the integrated environmental control model (iecmcs)

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The Integrated Environmental The Integrated Environmental Control Model (Control Model (IECMIECMcscs):):A Framework and Tool to EvaluateA Framework and Tool to Evaluate

COCO22 Capture and Storage (CCS) Capture and Storage (CCS) Options for Fossil Fuel Power PlantsOptions for Fossil Fuel Power Plants

Edward S. RubinDepartment of Engineering and Public Policy

Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburgh, Pennsylvania

DOE/NETL Carbon Sequestration Project Review Meeting Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

September 27, 2005

E.S. Rubin, Carnegie Mellon

Many Factors Affect the Many Factors Affect the Performance and Cost of CCSPerformance and Cost of CCS

• Choice of CO2 capture & storage (CCS) technology• Process design and operating variables• Economic and financial parameters• Choice of system boundaries; e.g.,

Power plant only vs. partial or complete life cycleOne facility vs. a multi-plant system (regional, national or global)GHG gases considered (CO2 only vs. all GHGs)

• Time frame of interestCurrent technology vs. future (improved) systemsConsideration of technological “learning”

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Project ObjectivesProject Objectives

• Develop a tool to systematically evaluate the plant-level performance and cost of alternative CCS options

• Incorporate both current and advanced technologies for power generation and CO2 capture

• Integrate carbon management technologies with other environmental control systems

• Characterize key uncertainties in performance and cost (of components and the overall system)

• Provide user-friendly operation with flexibility and transparency of assumptions

The product: IECM desktop computer model


Modeling ApproachModeling Approach

• Systems Analysis Approach• Process Technology Models• Engineering Economic Models• Advanced Software Capabilities

Probabilistic analysis capabilityUser-friendly graphical interfaceEasy to add or update models

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Schematic of a CCS SystemSchematic of a CCS System

Energy Conversion

Process

Air orOxygen

Coal orNatural Gas

UsefulProducts

(Electricity, Fuels,Chemicals, Hydrogen)

CO2 CO2Capture

CO2Transport

CO2 Storage (Sequestration)

- Post-combustion- Pre-combustion- Oxyfuel combustion

- Pipeline - Depl. oil/gas fields- Saline formations- Coal seams- Ocean


MultiMulti--Pollutant Interactions Pollutant Interactions Also are Explicitly ModeledAlso are Explicitly Modeled

CriteriaAir

Pollutants

PMSO2

NOx

HazardousAir

Pollutants

HgHClH2SO4

CO2

CH4

GreenhouseGas

Emissions

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Model Software PackageModel Software Package

PowerPowerPlantPlant

ModelsModels

GraphicalGraphicalUserUser

InterfaceInterface

Plant andPlant andFuelFuel

DatabasesDatabases

Fuel PropertiesFuel PropertiesHeating ValueHeating ValueCompositionCompositionDelivered CostDelivered Cost

Plant DesignPlant DesignConversion ProcessConversion ProcessEmission ControlsEmission ControlsSolid Waste MgmtSolid Waste MgmtChemical InputsChemical Inputs

Cost DataCost DataO&M CostsO&M CostsCapital CostsCapital CostsFinancial FactorsFinancial Factors

Plant & ProcessPlant & ProcessPerformancePerformance

-- EfficiencyEfficiency-- Resource useResource use

EnvironmentalEnvironmentalEmissionsEmissions

-- Air, water, landAir, water, land

Plant & ProcessPlant & ProcessCosts Costs -- CapitalCapital

-- O&MO&M-- COECOE


Partial List of Recent IECM Users Partial List of Recent IECM Users **

ABBAEP-SCR EngineeringAirborne TechnologiesAkzo Nobel Functional ChemAlberta Economic DevelopmentAlberta EnvironmentALCOA Power Generating, Inc.Allegheny Energy SupplyAlliant EnergyAlstom Power Inc.American Electric PowerApogee Scientific, Inc.Applied Technology ServicesArgonne National LaboratoryATCO PowerBabcock Borsig Power, Inc.Babcock & Wilcox Co.Bechtel Power Corp.Black & Veatch Corp.BOC GasesBoiler Systems EngineeringCanada EnvironmentCanada Natural ResourcesCarnegie Mellon UniversityCinergy Power Generation Clean Energy Int.Cogentrix Energy, Inc.CONSOL Energy, Inc.Consumers EnergyCP&LCPG, Inc.CQ, Inc.

Croll-ReynoldsDepartment of Environmental ProtDetroit Edison Co.Diamond Power Specialty Co Doyen & Associates, Inc.Duke Engineering & Services.Duke Fluor DanielDynegy Midwest GenerationElectric Energy, Inc. (EEI)Electricte de FranceEmera Inc.Emery Recycling CorporationEnel ProduzioneEnerenUEEnergy & Environ Research Corp.Energy & Environ StrategiesEnergy Systems AssociatesEnergy Technology Enterprises ENSR, Inc.Environmental DefenseEnvirol & Renewable Energy SystEPRIExportech Company, Inc.FirstEnergy Corp.Florida Power & Light Co.FLS Miljo A/SFortum Power and Heat OyFossil Energy Research Corp.Foster Wheeler DevelopmentFoster Wheeler USA Corp.Fuel Tech, Inc.General Electric Company

Goodwin Environmental Great River EnergyGyeongsang National UniversityH&W Management Science Hamon Research Cottrell, Inc.Harza EngineeringHolland Board of Public WorksIEA Coal ResearchIllinois Clean Coal InstituteIllinois Dept. of Natural ResourcesIllinois EPAIllinois Institute of TechnologyIndiana Dept. of Env. Mgt.Intermountain Power Service Corp.Jack R. McDonald, Inc.Kansas City Power & Light Co.KEMA Nederland B.V.KinectricsKorea Electric Power CorporationKorea Institute of Energy ResearchKorea Western Power Co.Krupp Polysius Corp.LAB SALehigh UniversityLower Colorado River AuthorityMail Station PAß358McDermott Technology, Inc.MidAmerican Energy Co.Minnkota Power Cooperative, Inc.Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.Mitsui Babcock Energy Ltd.National Park Service

National Power Plc.NESCAUMNew Hampshire Dept. of Env. SvcNew Jersey DEPNicholson Environmental, Inc.Niksa Energy AssociatesNIPSCONiro A/SNorth Carolina DENRNorth Carolina State UnivOntario Power GenerationPacific Corp.Parsons TechnologyPavillon Technologies, Inc.Pennsylvania Electric AssocPEPCOPG&E National Energy GroupPinnacle West EnergyPotomac Electric Power Co.PowerGenPPL Generation, LLCPPL Montana, LLCPredict Maintenance TechPrinceton UniversityProgress Materials, Inc.PSEG Power LLCPublic Power InstituteReaction Engineering IntlResearch Triangle InstituteRheinbraun Brennstoff GmbHSargent & Lundy, LLC

SaskPowerSavvy Engineering, LLCScientechSierra Pacific Power Co.Southern Company Services, Inc.State of New JerseyStone & Webster Engineering Corp.Superior Adsorbents, Inc.SyncrudeTampa Electric Co.Tennessee Valley Authority Texas Natural Resource Conv CommTNO Envit, Energy & Process InnovTransAltaTXU ElectricU.S. DOEU.S. EPAUniversity of CaliforniaUniversity of New OrleansUniversity of PittsburghURS CorporationUtah Dept. of Env. QualityW.L. Gore & Associates, Inc.Washington PowerWestern Kentucky Energy Corp.Wheelabrator Air PollControlWisconsin Dept. of Nat ResourcesWisconsin Electric Power Co.Wisconsin Energy Corp.Wisconsin Public Service Corp.Wisvest-Connecticut, LLC

________*As of April 2002; approx.1000 users as of 2005

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A Quick Tour of the ModelA Quick Tour of the Model

• Free Web Download :www. iecm-online.com

• Technical Support:[email protected]

• Other Inquires:[email protected]@cmu.edu

Select Plant Type

Carnegie Mellon

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PC Plant with COPC Plant with CO22 CaptureCapture

Carnegie Mellon

NGCC Plant with CONGCC Plant with CO22 CaptureCapture

Carnegie Mellon

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IGCC Plant with COIGCC Plant with CO22 CaptureCapture

Carnegie Mellon

Set Financial Parameters

Carnegie Mellon

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Specify Fuel Properties

Carnegie Mellon

Set Power Block Performance Parameters

Carnegie Mellon

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Get Results for Overall Plant

Carnegie Mellon

Get Results for Plant Mass Balance

Carnegie Mellon

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Get Results for Specific Components

Carnegie Mellon

Illustrative Case StudiesIllustrative Case Studies

Carnegie Mellon

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Case Study AssumptionsCase Study Assumptions

Geologic13.890

Shift+Selexol

13.813.8Pipeline Pressure (MPa)

2 x 7FATexaco quenchSupercriticalReference Plant Reference Plant (~500 MW)(~500 MW)Nat. GasPgh #8Pgh #8Fuel Type

GeologicGeologicStorage Method

9090CO2 Removal (%)AmineAmineCO2 Capture System

CCS Plant CCS Plant (~500 (~500 MWMWnetnet))4.01.21.2Fuel Cost, HHV ($/GJ)757575Capacity Factor (%)

50.337.539.5Net HHV Efficiency (%)

NGCCNGCCIGCCIGCCPCPCParameterParameter

Also: fixed charge factor = 0.148; all costs in constant 2002 US$


Cost of Electricity (COE) Cost of Electricity (COE) (Levelized $/MWh)(Levelized $/MWh)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90Ref. Plant

46 4348

PC NGCCIGCC PC NGCCIGCC

56

66

57

EOR Storage

+capture + transport & storage82

6270

PC NGCCIGCC

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Cost of COCost of CO22 Avoided ($/tonne COAvoided ($/tonne CO22))(relative to a similar reference plant without capture)(relative to a similar reference plant without capture)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

PC NGCCIGCC

51

30

59

capture transport + storage

PC NGCCIGCC

31

12

41

EOR Storage


ReminderReminder:: Different Assumptions Different Assumptions May Give Different ResultsMay Give Different Results

Cum

ulat

ive

Prob

abili

ty

CO2 Mitigation Cost ($/tonne CO2 avoided)

1.00.90.80.70.60.50.40.30.20.10.0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

DETERMINISTIC

Uncertainty or Variability in:- CO2 capture efficiency- steam-electric penalty- compressor efficiency- lean sorbent loading- process facilities cost- CO2 storage cost- variable operating costs- gross plant heat rate- plant capacity factor- fixed charge factor

Cost Variationsfor Amine-Based

Coal Plant

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• CCS energy requirements are defined here as the increase in energy input per unit of product output (relative to a similar plant without capture)

• This measure directly affects the plant-level resource requirements and emissions per MWh of:

Fuel and reagent useAir pollutant emissions Solid and liquid wastesUpstream (life cycle) impacts

• Additional energy/MWh for case study plants: PC = 31 %; IGCC = 16%; NGCC = 18%

Importance of the CCSImportance of the CCS““Energy PenaltyEnergy Penalty””


Summary of CCS Impacts on Summary of CCS Impacts on Resource Use & Emission RatesResource Use & Emission Rates

PC b IGCC c NGCC d Capture Plant Parameter a Rate Increase Rate Increase Rate Increase Resource Consumption (all values in kg/MWh)

Fuel 390 93 361 49 156 23 Limestone 27.5 6.8 - - - - Ammonia 0.80 0.19 - - - -

CCS Reagents 2.76 2.76 0.005 0.005 0.80 0.80 Solid Wastes/ Byproduct

Ash/slag 28.1 6.7 34.2 4.7 - - FGD residues 49.6 12.2 - - - -

Sulfur - - 7.53 1.04 - - Spent CCS sorbent 4.05 4.05 0.005 0.005 0.94 0.94

Atmospheric Emissions CO2 107 –704 97 –720 43 –342 SOx 0.001 – 0.29 0.33 0.05 - - NOx 0.77 0.18 0.10 0.01 0.11 0.02 NH3 0.23 0.22 - - 0.002 0.002

a,b,c,d See Rubin, et.al, Proc. GHGT-7 (2005) for details of case study assumptions

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Potential Cost ReductionsPotential Cost Reductionsfrom Technology Innovationfrom Technology Innovation

Carnegie Mellon


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CheaperBoiler

Potential COE Reductions ($/MWh)Potential COE Reductions ($/MWh)for the PC Plant w/Amine Capturefor the PC Plant w/Amine Capture

0102030405060708090

10087 84

PlantDerate

SameOutput

71 69 68

FutureAmines

HeatIntegr.

AmineCapex

Reference Plant

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Potential Cost Reductions: Potential Cost Reductions: Cost of COCost of CO22 Avoided ($/Avoided ($/tonnetonne COCO22))

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

57

31

52

29

34

49

PlantDerate

SameOutput

CheaperBoiler

FutureAmines

HeatIntegr.

AmineCapex


Work in ProgressWork in Progress• Develop and incorporate models of advanced CO2

capture options and power systems :Oxyfuel combustion systemsITM oxygen productionAdvanced IGCC designs

• Develop more detailed models of CO2 transport and storage:

Regional pipeline transport modelDeep saline aquifer storage modelEOR storage model

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Pipeline Transport Model StructurePipeline Transport Model Structure

MODEL INPUTS MODEL OUTPUTS


Aquifer Storage Model StructureAquifer Storage Model Structure

MODEL INPUTS MODEL OUTPUTS

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Work in Progress (Work in Progress (concon’’tt.).)• Models of advanced capture options and power systems

Oxyfuel combustion systemsITM oxygen productionAdvanced IGCC designs

• More detailed models of CO2 transport and storage:Pipeline transport modelSaline aquifer storage modelEOR storage model

• Illustrative model applicationsComparative assessments for new or existing plantsAssessments of R&D benefits

• User training and outreach

the integrated environmental control model (iecmcs)

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