the industrial revolution late 1700’s- early 1800’s
DESCRIPTION
The Industrial Revolution Fundamental changes in the way goods were made and produced.Fundamental changes in the way goods were made and produced. –From cottage industry to factories –MASS PRODUCTION Large scale production of identical goodsLarge scale production of identical goods –Steam power to run machineryTRANSCRIPT
TheThe Industrial Industrial RevolutionRevolution
Late 1700’s- Early 1800’s
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONINDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION• What factors caused the What factors caused the
Industrial Revolution?Industrial Revolution?
• How did the Industrial Revolution How did the Industrial Revolution change the ways people lived?change the ways people lived?
The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution• Fundamental changes in the way Fundamental changes in the way
goods were made and produced.goods were made and produced.
– From cottage industry to factoriesFrom cottage industry to factories– MASS PRODUCTIONMASS PRODUCTION
• Large scale production of identical Large scale production of identical goodsgoods
– Steam power to run machinerySteam power to run machinery
Why Industrialization begins in Why Industrialization begins in Great BritainGreat Britain
Geographical Geographical AdvantagesAdvantages
Harbors, rivers & Harbors, rivers & coalcoal
Transportation Transportation and and CommunicationsCommunications
Coastal trade, Coastal trade, canals, port towns, canals, port towns, postal service, postal service, newspapers, navynewspapers, navy
Why Industrialization begins in Why Industrialization begins in BritainBritain
Large Colonial Large Colonial EmpireEmpire
Raw materialsRaw materials
• Powerful Powerful middle classmiddle class
• Capital, labor Capital, labor and new and new industrial industrial inventionsinventions
Why Industrialization begins in Why Industrialization begins in BritainBritain
• Improvements Improvements in Agriculturein Agriculture
• Scientific method Scientific method use to improve use to improve productionproduction
Innovations in Textile Innovations in Textile ManufacturingManufacturing
Spinning jennySpinning jenny (1764), used a (1764), used a single wheel to control several single wheel to control several spindles at a time.spindles at a time.
Innovations in Textile ManufacturingInnovations in Textile Manufacturing
**James WattJames Watt, a Scottish , a Scottish inventor, improved the inventor, improved the steam-enginesteam-engine (1769) (1769)Allowed factories to Allowed factories to
be placed anywhere, be placed anywhere, no longer dependant no longer dependant on water on water
SHIFTING from home to factorySHIFTING from home to factory
From From HOMEHOME to Factory to FactoryDOMESTIC SYSTEMDOMESTIC SYSTEM
Before the Industrial Revolution Before the Industrial Revolution craftsmen working at craftsmen working at homehome, spinning , spinning wool by hand wool by hand
From Home to From Home to FACTORYFACTORY• Factories, large Factories, large
number of workers number of workers could be supervised could be supervised and use machines and use machines driven by water or driven by water or steam powersteam power
• England’s plentiful England’s plentiful supplies of coal and supplies of coal and water provided water provided resources to run the resources to run the factoriesfactories
Working ConditionsWorking ConditionsAppalling places to work, with unsafe Appalling places to work, with unsafe and unpleasant conditionsand unpleasant conditionsWork hours were long, and workers Work hours were long, and workers pay was lowpay was lowChildren preformed dangerous tasksChildren preformed dangerous tasks
Write a caption for this Write a caption for this cartooncartoon
U R B A N I Z A T I O NU R B A N I Z A T I O NFrom the countryside farms (RURAL)From the countryside farms (RURAL)
L A R G E C I T I E SL A R G E C I T I E SL A R G E C I T I E SL A R G E C I T I E S
URBANIZATIONURBANIZATIONWith the With the shift shift of work to factories, large of work to factories, large
number of workers moved from their number of workers moved from their farms and homes in the countryside to farms and homes in the countryside to cities.cities.
UrbanizationUrbanization• Cities became Cities became
crowded and crowded and highly unsanitaryhighly unsanitary
• Factory smoke Factory smoke polluted the airpolluted the air
• Local governments Local governments were often unable were often unable to cope with the to cope with the needs of large needs of large numbers of numbers of workersworkers
INDUSTRIALIZATIONINDUSTRIALIZATION• C H A N G E SC H A N G E S
– TransportationTransportation
– Family lifeFamily life
– Reform movementsReform movements
– CommunismCommunism
TransportationTransportation• Railroads & Railroads &
SteamboatsSteamboats– Used steam engines Used steam engines -unified economies by -unified economies by
linking regions & linking regions & connected Europeconnected Europe
Railroads Railroads connected Europe connected Europe
Steamboats Steamboats
• Impact on the Impact on the Midwest & Midwest & Southeast of Southeast of United States as United States as goods could be goods could be more easily more easily carried via riverscarried via rivers
Changes to European Changes to European SocietySociety
• New middle class New middle class of of CAPITALISTSCAPITALISTS– From the middle From the middle
classclass• EntrepreneursEntrepreneurs
– Owned the means Owned the means of productionof production
– Managed Managed businesses and businesses and factoriesfactories
Changes in European SocietyChanges in European Society
• Working classWorking class– Left Left
countryside for countryside for industrial industrial areas, provided areas, provided labor for wageslabor for wages
Role of the Government in early Role of the Government in early 1919thth century Capitalism century Capitalism
• Governments Governments followed a followed a LAISSEZ-FAIRE LAISSEZ-FAIRE policy.policy.– Did not interfere Did not interfere
with business with business owners and owners and workers. workers.
Changes to family lifeChanges to family life• Shift from the Shift from the
family working as family working as farmers or farmers or craftsman to craftsman to families working in families working in factoriesfactories
• Child laborChild labor• Less time spent Less time spent
with familywith family• Families moved Families moved
from villages into from villages into towns and citiestowns and cities
• Crowded, small Crowded, small apartmentsapartments
• RISE IN CITY CRIME RISE IN CITY CRIME -Gangs-Gangs
Family Life sufferedFamily Life suffered
• Less access to fresh Less access to fresh water and sunlightwater and sunlight
• Spread of diseases Spread of diseases like cholera and like cholera and typhustyphus
For most children For most children industrialization industrialization
meant – meant – Factory Work, shift Factory Work, shift
work & work & Child LaborChild Labor
Social ReformsSocial Reforms• In In EnglandEngland, ,
ParliamentParliament passed laws passed laws – Banning women Banning women
and children from and children from working in the working in the minesmines
– Limited work Limited work hours to 10 hours hours to 10 hours per dayper day
– For safer working For safer working conditionsconditions Queen Victoria and her Queen Victoria and her
husband Prince Albert worked husband Prince Albert worked to help the poorto help the poor
Medical ImprovementsMedical Improvements• LOUIS PASTEURLOUIS PASTEUR
– Improved Improved sanitary practicessanitary practices
– Developed Developed vaccines to vaccines to combat anthrax combat anthrax and rabiesand rabies
– Heating of liquids Heating of liquids to kill germsto kill germs• PASTEURIZATIONPASTEURIZATION
Municipal ReformsMunicipal Reforms
Improvements to life in the citiesImprovements to life in the cities
Municipal ImprovementsMunicipal Improvements
Improved water supply, Improved water supply, sewage system and trash sewage system and trash
collectioncollection
Sewer Sewer systemssystems
Municipal ReformsMunicipal Reforms
Public School SystemsPublic School Systems
Municipal ReformsMunicipal Reforms
City police forces to reduce crimeCity police forces to reduce crime
Sir Robert Peel’s London “Bobbies”Sir Robert Peel’s London “Bobbies”
L A B O R R E F O R M SL A B O R R E F O R M S
• Workers organized UNIONS to getWorkers organized UNIONS to get – Better wagesBetter wages– Improve working conditionsImprove working conditions– Used STRIKES to achieve goalsUsed STRIKES to achieve goals