The Industrial The Industrial Revolution…the SequelRevolution…the Sequel

““This time it’s personal!”This time it’s personal!”

The Second Industrial revolutionThe Second Industrial revolution

As we learned, the Industrial revolution As we learned, the Industrial revolution took place in Britain (England, the U.K, took place in Britain (England, the U.K, etc.)etc.)

The first Industrial Revolution was driven The first Industrial Revolution was driven by new technologies such as steam by new technologies such as steam engines and ironengines and iron

Industrial Revolution IIIndustrial Revolution II

The second industrial revolution began in The second industrial revolution began in the early 1800’sthe early 1800’s

This is when other countries began to This is when other countries began to industrialize.industrialize.

Other countries began to steal Other countries began to steal British plans and technologies so British plans and technologies so that they too could industrialize.that they too could industrialize.

Before long nations such as Germany and Before long nations such as Germany and the United States had surpassed (gone the United States had surpassed (gone beyond) Britain.beyond) Britain.

They were producing more goodsThey were producing more goods

They were producing faster and more They were producing faster and more efficientlyefficiently

WHY? WHY?

What Effects did industrialization What Effects did industrialization have on these countries?have on these countries?

The same effects it had on England.The same effects it had on England.

People working long hours for low payPeople working long hours for low pay

Terrible pollutionTerrible pollution

SlumsSlums

People being hurt or killed at workPeople being hurt or killed at work

Child LaborChild Labor

Technologies of the second Technologies of the second Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

1) Steel1) Steel

2) Chemicals2) Chemicals

3) Electricity3) Electricity

4) New methods of production4) New methods of production

SteelSteel

Bessemer ProcessBessemer Process: : New way to make steelNew way to make steel Made better steel faster and cheaperMade better steel faster and cheaper

Everything from bridges to boats to buildings Everything from bridges to boats to buildings began to be made of steel.began to be made of steel.

ChemicalsChemicals

New chemicals created new products:New chemicals created new products: Aspirin, perfume, soapAspirin, perfume, soap Why do you think cheaper, better soap was Why do you think cheaper, better soap was

such an important contribution to society?such an important contribution to society?

Chemical fertilizers meant that more food Chemical fertilizers meant that more food could be growncould be grownIncreased food production… what would Increased food production… what would that mean to society?that mean to society?

ElectricityElectricity

Invention of the Invention of the dynamodynamo led to power led to power plants, bringing electricity to more people plants, bringing electricity to more people in society through cablesin society through cables

Edison’s light bulb allowed factories to Edison’s light bulb allowed factories to stay open longerstay open longer

Production increased. Production increased.

New Methods of ProductionNew Methods of Production

Interchangeable partsInterchangeable parts

Assembly lineAssembly line

These inventions allowed factories to These inventions allowed factories to produce products faster and more produce products faster and more efficiently.efficiently.

Planes, Trains, and AutomobilesPlanes, Trains, and AutomobilesThousands of miles of Thousands of miles of train track constructed train track constructed all over the world.all over the world.

Otto invents internal Otto invents internal combustion.combustion. Benz and Daimler invent Benz and Daimler invent

and improve automobileand improve automobile

Wright Brothers’ 1Wright Brothers’ 1stst flight at Kitty Hawk.flight at Kitty Hawk.

CommunicationsCommunicationsSamuel Morse invents Samuel Morse invents telegraphtelegraph

A.G. Bell invents A.G. Bell invents telephonetelephone

Marconi invents radioMarconi invents radio

What did these What did these inventions mean for inventions mean for communication?communication?

Changes in BusinessChanges in Business

Businesses grew into large Businesses grew into large corporationscorporations

People invest in corporations by buyingPeople invest in corporations by buying stockstock

People who own stock own a small part of People who own stock own a small part of a corporationa corporation

The Company $$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$

(Stock ownership) $ 1/100th → $$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$

If a corporation has a total of 100 shares of stock, and if you could somehow divide the corporation into 100 equal parts, the owner of a single share of stock would own 1/100th of the corporation. A stockholder is someone who owns part of a company’s plant and equipment, and has a say in how the business is run

CorporationsCorporations

A corporation is a A corporation is a form of business form of business organization organization recognized by law as recognized by law as a separate legal entity a separate legal entity having all the rights of having all the rights of an individualan individual

Illegal business practicesIllegal business practices

Large corporations soon became Large corporations soon became monopoliesmonopolies

A monopoly is when one corporation A monopoly is when one corporation controls one industrycontrols one industry

CartelsCartels: when several corporations get : when several corporations get together to set the price for somethingtogether to set the price for something

Why are monopolies and cartels bad Why are monopolies and cartels bad things?things?

Lack of competition due to illegal business Lack of competition due to illegal business practices caused many governments to try practices caused many governments to try to to regulateregulate these giant corporations these giant corporations

Impacts of The Spread of the Impacts of The Spread of the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

1) Population Growth1) Population Growth

2) Growth of Cities2) Growth of Cities

3) New Social Order3) New Social Order

4) Changes in Science and Religion4) Changes in Science and Religion

Population GrowthPopulation Growth

Cause of Rapid population growthCause of Rapid population growth People weren’t having more childrenPeople weren’t having more children They were just living longerThey were just living longer Why? Why?

Reasons for population growthReasons for population growth

Advances in farm Advances in farm equipment and equipment and chemical fertilizers chemical fertilizers meant more food meant more food could be grown could be grown cheaplycheaply

Result: More people Result: More people could afford to buy could afford to buy better foodbetter food

Reasons for population growthReasons for population growth

Germ theory & Germ theory & understanding understanding microbes led to microbes led to chemical soaps and chemical soaps and better sanitation in better sanitation in citiescities

Result: Doctors and Result: Doctors and hospitals were hospitals were cleaner, fewer people cleaner, fewer people died from infection. died from infection. The spread of The spread of disease was slowed disease was slowed down by better down by better sanitation, sewer sanitation, sewer systems, etc.systems, etc.

Reasons for urbanizationReasons for urbanization

1) Fewer people were needed to farm, so 1) Fewer people were needed to farm, so more people moved to the city.more people moved to the city.

2) The promise of factory jobs in cities2) The promise of factory jobs in cities

3) The excitement of living in a city3) The excitement of living in a city

New people in cities meant a new New people in cities meant a new social ordersocial order

New Social OrderNew Social Order

Things didn’t change that much for many Things didn’t change that much for many people, but the middle classes were people, but the middle classes were starting to develop some social and starting to develop some social and political power.political power.

New Social OrderNew Social Order

The new social order led to the growth of The new social order led to the growth of public educationpublic education

Why?Why?

1) Countries wanted to produce better 1) Countries wanted to produce better citizens (NATIONALISM)citizens (NATIONALISM)

2) People had to be able to read and write 2) People had to be able to read and write to work and live in citiesto work and live in cities

Science & ReligionScience & Religion

Atomic Theory: John Dalton proved that Atomic Theory: John Dalton proved that everything was made of different everything was made of different combinations of different atomscombinations of different atoms

Periodic table of elements is developed by Periodic table of elements is developed by MendeleyevMendeleyev

Science & ReligionScience & Religion

Geologists (people who study rocks and Geologists (people who study rocks and the earth in general) discover that the the earth in general) discover that the earth is much older than the bible (if taken earth is much older than the bible (if taken literally) saysliterally) says

Neanderthal man is discovered in Neanderthal man is discovered in Germany!Germany!

Darwin introduces his theory of natural Darwin introduces his theory of natural selectionselection

Science & ReligionScience & Religion

Many of the aforementioned ideas are Many of the aforementioned ideas are seen as challenges to the church (think seen as challenges to the church (think about Galileo & Copernicus) These ideas about Galileo & Copernicus) These ideas remain controversial (especially in this remain controversial (especially in this country) to this daycountry) to this day

Bad Science!Bad Science!

Darwin’s theories lead to the racist theory Darwin’s theories lead to the racist theory of “Social Darwinism”of “Social Darwinism”

Social Darwinists believe that white people Social Darwinists believe that white people are inherently superior to other people are inherently superior to other people AND that rich people are inherently AND that rich people are inherently superior to poor people.superior to poor people.

These ideas will lead to some terrible These ideas will lead to some terrible thingsthings

Good Religion!Good Religion!

Protestant churches encouraged their Protestant churches encouraged their members to do good and charitable things members to do good and charitable things in the community.in the community.

This movement was called the This movement was called the social social gospelgospel

The social gospel movement is the reason The social gospel movement is the reason we have the Salvation Army.we have the Salvation Army.

Homework QuestionsHomework Questions1) Why were Germany and the U.S.A. able 1) Why were Germany and the U.S.A. able to produce more goods faster than Great to produce more goods faster than Great Britain?Britain?

2) Identify two reasons why population 2) Identify two reasons why population grew so much during the second industrial grew so much during the second industrial revolutionrevolution

3) How did the social order change in 3) How did the social order change in industrialized nations?industrialized nations?

4) Why are cartels and monopolies bad for 4) Why are cartels and monopolies bad for consumers? consumers?