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INTERNATIONAL EDITION | MONDAY, DECEMBER 12, 2016

THE OSCARSROBUST FIELD OFFOREIGN FILMSPAGE 18 | CULTURE

BRUTAL RACERIVERS, JUNGLESAND CYCLISTSPAGE 13 | SPORTS

$55 MILLION FERRARITHE ULTIMATE PRIZE FORWEALTHY COLLECTORSPAGE 19 | CULTURE

MANILA Dusk set silver-gray over thecrowd gathered in a park here on Nov.25, but the banners and placards couldstill be clearly seen. Homemade, card-board, some laminated with packingtape to protect them from the rain, thesigns expressed the rage of thousandsof young Filipinos rallying against therecent, clandestine burial of the dicta-tor Ferdinand Marcos in the Cemeteryof Heroes.

This protest was one of many thathave taken place recently across thePhilippines and by Filipinos aroundthe world. A week earlier, thousandsspontaneously flooded the streets asnews of the burial emerged. Furtherprotests have swollen into the tens of

thousands. Moreare scheduled,despite PresidentRodrigoDuterte’s vocalcommitment tothe Marcos fam-ily, whom he hassaid contributedto his electioncampaign.

“You can’t bury the truth,” a placardread. “History has its eyes on you,”said another. In unison, the crowdchanted a slogan that dated from thedays of the Marcos regime: “Marcos!Hitler! Dictator! Lap Dog!” A life-sizecardboard coffin bobbed over ourheads, and people thrust plastic shov-els in the air and repeated: “Exhumehim!”

Many students were still in theirschool uniforms. Other protesters hadclearly come straight from work. Hereand there, families sat on plasticsheets. In a corner at the back, collegekids read their poetry while youngactors played tied-up torture victims,or taped-up corpses — like those whoappear daily, now totaling thousandssince Mr. Duterte took office fivemonths ago.

The heads of activist groups andcivil society organizations took turnson stage delivering speeches or lead-ing chants. One speaker continued toread out the placards, to cheers. Somewere straightforward: “Here; LiesMarcos,” or “Marcos no hero!” Otherswere in the language of millennials:“Swipe left Marcos.” One proudly read:“Temperamental brats” — which iswhat Mr. Duterte’s communicationschief had called those who protestedagainst the Supreme Court’s splitdecision, earlier in November, to allowMarcos a hero’s burial.

For better or for worse, Mr. Dutertehas wedded his presidency to the Mar-cos family. He consistently excuses thelong dictatorship as justified. He has

Standing up to Duterte’sbrutal tactics

OPINION

The people ofthe Philippinesare taking tothe streets toprotest theirnew president.

SYJUCO, PAGE 17

Miguel SyjucoContributing Writer

Given the sheer tonnage of books al-ready devoted to the Nazis and Hitler,you might assume that everything inter-esting, terrible and bizarre is alreadyknown about one of history’s most noto-rious regimes and its genocidal leader.Then along comes Norman Ohler, a soft-spoken 46-year-old novelist from Berlin,who rummages through military ar-chives and emerges with this startlingfact: The Third Reich was on drugs.

All sorts of drugs, actually, and in stu-pefying quantities, as Mr. Ohler docu-ments in “Blitzed: Drugs in Nazi Ger-many,” a best seller in Germany andBritain that will be published in theUnited States by Houghton Mifflin Har-court in April. He was in New York Cityrecently and sat for an interview beforegiving a lecture in the East Village.

“This is actually my old neighbor-hood,” he said, sipping grape juice on asofa. “I lived around here when I wrotemy first novel, a detective story.”

Mr. Ohler fell back on his interest insleuthing during the five years it took toresearch and write “Blitzed.” Throughinterviews and documents that hadn’tbeen carefully studied before, he un-earthed new details about how soldiersof the Wehrmacht were regularly sup-plied with methamphetamine of a qual-ity that would give Walter White, of“Breaking Bad,” pangs of envy. Millionsof doses, packaged as pills, were gob-bled up in battles throughout the war,part of an officially sanctioned factory-to-front campaign against fatigue.

As surely as hangover follows high,this pharmacological stratagem workedfor a while — it was crucial to the tur-bocharged 1940 invasion and defeat ofFrance — and then did not, most notablywhen the Nazis were mired in the SovietUnion. But the most vivid portrait ofabuse and withdrawal in “Blitzed” isthat of Hitler, who for years was regu-

How Hitler’s henchmen were kept hopped up

The German author Norman Ohler details how soldiers of the Wehrmacht were sup-plied with methamphetamine in his new book, “Blitzed: Drugs in Nazi Germany.”

HIROKO MASUIKE/THE NEW YORK TIMES

HITLER, PAGE 2

Third Reich, and Hitler,got fuel from hard drugs, a new book says

BY DAVID SEGAL

Eroding gender equality A rally last month in Brussels in support of Turkey’s pro-Kurdish H.D.P. party, which has won 50 seats in Parliament. The Kurds’ long-standing commitment to equal rights for women is under attack in the face of Turkey’s crackdown after a failed coup attempt last summer. PAGE 4

EMMANUEL DUNAND/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES

His indomitable will steeled by a dozenyears in the Soviet gulag, decades ofsparring with the K.G.B. and a bout ofnear fatal heart disease, Vladimir K.Bukovsky, a tireless opponent of Sovietleaders and President Vladimir V. Putinof Russia, is not a man easily put off hisstride.

But he got knocked sideways whenBritish police officers banged on thefront door of his home on a sedate subur-ban street here early one morning whilehe lay sick in bed and informed him thatthey had “received information aboutforbidden images” in his possession.

“It was all very bizarre and disturb-ing,” Mr. Bukovsky said. “This is notnormally the language of a free society,”he added, recalling how his old K.G.B.tormentors used to hound him and his

friends over texts and photographs de-clared forbidden by the Soviet authori-ties.

The images sought by the British po-lice, however, had nothing to do with

politics but involved child pornography,a shocking offense in any jurisdiction.The officers hauled away a clunky desk-top computer from Mr. Bukovsky’sstudy — a chaos of books and papers

dusted with cigarette ash — and a bro-ken computer from his garage.

In April last year, the veteran Sovietdissident, a onetime confidant of Mar-garet Thatcher, finally found out whatwas going on: The Crown ProsecutionService announced that he faced fivecharges of making indecent images ofchildren, five charges of possession ofindecent images of children and onecharge of possession of a prohibited im-age.

The case was supposed to go to courtin May in Cambridge but, after Mr.Bukovsky, 73, entered a not-guilty plea itwas delayed until Dec. 12. This followeda prosecution request for more time toreview an independent forensic reporton what had been found on Mr.Bukovsky’s computers and how an un-identified third party had probably put itthere.

“The whole affair is Kafkaesque,” Mr.Bukovsky said in an interview. “You notonly have to prove you are not guilty butthat you are innocent.” He insisted thathe was the victim of a new and particu-larly noxious form of an old K.G.B. dirtytrick known as kompromat, the fabrica-tion and planting of compromising or il-

The Kremlin’s cyberwar tricks

Vladimir K. Bukovsky, 73, a veteran Soviet dissident, said he was the victim of thefabrication and planting of illegal material. “The whole affair is Kafkaesque,” he said.

ANDREW TESTA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND

Opponents of Russia saychild pornography is beingplanted to destroy them

BY ANDREW HIGGINS

KOMPROMAT, PAGE 6

An extraordinary breach has emergedbetween President-elect Donald J.Trump and the national security estab-lishment, with Mr. Trump mockingAmerican intelligence assessments thatRussia interfered in the election on hisbehalf, and top Republicans vowing in-vestigations into Kremlin activities.

On Saturday, intelligence officialssaid it was not until the week after theelection that the C.I.A. altered its formalassessment of Russia’s activities to con-clude that the government of PresidentVladimir V. Putin was not just trying toundermine the election, but had alsoacted to give one candidate an advan-tage.

Wary of being seen as politicizingtheir findings, C.I.A. analysts had beenreluctant to come to that conclusion inthe midst of the election — even as manysupporters of Hillary Clinton believed itwas obvious, given the leak of emailsfrom her campaign chairman and oth-ers.

One intelligence official said therewere indications in early October thatthe Russians had shifted their focus toharm Mrs. Clinton. The C.I.A.’s slownessin shifting its assessment, another offi-cial said, was one reason PresidentObama ordered a full review of “lessonslearned” on the operation to influencethe election.

But the disclosure of the still-classi-fied findings prompted a blistering at-tack against the intelligence agencies by

Trump splitswith manyin G.O.P.over hackingWASHINGTON

President-elect dismissesintelligence on Russianinvolvement in election

BY DAVID E. SANGER

Donald J. Trump during a “Thank You”rally in Grand Rapids, Mich., on Friday.

DOUG MILLS/THE NEW YORK TIMES

INTELLIGENCE, PAGE 6

CLASHING ROLES FOR TRUMPAides to the president-elect defendedhis right to profit from the reality show“The Celebrity Apprentice.” PAGE 12

THE HONEYMOON BEGINSConfidence in the economy is booming,but much of the sentiment may comefrom one political party. PAGE 9

Boundaries, Identity and the Public Realm

March 11–13, 2017

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