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TRANSCRIPT
2/4/2014
1
Injury Prevention Research Center
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Child Fatality Task Force February 3, 2014
“Effective North Carolina Laws for
Child Death and Injury Prevention”
Stephen W. Marshall, PhD
Director, Injury Prevention Research Center
Professor, Department of Epidemiology,
Gillings School of Global Public Health
University of North Carolina t Chapel Hill
Email: [email protected] Voice: 919-966-3916
Overview
• Legislation and Science
• InjuryFreeNC.Org
• Head Trauma
• Motor Vehicle Injuries
Legislation and Injury Prevention
• Personal safety is first and foremost an
individual and family responsibility
• Legislation should not unduly limit individuals
• Legislation should take account of the many
complex nuances of human behavior
Positives of Legislation
• Legislation can reduce of fatal & disabling
injuries and therefore help our children achieve
their full potential in life
• Legislation can reduce the economic burden of
injury to the state
Car Seat Laws for Infants
Legal
Illegal
• Good for Babies
• Good for Parents
• Good for the State
Bicycle Helmet Law
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Science and Policy-Making
Scientists should be able to….
• Summarize Research
Evidence for Policy-Makers
• Quickly and Cheaply Conduct
the Studies Needed by Policy-
Makers
• Appreciate the Complexities of
Human Safety Behavior
Science and Policy-Making
Scientists should be….
• Succinct
• Objective
• Accessible
• Up to Date
BUT …
• Scientists are Often Poor
at Communication
Example of Effective Communication
from Scientists to Policy-Makers Vision for New Website
• Injury Issues Relevant to NC
• Summarize Evidence Base
• One-stop Location for Information and Resources
• Connect with Experts and Practitioners
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• Training for NC Injury Prevention Professionals
• Team-based Network
• Problem-driven
• Mentoring and Access to Experts
• No Cost to Participants
Head Trauma
• Gfeller-Waller Concussion Law
• Motorcycle helmets
• Bicycle helmets
Matthew Gfeller, Age 15
Reynolds High School, Forsyth County, North Carolina
23 Aug 2008 : Single Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
in High School Football Game
Transported to Hospital
24 Aug 2008 : Surgical Repair Unsuccessful
Removed from Life Support
Difficult to Prevent this Fatality
Jaquan Waller, Age 16
Rose High School, Pitt County, North Carolina
17 Sept 2008 : Concussion in School Football Practice
19 Sept 2008 : Second Impact in School Football Game
Transported to Hospital
20 Sept 2008 : Died from Severe Swelling of Brain
Med. Examiner: “Second Impact Syndrome”
Preventable Fatality
Should Not have been Allowed to Play
while Injured
States with Legislation Addressing
Youth Sports-Related Concussions March 2009
NONE!
States with Legislation Addressing
Youth Sports-Related Concussions July 2012
Source: National Conference of State Legislatures (www.ncsl.org)
34 State Laws Passed 14 State Laws Pending
2/4/2014
4
Tau Protein Deposits
Healthy Control Repetitive Head Trauma
Motorcycle Helmet Law
NC’s motorcycle helmet law
means greater savings in
health care costs and better
productivity, per motorcyclist,
than any other state
MMWR June 15, 2012 / 61(23);425-430
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Perc
en
t o
f h
osp
italizati
on
s
Expected hospital charges
Traumatic Brain Injury
non-TBI
Expected charges for NC hospitalizations due to motorcycle crashes
Harmon et al. Motorcycle Crash-related Emergency Department Visits & Hospitalizations & Traumatic Brain Injuries in NC. CDC Rev.
Bicycle Helmet Law
Ride Smart: Protect Your Head
Where’s my
helmet law?
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Bicycle Helmets
• Evidence
– Bicycle helmets reduce head injury by 80%
• Important
– 70% of fatal bicycle crashes involve head injury
• Current Law: <16 Required
– Zero Enforcement
– Expand to Youth
Thompson et al., Cochrane Review 2004
Cummings et al. Accid Anal Prev. 2006;38(3):636-43.
Hagel and Pless, Accid Anal Prev, 2006;38;833-4
Motor Vehicle Crashes
• Cost of MV Injury to People of NC
– Health care
– Lost Work
– By Road User
– By Age
www.cdc.gov/motorvehiclesafety/statecosts www.cdc.gov/motorvehiclesafety/statecosts
Motor Vehicle Crashes
• Occupant Restraints
– Seat Belts, Infant & Child Car Seats
• Teen Driving & GDLS
• Distracted Driving & Electronic Devices
• Child Pedestrians & Traffic Calming
• Stopped School Buses
• Speeding in School Zones
• Safe Routes to School
Thank You Steve Marshall