The Kingdom PeriodThe Kingdom Period

Class #1Class #1

Introduction to the Kingdom Introduction to the Kingdom PeriodPeriod

Dr. John T. StevensonDr. John T. Stevenson

http://JohnStevenson.net

JohnStevenson@Bellsouth.net

Textbooks

• 1 And 2 Kings: An Introduction and Commentary (Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries), D. J. Wiseman, InterVarsity, 1993.

• First and Second Chronicles: Interpretation, Steven Shawn Tuell, Westminster John Knox, 2001

Hebrew Title

Title of the Books of Kings

Greek Title

Hebrew Scriptures

Melech

“Kings”

Greek Septuagint

Basileion

“Kingdoms”

1st & 2nd Kings consisted of one

unified book

Samuel & Kings 1st Kingdoms 2nd Kingdoms 3rd Kingdoms 4th Kingdoms

Title of the Books of Chronicles

• Hebrew Title: ~ymiY"h;-yreb.DI -- D'Vri HaYomim -- “Words of the Days.”

• Greek Title: – “Things left to the side.”

2nd Chronicles

Reign of King David

From Adam to

David

Reign of King

Solomon

Divided Kingdom

Judah alone

2nd Samuel 1st Kings 2nd Kings

Israel UnitedIsrael & Judah

Divided

Judah alone

Fall of Samaria

Fall of Jerusalem

Samuel, Kings, & Chronicles

Genesis thru 1st Samuel

1st Chronicles

Death of Saul

Old Testament Book

Description New Testament

Counterpart Kings Relates historical

fact with little commentary

Synoptic Gospels

Chronicles Tells meaning of the facts

John

Kings Chronicles

Prophetic Perspective: Judgments

Priestly Perspective: Hope

Wars are prominent Temple is prominent

History of the thrones Continuity of the Davidic line

Record of both Israel & Judah

Mostly Judah

Morality Redemption

1st & 2nd Chronicles

A View from the Temple

Recipients of the Book

Those who had returned from the exile

Purpose of the Books of Chronicles

• To set forth a record of the priestly worship of God’s people from David to the exile

• To give the fulfillment of the promises of the Mosaic Law regarding faithfulness and unfaithfulness to the covenant

• To show the importance of the Scriptures in providing the rule of faith for God’s people

Theme of Theme of 11stst & 2 & 2ndnd Chronicles Chronicles

Worship in the Temple

Historical & Geographical Historical & Geographical Background to Kings & Background to Kings &

ChroniclesChronicles

The FertileCrescent

Mesopotamia

Egypt

Hatti

Mesopotamia

Egypt

Hatti

LandBridge

DESERT

Israel

Hittites

Assyria

Egypt

Babylon

Assyria

Babylon

Egypt

Hittites

AramPhoenicia

Israel

Assyria

Babylon

Egypt

Hittites

AramPhoenicia

Israel Solomon’sKingdom

1 Chronicles 1:1-4Adam, Seth, Enosh, 2 Kenan, Mahalalel, Jared, 3 Enoch, Methuselah, Lamech, 4 Noah, Shem, Ham and Japheth.

A beginning that is similar to the beginning of the book of Matthew and for the same

reasons

1 Chronicles 1:5

Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech and Tiras

The sons of Japheth were

1 Chronicles 1:8

Cush, Mizraim, Put, and Canaan.

The sons of Ham were

1 Chronicles 1:17

Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, Aram, Uz, Hul, Gether and Meshech.

The sons of Shem were

1 Chronicles 2:1-2

Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun, 2 Dan, Joseph, Benjamin, Naphtali, Gad and Asher.

These are the sons of Israel:

1 Chronicles 2:1-2

Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun, 2 Dan, Joseph, Benjamin, Naphtali, Gad and Asher.

These are the sons of Israel:

Sons of Leah

Son of Bilhah (Rachel)

Son of Bilhah (Rachel)

Sons of Rachel

Sons of Zilpah (Leah)

Adam to Abraham and his sons1

Sons of Israel down to David2

Sons of David and Solomon3

Sons of Judah & Simeon4

567

8

9

1 Chronicles 1-91 Chronicles 1-9Lineage of

David

The Prayer of JabezAnd Jabez was more honorable

than his brothers, and his mother named him Jabez saying, “Because I bore him with pain.” 10 Now Jabez called on the God of Israel, saying, “Oh that Thou wouldst bless me indeed, and enlarge my border, and that Thy hand might be with me, and that Thou wouldst keep me from harm, that it may not pain me!” And God granted him what he requested. (1 Chronicles 4:9-10).

Sons of Reuben, Gad, half tribe of Manasseh5Sons of Levi, their musicians & settlements6

Sons of Issachar, Benjamin, Naphtali, Manasseh, Ephraim, Asher

7

Sons of Benjamin (greater detail)8

Summary of Jerusalem after the exile• Priestly families• Levitical families

9

1 Chronicles 1-91 Chronicles 1-9

No mention of the tribe of Dan

Adam to Abraham and his sons1

Sons of Israel down to David2

Sons of David and Solomon3

Lineage of David

Sons of Judah & Simeon4

Death of

Saul

1-9

Genealogies of Israel

10

Reign of King DavidMighty men

Ark & Worship

11-12 13-16

Covenant promises

17-27

Templesite

28-29

Histories of Israel’s Kings

11stst Chronicles Chronicles

1 Chronicles 10:1Now the Philistines fought against

Israel; and the men of Israel fled before the Philistines and fell slain on Mount Gilboa.

1 Chronicles 10:1Now the Philistines fought against

Israel; and the men of Israel fled before the Philistines and fell slain on Mount Gilboa.

1 Chronicles 10:2-3The Philistines closely pursued Saul

and his sons, and the Philistines struck down Jonathan, Abinadab and Malchi-shua, the sons of Saul. 3 The battle became heavy against Saul, and the archers overtook him; and he was wounded by the archers.

1 Chronicles 10:4Then Saul said to his armor bearer,

“Draw your sword and thrust me through with it, otherwise these uncircumcised will come and abuse me.” But his armor bearer would not, for he was greatly afraid. Therefore Saul took his sword and fell on it.

1 Chronicles 10:7When all the men of Israel who were in

the valley saw that they had fled, and that Saul and his sons were dead, they forsook

their cities and fled; and the Philistines came and lived in them.

MountGilboa

1 Chronicles 10:8-10It came about the next day, when the

Philistines came to strip the slain, that they found Saul and his sons fallen on Mount Gilboa. 9 So they stripped him and took his head and his armor and sent messengers around the land of the Philistines to carry the good news to their idols and to the people. 10 They put his armor in the house of their gods and fastened his head in the house of Dagon.

1 Chronicles 10:11-12When all Jabesh-gilead heard all that

the Philistines had done to Saul, 12 all the valiant men arose and took away the body of Saul and the bodies of his sons and brought them to Jabesh, and they buried their bones under the oak in Jabesh, and fasted seven days.

Jabesh-gilead

AMMON

Gibeah

And he took a yoke of oxen and cut them in pieces, and sent them throughout the territory of Israel by the hand of messengers, saying, “Whoever does not come out after Saul and after Samuel, so shall it be done to his oxen.” (1 Samuel 11:7)

MountGilboa

1 Chronicles 10:13-14So Saul died for his trespass which he

committed against the LORD, because of the word of the LORD which he did not keep; and also because he asked counsel of a medium, making inquiry of it, 14 and did not inquire of the LORD. Therefore He killed him and turned the kingdom to David the son of Jesse.

Death of

Saul

1-9

Genealogies of Israel

10

Reign of King DavidMighty men

Ark & Worship

11-12 13-16

Covenant promises

17-27

Templesite

28-29

Histories of Israel’s Kings

11stst Chronicles Chronicles

1 Chronicles 11:1-2Then all Israel gathered to David at

Hebron and said, “Behold, we are your bone and your flesh. 2 In times past, even when Saul was king, you were the one who led out and brought in Israel; and the LORD your God said to you, ‘You shall shepherd My people Israel, and you shall be prince over My people Israel.’”

1 Chronicles 11:3So all the elders of Israel came to the

king at Hebron, and David made a covenant with them in Hebron before the LORD; and they anointed David king over Israel, according to the word of the LORD through Samuel.

Hebron

JUDAH

Jerusalem

Then David and all Israel went to Jerusalem (that is, Jebus);

and the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land, were

there. (1 Chronicles 11:4)

1 Chronicles 11:5-6The inhabitants of Jebus said to David,

“You shall not enter here.” Nevertheless David captured the stronghold of Zion (that is, the city of David). 6 Now David had said, “Whoever strikes down a Jebusite first shall be chief and commander.” Joab the son of Zeruiah went up first, so he became chief.

And David said on that day, "Whoever would strike the Jebusites, let him reach the lame and the blind, who are hated by David's soul, through the water tunnel."(2 Sam 5:6)

1 Chronicles 11:7-9Then David dwelt in the stronghold;

therefore it was called the city of David. 8 He built the city all around, from the Millo even to the surrounding area; and Joab repaired the rest of the city. 9 David became greater and greater, for the LORD of hosts was with him.

JerusalemJerusalem

• Canaanite city (Ebla tablets date as early as 2400 B.C.)

• Considered a neutral city by the Israelites

• Historic connections to Abraham

• The city from which Jesus would provide redemption

1 Chronicles 11:10Now these are the heads of the mighty

men whom David had, who gave him strong support in his kingdom, together with all Israel, to make him king, according to the word of the LORD concerning Israel.

~yrIABGIh;

yveÛar"

1 Chronicles 11:16-17David was then in the stronghold, while

the garrison of the Philistines was then in Bethlehem.

17 David had a craving and said, “Oh that someone would give me water to drink from the well of Bethlehem, which is by the gate!”

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1 Chronicles 11:18-19So the three broke through the camp of

the Philistines and drew water from the well of Bethlehem which was by the gate, and took it and brought it to David; nevertheless David would not drink it, but poured it out to the LORD; 19 and he said, “Be it far from me before my God that I should do this. Shall I drink the blood of these men who went at the risk of their lives? For at the risk of their lives they brought it.” Therefore he would not drink it. These things the three mighty men did.

Jesus, the Stronger Man

• Born in Bethlehem• He is the “mighty man”

who gave of Himself for others

David Jesus

• Born in Bethlehem

• His mighty men put themselves at risk

• Poured out the water they brought because of their sacrifice

• Poured out His own blood for us as the ultimate sacrifice