the internationalization of higher education emerlinda r. roman university of the philippines

The Internationalization of Higher Education

EMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN

University of the PhilippinesUniversity of the Philippines

improvement in the quality of education increases in the quantity of graduates

and other outputs efficiency in the way universities are

managed graduates with a global outlook

Globalization has demanded from universities the following:

The Internationalization of Higher EducationThe Internationalization of Higher EducationEMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN

curricular programs more responsive to national needsuse of teaching materials that have local or national flavoruse of national languagefocus teaching on promoting nationalist ideals

Higher EducationHigher Education

FROM nationalization

(inward looking)


TO internationalization

international higher education’s role in augmenting national capacity with focus on a country’s development as it relates with other countries

FROM nationalization

(outward looking)


Higher EducationHigher Education

International StrategiesInternational Strategies

cross-border education

internationalizing curriculum


Reasons/Drivers of Cross-Border Education

1. Increasing demand for quality higher education

2. Inadequate opportunities for higher education in the home country

3. Increasing support and initiatives for studies abroad

national governments

foreign governments

international providers

private sector

4. Increasing interest in international, regional, country studies programs

Cross-Border EducationCross-Border Education



Forms of Cross-Border Education

1. student mobility

2. program or institution mobility

3. professor mobility

Cross-Border EducationCross-Border Education

Trends*:1. Bright students from developing countries cross over to

study in the world’s best universities.

SOURCE: OECD/Norway Forum on Trade in Educational Services


Students cross borders to receive foreign education.

Student MobilityStudent Mobility

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Trends*:2. China and India are biggest exporters of students.





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Trends*:3. US, Great Britain, France, Germany and Australia are

favorite destinations.




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Trends*:4. In Asia, Japan is most popular destination.





Trends*:5. Choice of country and university influenced by:

- perceived quality and reputation of university/education system

- geography- historical connections to particular countries- language- affordability- accessibility- possibility of subsequent migration




Types*:

• Franchising agreement

• Twinning arrangement

• Distance learning/online education

• Branch campuses

SOURCE: Simon Marginson and Grant McBurnie, “Cross-border Post-Secondary Education in the Asia Pacific Region”

Program/Institution MobilityProgram/Institution Mobility


Program or institution crosses borders.

- usually part of academic exchange programs

- professors handle courses with international dimensions

Professor MobilityProfessor Mobility


Professors cross borders.

- International relations- International business- International finance- Chinese studies- Japan studies- European studies- Asian studies

Internationalizing the CurriculumInternationalizing the Curriculum


Offering courses with international dimension

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1. Preference is the Filipino students.

2. Hiring policy prioritize Filipino nationals.


Constraints of a State/Public University

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The Case of the University of the PhilippinesThe Case of the University of the Philippines

The Case of the University of the PhilippinesThe Case of the University of the Philippines


No. of international students in 2007-2008

No. of international faculty last 3 years

No. of international conferences organized in last 3 years

No. of faculty sent abroad to read papers in international conferences funded by UP in the last 3 years

No. of academic cooperation agreements

UP is member of several international networks

: 1000

: 341

: 260

: 1709

: 200

Internationalization of Higher EducationInternationalization of Higher Education


Who benefits?

Gains from Internationalization of Higher EducationGains from Internationalization of Higher Education


1. Capacity building

2. Mutual understanding

3. Global citizenship

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Problems with InternationalizationProblems with Internationalization


1. Brain drain- attraction of higher paying jobs, better working conditions and comfortable lifestyles in developed countries have discouraged students from returning home- some developed countries are unable to produce their own human resource requirements and compete for foreign professionals- some developing countries are unable to recoup their investment in their scholars.

2. International education responds more to market forces than to requisites for nation-building- Skeptics argue that the ascendance of a market ideology has weakened the concept of country and of nationalism

3. Migration from public sector to private sector- BUT, a booming private sector can augment national development efforts.


Problems with InternationalizationProblems with Internationalization

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In the knowledge-based economy, knowledge workers and professionals are the most sought after and the most important competitive advantage that a country can have.

Challenge is for countries to translate this competitive advantage into opportunities that will benefit the country.

Philippines – “Balik Scientist” Program

India – Technoparks have attracted their engineers and scientists back home

Taiwan – overseas Chinese invest in Taiwan, some come home to become successful entrepreneurs


Challenge is to convert brain drain into “ brain circulation” so that there is “net brain gain” to the country.


the internationalization of higher education emerlinda r. roman university of the philippines

Documents

roman higher education

quality higher education

foreign education

quality of education

roman slide

roman http

student mobility http

philippines slide