the industrial revolution - birdvilleschools...early industrial revolution (1750-1800) first...
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The Industrial Revolution
1750-1900
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WHAP Reminders● Read Ch. 17:
○ Should be through p. 835 by now○ Tonight: 835-846○ Tomorrow: 846-853○ Wednesday: 853-860
● Ch. 17 Activity is on the website- due Thursday● World History Valentine assignment due
TOMORROW- instructions are on the website
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WHAP Agenda● Today: Industrial Rev. overview● Tomorrow: Urban Game● Wednesday: Industrial Rev. primary source
document activity● Thursday: Responses to the Industrial Revolution● Friday: QUIZ over Industrial Revolution
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CONTEXT: Leading up to Industrialization
What were Europeans doing from 1450-1750?
(The Early Modern Era)
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CONTEXT: Leading up to IndustrializationDuring the Early Modern Era (1450-1750), Europeans were:
● Exploring ● Colonizing (engaging in imperialism)● Expanding their economies (Commercial Revolution)- increased focus on
manufacturing● Seeking to establish trade connections with the East● Seeking to control profitable trades (silver, fur, spice, sugar)● Creating joint-stock corporations (British, Dutch, French)● Establishing banking centers and practices● Practicing mercantilism, which led to Triangular Trade● Exploiting sources of coerced labor
How did these things affect Western European nations?
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CONTEXT: Leading up to Industrialization
Prior to 1750 in Europe:
-How were goods made?
-Where did people live?
-What did most people do for work?
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CONTEXT: Leading up to IndustrializationPrior to 1750:
● Goods were made by hand (by artisans), often at home (cottage industries)
● Most people were still farmers and lived in rural areas (even though manufacturing had picked up and cities had grown into trade centers)
● Guilds set standards for craftsmanship
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The Industrial Revolution began around 1750 in Britain.
Why Britain?
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CAUSES OF INDUSTRIALIZATION IN BRITAIN1. Improvements in agriculture (British agricultural revolution):● Larger farms (enclosures)- wealthy landowners bought smaller farms,
consolidated them into larger farms= more land to cultivate● Jethro Tull’s seed drill- sowed seeds automatically= more seeds take root● Crop rotation- replaced the medieval Three-Field system- 4 crops rotated in
different fields= more efficient use of fields, increased productivity● Selective breeding- animals bred for their desirable traits= bigger animals
with more meat
What effects did these changes have on Europe?
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CAUSES OF INDUSTRIALIZATION IN BRITAIN1. Effects of improvements in agriculture:● These changes led to more food being produced. ● More food= more people can be supported= population growth● More efficient farming= fewer people needed to farm- many go to cities● Poor farmers who lost their land to enclosures moved to cities● Higher population= increased demand for consumer goods
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Seed Drill
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Crop Rotation
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Selective Breeding
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CAUSES OF INDUSTRIALIZATION IN BRITAIN2. Britain possessed natural resources required for industrialization:
● Abundant coal● Water power● Iron ore
3. Britain’s favorable geography:
● Navigable rivers● Proximity to coastline● Natural harbors
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CAUSES OF INDUSTRIALIZATION IN BRITAINIn addition, Britain also had:
4. An expanding economy
5. An established banking system= loans readily available for investment
6. Political stability in the 1700s
7. Growing overseas trade= more wealth (capital)
8. Culture of innovation (going back to the Scientific Revolution)
9. Raw materials from colonies
10. Political support for the merchant class
11. Strong military (esp. navy)
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So… Why Britain? Britain had the right mix of ingredients for industrialization- it had all the factors of production:
-Land
-Labor
-Capital
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Early Industrial Revolution (1750-1800)
● First Industry to industrialize- Britain’s textile industry (wool, linen, cotton)○ First weaving machines: Flying Shuttle- replaced by the Spinning
Jenny○ Water power led to the improved Spinning Mule and Power Loom○ These machines were set up in factories, first built near rivers/streams○ Eli Whitney’s cotton gin removed seeds from cotton= more raw cotton
available
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Spinning Jenny Power Loom
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Early textile factory in Britain
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Early Industrial Revolution (1750-1850)● James Watt (Scottish) invented an improved steam engine in 1774● Robert Fulton (American) built a successful steamboat● Improved transportation: Canals, improved roads, turnpike roads (for-profit
roads), railroads
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What were the EFFECTS of the Industrial Revolution?