the industrial revolution: changes and challenges · the industrial revolution: changes and...
TRANSCRIPT
Subj
ect M
atte
r Exp
ert
J. Chri
s Arnd
t, PhD
, Dep
artme
nt of
Histor
y, Jam
es Ma
dison
Unive
rsity
Illus
trat
ion
and
Phot
o Cre
dits
Title
Coal
Riddli
ng w
orksh
op, a
t the
mine
s of B
lanzy,
c.18
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onho
mme,
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(180
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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
IntroductionGeorge III was the king of Britain at the time that tensions between Britain and its colonies in North America continued to grow.
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
Introduction
In 1776, the British colonists in North America declared their independence from Great Britain.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are
created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable rights, that among these are
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
IntroductionThe French Revolution, in which ordinary French citizens revolted against the monarchy and the nobility, took place several years after the American Revolution. The storming of the Bastille in July 1789 sparked violence in the streets of Paris and throughout France.
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
IntroductionBy 1810, much of Europe was under the control of French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. Russia and the Ottoman Empire remained outside of his control.
Europe in 1810
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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
CHAPTER 1: Effects of the Industrial RevolutionFactories became widespread throughout Great Britain during the Industrial Revolution.
Big Question: How would you describe working conditions in the early part of the Industrial Revolution?
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
CHAPTER 1: Effects of the Industrial RevolutionChild labor was common in coal mines and factories.
Big Question: How would you describe working conditions in the early part of the Industrial Revolution?
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
CHAPTER 2: Before the Industrial RevolutionTending to the fields, as well as planting and harvesting, were very important jobs for farmers.
Big Question: What was rural life like for ordinary people before the Industrial Revolution?
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
CHAPTER 2: Before the Industrial RevolutionHaving enough food to eat and staying warm and healthy were important concerns for poor farmers and villagers.
Big Question: What was rural life like for ordinary people before the Industrial Revolution?
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
CHAPTER 3: Moving Toward the Industrial AgeNew inventions and techniques, such as the use of energy from waterwheels to grind more flour, made food more abundant with less effort.
Big Question: In what ways did the inventions of the Industrial Revolution impact people’s lives?
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
CHAPTER 3: Moving Toward the Industrial AgeIn 1768, James Watts developed a more efficient steam engine to pump water out of coal mines, making it easier to dig for coal.
Big Question: In what ways did the inventions of the Industrial Revolution impact people’s lives?
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
CHAPTER 3: Moving Toward the Industrial AgeWith the development of the first steam locomotive in 1804, both people and goods could be transported more easily and for longer distances.
Big Question: In what ways did the inventions of the Industrial Revolution impact people’s lives?
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
CHAPTER 4: From Farms to Factories and Cities
In the mid-1700s, the invention of the spinning jenny and the mule dramatically changed how cloth was created. Work moved from people’s homes to large factories.
Big Question: What developments in the manufacturing of cloth caused mass migration to industrial towns and cities?
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
CHAPTER 4: From Farms to Factories and CitiesIn 1792, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, contributing to the growth of slavery in the American South and the growth of factories in England.
Big Question: What developments in the manufacturing of cloth caused mass migration to industrial towns and cities?
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
CHAPTER 4: From Farms to Factories and CitiesCities grew around new factories. Manchester, England, had ninety-nine cotton spinning mills by 1830.
Big Question: What developments in the manufacturing of cloth caused mass migration to industrial towns and cities?
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
CHAPTER 5: The Rise of CapitalismAccording to the mercantilist theory, a country could grow rich and powerful by controlling trade. If it could force rival nations to buy its goods, it could increase the amount of silver and gold it had.
Big Question: What was mercantilism?
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
CHAPTER 6: Adam SmithIn The Wealth of Nations, published in 1776, Adam Smith supported capitalism, noting that the law of supply and demand provides a natural balance in the marketplace.
Big Question: What were Adam Smith’s basic economic beliefs?
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
CHAPTER 7: Living in the Industrial EraCharles Dickens’s novels led to greater awareness of the hard lives of the poor in England.
Big Question: What were the advantages and disadvantages of the industrial era?
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
CHAPTER 7: Living in the Industrial EraBenjamin Disraeli, prime minister under Queen Victoria, worked to pass laws benefiting the working classes.
Big Question: What were the advantages and disadvantages of the industrial era?
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
CHAPTER 8: Protesting Industrialization
Big Question: Why did workers begin to organize themselves into groups?
Modern unions trace their roots to the formation of workers’ associations that sought to protect workers’ rights.
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
CHAPTER 9: Robert OwenRobert Owen, an early believer in socialism, worked to improve living and working conditions for workers.
Big Question: What did Robert Owen do to achieve better living and working conditions for people?
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
CHAPTER 10: Looking for a New Economic OrderRevolutionary uprisings started in France and spread across Europe in 1848. People demanded better working conditions, freedom of the press, and more involvement in government.
Big Question: What factors within the capitalist system caused a degree of unpredictability in relation to the well-being of the workers?
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
CHAPTER 10: Looking for a New Economic OrderMarx and Engels published The Communist Manifesto in 1848, envisioning a proletarian revolution that would result in a new communist society.
Big Question: What factors within the capitalist system caused a degree of unpredictability in relation to the well-being of the workers?
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
CHAPTER 11: Karl MarxMarx believed that it was inevitable that the have-nots of the working class would join together to overthrow the haves, the capitalists and middle class of the bourgeoisie.
Big Question: What were the basic differences between the beliefs of Robert Owen and those of Karl Marx?
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
CHAPTER 12: In Our Time The second stage of the Industrial Revolution, which occurred during the 1860s–1960s, saw increasing numbers of inventions and advances in transportation and medicine.
Big Question: How would you describe the changes taking place in the Information Age in comparison to the first and second stages of the Industrial Revolution?
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES
CHAPTER 12: In Our Time
Many historians believe that we have now entered the third stage of the Industrial Revolution, also known as the Information Age. This stage is characterized by new ways of communicating, including cell phones and social media.
Big Question: How would you describe the changes taking place in the Information Age in comparison to the first and second stages of the Industrial Revolution?