Mass power spectrum on very large scales tests CDM paradigm Shortest scales of dark matter clumping tests models of dark
matter particle physics
The LSST survey will address all with a single dataset!
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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Weak Gravitational Lensing HeritageWeak Gravitational Lensing Heritage
2-degree by 2-degree mass map of one of five Deep Lens Survey fields. All four clusters examined in this field have been verified with spectroscopy and X-ray observations (2005)
1983-2000 Weak gravitational lens experiments using Blanco telescope
2000 First detection of cosmic shear
2000-2005 Deep Lens Survey
1996- Emerging need for an all-sky deep multi-wavelength facility with controllable systematic errors
Today, several distinct groupsworldwide are pursuing weak lens cosmology on a varietyof telescopes.
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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z=0.6
z=3.0
20000 sq.deg WL survey shear 20000 sq.deg WL survey shear power spectrapower spectra
z=1100 z=3.2
z=0.2
z=0.6
LSST shear systematics floor
0.001 shear
Blanco shear systematics floor
z=3.2
z=0.2
Require: shear error < 0.0002Require: shear error < 0.0002
0.01 shear
0.001 shear
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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Addressing DETF Critical IssuesAddressing DETF Critical Issues
WL shear reconstruction errors Show control to better than required precision
using existing new facilities Photometric redshift errors Develop robust photo-z calibration plan Undertake world campaign for spectroscopy
Photometry errors Develop and test precision flux calibration
technique
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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Subaru 10 sec ExposuresSubaru 10 sec Exposures
Raw de-trailed PSF corrected
<shear> <shear> = 0.07= 0.07
<shear> <shear> = 0.000013= 0.00001313
arc
min
(l
= 1
000)
<shear> <shear> = 0.04= 0.04
Single exposure in 0.65 arcsec seeing
<shear> <shear> < 0.0001< 0.0001
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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Residual Subaru Shear CorrelationResidual Subaru Shear Correlation
Cosmic shear signalTest of shear systematics: Use faint stars as proxies for galaxies, and calculate the shear-shear correlation.
Compare with expected cosmic shear signal.
Conclusion: 500 exposures per sky patch will yield negligible PSF induced shear systematics. Wittman (2005)
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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Photometric RedshiftsPhotometric Redshifts
Calibration: angular correlation between photo-z and spectroscopic samples enables high precision photo-z: http://www.lsst.org/Science/Phot-z-plan.pdf
Precision calibration plan: underway. Likely will exceed requirements.Precision calibration plan: underway. Likely will exceed requirements.
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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12-band Super Photo-z Training Set12-band Super Photo-z Training Set
Using angular correlations this training set enables LSST photo-z error calibration to better than required precision
Systematic error:0.003(1+z) calibratableNeed 20,000 spectroscopic redshifts
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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RS~140 Mpc
Standard Ruler
Two Dimensions on the Sky Angular Diameter Distances
Three Dimensions in Space-Time Hubble Parameter
Baryon Acoustic OscillationsBaryon Acoustic Oscillations
CMB (z = 1080) BAO (z < 3)
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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LSST Precision on Dark Energy LSST Precision on Dark Energy
WL+BAO and Cluster counts give separate estimates. Both require WL+BAO and Cluster counts give separate estimates. Both require wide sky area deep survey.wide sky area deep survey.
Zhan 2006
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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Dark Energy Precision vs timeDark Energy Precision vs time
CombinedCombinedSeparate DE ProbesSeparate DE Probes
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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LSST Project OrganizationLSST Project Organization
• The LSST is a public/private project with public support through NSF-AST and DOE-OHEP.
• Private support is devoted primarily to project infrastructure and fabrication of the primary/tertiary and secondary mirrors, which are long-lead items.
• NSF support is proposed to fund the telescope. DOE support is proposed to fund the camera.
• Both agencies would contribute to data management and operations.
Camera
Steven Kahn, Sci.
Kirk Gilmore, Mgr.
Telescope/Site
Charles Claver, Sci.
Victor Krabbendam, Mgr.
System Engineering
William Althouse
Science Working Groups
Data Management
Timothy Axelrod, Sci.
Jeffrey Kantor, Mgr.
Science Advisory
Committee (SAC )
Michael Strauss
System Scientist &
Chair of Science Council
Zeljko IvezicEd & Pub Outreach
Suzanne Jacoby
DirectorAnthony Tyson
Steve Kahn, Deputy
Project ManagerDonald Sweeney
Victor Krabbendam, Deputy
Board of Directors
Simulation & Data
Philip Pinto
PresidentJohn Schaefer
System Calibration
David Burke
LSST Organization Chart
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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The LSST CorporationThe LSST Corporation
• The project is overseen by the LSSTC, a 501(c)3 non-profit Arizona corporation based in Tucson.
• LSSTC is the recipient of private funding, and is the Principal Investigator organization for the NSF D&D funding.
LSSTC member institutionsLSSTC member institutions
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Johns Hopkins University
Las Cumbres Observatory
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
National Optical Astronomy Observatory
Pennsylvania State University
Research Corporation
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
Stanford University
University of Arizona
University of California, Davis
University of California, Irvine
University of Illinois
University of Pennsylvania
University of Washington
16 current member institutions.Google Corp. has applied.More pending.
+ Several foreign groups.
Foreign prospective membersForeign prospective members
• German university group (led by Matthias Steinmetz)
• French group (IN2P3 Collaboration)
• UK university group (led by Andrew Lawrence)
• European Southern Observatory (Catherine Cesarsky, Dir)
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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LSST integrates Astronomy & Physics LSST integrates Astronomy & Physics communitiescommunities
astronomy particle
physicsLSST
Project
NSF DOE
LSST Science CollaborationsLSST Science Collaborations
1. Supernovae: M. Wood-Vasey (CfA) 2. Weak lensing: D. Wittman (UCD) and B. Jain (Penn)3. Stellar Populations: Abi Saha (NOAO) 4. Active Galactic Nuclei: Niel Brandt (Penn State) 5. Solar System: Steve Chesley (JPL) 6. Galaxies: Harry Ferguson (STScI) 7. Transients/variable stars: Shri Kulkarni (Caltech) 8. Large-scale Structure/BAO: Andrew Hamilton (Colorado) 9. Milky Way Structure: Connie Rockosi (UCSC)10. Strong gravitational lensing: Phil Marshall (UCSB)
171 signed on already, from member institutions and project team.
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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54
64cm focal plane
3 refractive lenses
Primary
Tertiary
Secondary
LSST optical design has a 3.5LSST optical design has a 3.5oo FOV, 8.4m FOV, 8.4mprimary, <0.2 arcsec PSF from primary, <0.2 arcsec PSF from ll=320-1050nm=320-1050nm
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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Mirror DesignsMirror Designs
8.4 Meters
Primary Surface
Tertiary Surface
0.9 M
• Unique Monolithic Mirror: Primary and Tertiary Surfaces Polished Into Single Substrate
• Cast Borosilicate Design
Mirror Cell (Yellow)
Secondary Mirror
Baffle (Black)
• Thin Meniscus Low Expansion Glass Design for Secondary Mirror
• 102 Support Actuators
Secondary Mirror
Primary/Tertiary Mirror
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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The telescope baseline design is completeThe telescope baseline design is complete
Altitude over azimuth configuration
Camera andSecondary assembly
Carrousel dome
Finite elementanalysis
30 meters
The LSST carrousel dome is 30m in diameterThe LSST carrousel dome is 30m in diameter
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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The LSST will be on El Penon peak inThe LSST will be on El Penon peak inNorthern Chile in an NSF compoundNorthern Chile in an NSF compound
1.5m photometriccalibration telescope
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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The LSST camera will have 3 gigapixelsThe LSST camera will have 3 gigapixelsin a 64cm diameter image planein a 64cm diameter image plane
Five Filters in stored locationL1 Lens
L2 Lens
ShutterL1/L2 Housing
Camera Housing
L3 Lens
Raft Tower
Filter in light path
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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Shutter
Filter Changer
Filter Carousel
Manual Changer access port
Back Flange
Filter Changer rail
Camera body with five filters and shutterCamera body with five filters and shutter
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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Wavefront Sensor Layout
Guide Sensors (8 locations)
Wavefront Sensors (4 locations)
3.5 degree Field of View (634 mm diameter)
Curvature Sensor Side View Configuration
Focal plane2d
40 mm
Sci CCD
The LSST Focal PlaneThe LSST Focal Plane
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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RAFT TOWER
Electronics
Raft Assembly
Flex Cable &
Electronics Cage
Thermal Straps
3 x 3 CCD Sensor Array
SENSOR
4Kx4K Si CCD Sensor
CCD Carrier
Thermal Strap(s)
The basic building block for the The basic building block for the camera is the raft towercamera is the raft tower
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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The LSST CCD SensorThe LSST CCD Sensor
16 segments/CCD200 CCDs total3200 Total Outputs
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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Applications Science Image processing, database queries, …
Middleware Interface wrapper Device drivers, system management,…
Infrastructure Hardware Computers, disks, data links, ,,,
LSST Data Management Model
LSST generates 6GB of raw data every 15 seconds that must be calibrated, processed, cataloged,
indexed, and queried, etc. often in real time
The LSST Data Management The LSST Data Management
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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Data Management is a major part of the Data Management is a major part of the LSST missionLSST mission
The LSSTC partnership has DOE national labs (LLNL, SLAC, BNL), NSF centers (NCSA/UI-
UC), US industry (Google, Inc.) and academic centers (Caltech, Stanford,
Harvard) to create and operate a World-Class data management center
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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LSST imaging & operations simulationsLSST imaging & operations simulations
Sheared HDF raytraced + perturbation + atmosphere + wind + optics + pixel
LSST Operations, including real weather data: coverage + depth
Performance verification using Subaru 15 sec imagingPerformance verification using Subaru 15 sec imaging
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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Project Management StatusProject Management Status
• Reference Design complete• Full WBS with dictionary and task breakdown• Task-based estimate complete • Integrated cost/schedule complete• NSF MREFC proposal for submission ~Dec’06• NSF Concept Design Review planned in FY07• DOE CD-1 review planned in FY08
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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ConstructionCommissioning
Operations
Timeline and budget for the LSSTTimeline and budget for the LSST
FY-06 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Design and Development
Submit NSF MREFC Proposal
NSF and CD-2a funding begins
First light 51 months
CD-0
(and early procurement)
Fiscal Years
CD-1
Requests (Then Year USD):
NSF $15M $263M $15M/yrDOE $20M $109M $15M/yrPrivate/other $10M $ 66M $15M/yr
Escalated task-based estimate with 30% contingency
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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Why Now?Why Now?
– Broad science community interestBroad science community interest– Synergy with 2013- multi-wavelength facilitiesSynergy with 2013- multi-wavelength facilities– Multiple endorsementsMultiple endorsements– Systematic risks addressedSystematic risks addressed– Technically readyTechnically ready
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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Q&A slides
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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DE Science Drives Short ExposuresDE Science Drives Short Exposures
• Weak lensing requires exquisite control of shape systematics.
• One needs hundreds of exposures per filter per sky patch for chopping.
• Short exposures allow us to optimally weight.• Many exposures with sky rotated on detector permit
another chop.• These require high etendue and short exposures.
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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Near Earth ObjectsNear Earth Objects
• Inventory of solar system is incomplete
• LSST would get orbits of nearly all NEOs larger than 140m (per congressional mandate)
• Demanding project: requires mapping the sky down to 24th magnitude every few days, individual exposures not to exceed 15 sec
• Uses same sky tiling cadence optimal for dark energy
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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Difference imagingDifference imaging
Deep Lens Survey
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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Full sampling improves linkingFull sampling improves linking
per visit
LSST baseline cadenceusing r band data only
AAAC PresentationOctober 13, 2006
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Formation of our Galaxy and GroupFormation of our Galaxy and Group
SDSS
LSST
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Optical flashesOptical flashes
Deep Lens Survey
difference
CerroPachonLa
Serena
LSST will use existing NSF-funded fiber optic networksLSST will use existing NSF-funded fiber optic networks
Typical data raterequired ~2GB/sec