The Jefferson EraThe Jefferson Era

Election of 1800Election of 1800 Federalists nominate Adams again; Federalists nominate Adams again;

Republicans nominate Adams’ VP, Thomas Republicans nominate Adams’ VP, Thomas JeffersonJefferson

For the first time, political parties really For the first time, political parties really begin attacking each other in their begin attacking each other in their campaignscampaigns– Adams is portrayed by Republicans as a Adams is portrayed by Republicans as a

monarchist who wants to set himself up as kingmonarchist who wants to set himself up as king– Jefferson is portrayed a pro-revolution radical Jefferson is portrayed a pro-revolution radical

set on destroying the national governmentset on destroying the national government

Jefferson and Aaron Burr both receive 73 Jefferson and Aaron Burr both receive 73 electoral voteselectoral votes– Adams gets only 65 votesAdams gets only 65 votes– The tie creates a BIG problem: Who would be The tie creates a BIG problem: Who would be

President?President?

House of Representatives votes on who will House of Representatives votes on who will be the next Presidentbe the next President– After 36 different votes, Jefferson finally wins After 36 different votes, Jefferson finally wins

the vote and becomes Presidentthe vote and becomes President– Burr becomes VPBurr becomes VP

Jefferson Wins OutJefferson Wins Out

The House of Rep. is forced to vote to The House of Rep. is forced to vote to decide the winnerdecide the winner– After 36 votes, Jefferson finally wins and After 36 votes, Jefferson finally wins and

becomes the 3becomes the 3rdrd U.S. president; Burr is VP and U.S. president; Burr is VP and NOT happyNOT happy

– Leads to the 12Leads to the 12thth Amendment which makes Amendment which makes separate ballots for the President and VPseparate ballots for the President and VP

Jefferson’s InaugurationJefferson’s Inauguration

Jefferson was less formal than Jefferson was less formal than Washington and AdamsWashington and Adams– Walked to the new Capitol building to give Walked to the new Capitol building to give

his first speech; didn’t think the leader of a his first speech; didn’t think the leader of a republic should ride in a fancy carriagerepublic should ride in a fancy carriage

Jefferson was excited about the Jefferson was excited about the construction of the new capital cityconstruction of the new capital city– Free from any state influenceFree from any state influence

The White House Then and The White House Then and NowNow

Jefferson in OfficeJefferson in Office

As leader of the new Democratic-As leader of the new Democratic-Republican party, Jefferson had many Republican party, Jefferson had many things to accomplishthings to accomplish– First, he hand-picked his cabinet, including First, he hand-picked his cabinet, including

future president James Madisonfuture president James Madison

Jefferson also wanted to limit the role of Jefferson also wanted to limit the role of the national governmentthe national government– Let the Alien & Sedition Acts expireLet the Alien & Sedition Acts expire– Cut the size of the American military; would use Cut the size of the American military; would use

the extra money to pay off national debtthe extra money to pay off national debt– Searched for ways to get rid of domestic taxes, Searched for ways to get rid of domestic taxes,

like the one on whiskeylike the one on whiskey

Once Against, Now For. . .Once Against, Now For. . . The National BankThe National Bank

– Although he once fought against it, he was later Although he once fought against it, he was later convinced to leave it alone because it raised a convinced to leave it alone because it raised a lot of money for the governmentlot of money for the government

F.O.A. (Bellwork)F.O.A. (Bellwork)

What is happening in this editorial cartoon?

F.O.A. (Bellwork)F.O.A. (Bellwork)

Thomas Jefferson literally Thomas Jefferson literally thought a giant cybernetic John thought a giant cybernetic John Marshall robot would lay waste Marshall robot would lay waste to our to our brand-new Capitol. Capitol.

EQsEQs

Who were the first five Who were the first five presidents, what years were each presidents, what years were each of them in office, and what was of them in office, and what was one major accomplishment for one major accomplishment for each of the five men? (8.6 spi 1)each of the five men? (8.6 spi 1)

What did the cases of Marbury vs. What did the cases of Marbury vs. Madison and McCulloch vs. Madison and McCulloch vs. Maryland do for the power of the Maryland do for the power of the Supreme Court? (8.6 spi1)Supreme Court? (8.6 spi1)

EQsEQs

What are the three main points-of-What are the three main points-of-view an author can use in a story, view an author can use in a story, and why would he or she choose to and why would he or she choose to use each one? (0801.8.2) (CCSS use each one? (0801.8.2) (CCSS RL6)RL6)

How does the reader determine How does the reader determine cause and effect when reading a cause and effect when reading a passage? (0801.5.3) (CCSS RL 5)passage? (0801.5.3) (CCSS RL 5)

TodayToday

Today: Turn in projects; Today: Turn in projects; Background on Marbury v. Background on Marbury v. Madison; Reader’s TheaterMadison; Reader’s Theater

Monday: War of 1812Monday: War of 1812

Little reviewLittle review

Who beat John Adams in the election Who beat John Adams in the election of 1800?of 1800?

Why did Adams lose the election of Why did Adams lose the election of 1800?1800?

First Major Court CaseFirst Major Court Case

Marbury v. MadisonMarbury v. Madison– Federalists still dominated the Judicial Federalists still dominated the Judicial

branchbranch– The night before leaving office, Adams The night before leaving office, Adams

created several new federal “judgeships” created several new federal “judgeships” and appointed Federalists to these new and appointed Federalists to these new positionspositions

– However, because they happened so However, because they happened so late, many of them were never properly late, many of them were never properly delivered to Congress in timedelivered to Congress in time

What happened next. . .What happened next. . .– William Marbury was supposed to receive one of William Marbury was supposed to receive one of

these positions, but Jefferson would not approve these positions, but Jefferson would not approve Adams’ “midnight judges”Adams’ “midnight judges”

– Marbury asked the Supreme Court to help out, Marbury asked the Supreme Court to help out, which was headed by a Federalist chief justice which was headed by a Federalist chief justice named named John MarshallJohn Marshall

Jefferson believed that the Federalist Jefferson believed that the Federalist Marshall would agree with MarburyMarshall would agree with Marbury– But he actually ruled that the Supreme Court did But he actually ruled that the Supreme Court did

not have the authority to change Jefferson’s not have the authority to change Jefferson’s decision; ruled the “midnight judges” were decision; ruled the “midnight judges” were unconstitutionalunconstitutional

– Established the Supreme Court’s power of Established the Supreme Court’s power of judicial reviewjudicial review (can declare laws (can declare laws unconstitutional)unconstitutional)

Reader’s TheaterReader’s Theater

Mr. Ezzell will read this aloud.Mr. Ezzell will read this aloud. Next, you read it and write down Next, you read it and write down

any words that give you trouble.any words that give you trouble. While you’re reading the story, Mr. While you’re reading the story, Mr.

Ezzell will assign parts by posting Ezzell will assign parts by posting names on a sticky note. The names on a sticky note. The narrator’s parts are in italics.narrator’s parts are in italics.

Let’s review the words that give Let’s review the words that give you problems.you problems.

Reader’s TheaterReader’s Theater

Everyone will practice their lines Everyone will practice their lines with a partner for two minutes.with a partner for two minutes.

Mr. Ezzell will set the timer on the Mr. Ezzell will set the timer on the overhead.overhead.

QuestionQuestion

What happened in the play?What happened in the play?

AssignmentAssignment

Write two paragraphs in which Write two paragraphs in which you tell me the cause and effect you tell me the cause and effect of Marbury v. Madison.of Marbury v. Madison.

A paragraph is 4-5 sentences.A paragraph is 4-5 sentences. If you need to use your book, the If you need to use your book, the

case is on pages 269-270.case is on pages 269-270.

Reader’s TheaterReader’s Theater

The Louisiana PurchaseThe Louisiana Purchase

By the early 1800s, Spain was growing By the early 1800s, Spain was growing tired of trying to maintain the large tired of trying to maintain the large territory of Louisianaterritory of Louisiana

In 1802, Spain secretly traded the land over In 1802, Spain secretly traded the land over to Franceto France– Napoleon, France’s emperor, wanted to use it to Napoleon, France’s emperor, wanted to use it to

control all of North Americacontrol all of North America– France was at war with Britain; Napoleon had France was at war with Britain; Napoleon had

already conquered much of Europealready conquered much of Europe

Before trading LA, Spain once again closed Before trading LA, Spain once again closed the NOLA port to the U.S.the NOLA port to the U.S.– Jefferson sends James Monroe to buy only the Jefferson sends James Monroe to buy only the

port of New Orleans from Franceport of New Orleans from France– Napoleon needs money for war, so he sells the Napoleon needs money for war, so he sells the

whole territory for $15 millionwhole territory for $15 million

Jefferson wasn’t happy at firstJefferson wasn’t happy at first– Strict constructionist; Constitution said nothing Strict constructionist; Constitution said nothing

about buying new landsabout buying new lands– Agrees, however, that it is a good thing in the Agrees, however, that it is a good thing in the

end; doubles the size of Americaend; doubles the size of America

Gotta Scope It Out. . .Gotta Scope It Out. . .

Lewis & Clark ExpeditionLewis & Clark Expedition Nobody really knew what was in the new Nobody really knew what was in the new

Louisiana TerritoryLouisiana Territory Jefferson hires Jefferson hires Meriwether LewisMeriwether Lewis and and

William ClarkWilliam Clark to check it out to check it out– They are aided by They are aided by SacagaweaSacagawea, a female Indian , a female Indian

who interprets for themwho interprets for them

Lewis & Clark travel almost 8,000 miles Lewis & Clark travel almost 8,000 miles during their expeditionduring their expedition– Never find the Pacific Ocean thoughNever find the Pacific Ocean though

The Coming of WarThe Coming of War

Britain & France both began violating Britain & France both began violating America’s neutralityAmerica’s neutrality– Began stealing supplies off American trade Began stealing supplies off American trade

shipsships– The British began forcing some American sailors The British began forcing some American sailors

to serve in the British navy (to serve in the British navy (impressmentimpressment))

The U.S. responds by passing the The U.S. responds by passing the Embargo Embargo ActAct– Embargo Embargo – The banning of trade– The banning of trade– The U.S. basically stopped all trade with The U.S. basically stopped all trade with

everyone; didn’t workeveryone; didn’t work

The Embargo Act hurt the U.S. more than it The Embargo Act hurt the U.S. more than it helped; trashed it and then passed another helped; trashed it and then passed another embargo against France & Britainembargo against France & Britain– Had the same effect basically; not very goodHad the same effect basically; not very good

Assignment Assignment

Draw and color the map on page Draw and color the map on page 273.273.

Don’t do the Spanish territory or Don’t do the Spanish territory or Canada.Canada.

Label every American territory, Label every American territory, as well as the Mississippi River as well as the Mississippi River and Lewis and Clark’s return.and Lewis and Clark’s return.

Include a keyInclude a key

Fighting in the WestFighting in the West Indian forces led by Indian forces led by TecumsehTecumseh, a , a

Shawnee chief, begin attacking Shawnee chief, begin attacking Americans in the WestAmericans in the West

Defeated at the Defeated at the Battle of TippecanoeBattle of Tippecanoe by William Henry Harrisonby William Henry Harrison– Evidence reveals that Britain had Evidence reveals that Britain had

supplied and aided Tecumsehsupplied and aided Tecumseh

Many members of Congress wanted war Many members of Congress wanted war with Britain; nicknamed “with Britain; nicknamed “War HawksWar Hawks””

Most New England Federalists did not want Most New England Federalists did not want war; wanted to seek peace with Britainwar; wanted to seek peace with Britain

New PresidentNew President In 1808, In 1808, James Madison James Madison becomes the becomes the

fourth Presidentfourth President– Influenced by the War Hawks (led by Influenced by the War Hawks (led by

Henry Clay), Madison convinces Congress Henry Clay), Madison convinces Congress to declare war against Britain in 1812to declare war against Britain in 1812

War of 1812War of 1812 Americans vs. British & Native AmericansAmericans vs. British & Native Americans Fighting begins at sea; U.S. wins a lot in Fighting begins at sea; U.S. wins a lot in

the beginningthe beginning– Many of Britain’s ships were being used to Many of Britain’s ships were being used to

fight Francefight France

Soon, however, Britain begins to winSoon, however, Britain begins to win– Defeats France; concentrates solely on Defeats France; concentrates solely on

U.S.U.S.– Use Use blockadesblockades on American ports on American ports– Win in Canada, NW Territory, and even Win in Canada, NW Territory, and even

Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.

Major U.S. VictoriesMajor U.S. Victories Fort McHenry (Baltimore, MD)Fort McHenry (Baltimore, MD)

– Francis Scott Key & “The Star-Spangled Francis Scott Key & “The Star-Spangled Banner”Banner”

Battle of New OrleansBattle of New Orleans– American forces led by Andrew Jackson American forces led by Andrew Jackson

defeat much larger British forcedefeat much larger British force– Last major battle of the War of 1812Last major battle of the War of 1812

Effects of the WarEffects of the War The The Treaty of GhentTreaty of Ghent ends the war ends the war Consequences of the war:Consequences of the war:

– Increased patriotism in AmericaIncreased patriotism in America– Broke the power of many Indian groupsBroke the power of many Indian groups– American manufacturing increasedAmerican manufacturing increased