the `inconvenient truth’ about the arrhenius model: basic salts example: na 2 co 3 (sodium...
TRANSCRIPT
The `Inconvenient Truth’ about the Arrhenius model: basic salts
EXAMPLE: Na2CO3
(sodium carbonate)
No H+ or OH-….=> salt only
CLASSICAL REACTIONs OVERVIEW continued)
The `Inconvenient Truth’ about the Arrhenius model: basic salts (continued)
•Turns pink in presence of phenolphthalein
• gas-forming reaction with HCl, pink disappears
experimental results of adding to water:
EXAMPLE: Na2CO3 (sodium carbonate)
=> A base !!!!????? Where’s OH ???
CLASSICAL REACTIONs OVERVIEW(continued)
The `Inconvenient Truth’ about the Arrhenius model: basic salts (continued)
Other examples of `basic’ salts
Na3PO4 K2SiO3 NaC2H3O2
Basic salts cannot be rationalized using Arrhenius’ acid/base model
CLASSICAL REACTIONs OVERVIEW (continued)
Bronsted to the rescue…
Young Bronsted…Swedish chemist circa 1910…
Young James Dean…American actor circa 1955…(“Rebel Without a Cause,”“East of Eden”, “Giant” )
Winner of the Bronsted look alike contest….
Bronsted a few years after marriage and kids
CLASSICAL REACTIONs (continued)
Bronsted Model of Acids/Bases3 new concepts (see p. 654)
Acid=
HF, HCl, HBrHNO3 HClO4 H2SO4 H2CO3
H3PO4
No real change from Arrhenius
proton donor (=H+)
CLASSICAL REACTIONs OVERVIEW(continued)
ARRHENIUS ACIDS = BRONSTED ACIDS
New Concept #1: Follow the protons
BASE=
OH-
CO3-2 ,PO4
-3, C2H3O2-,SiO3
-2…
proton acceptor
CLASSICAL REACTIONs OVERVIEW(continued) BRONSTED’S MODEL OF ACIDS/BASES: New Concept #1: following the protons (cont.)
The set of Bronsted bases includes Arrhenius bases + ….
…nearly any negative ion (=anion) that even weakly attracts protons
Examples of Bronsted Bases
How the proton acceptor creates the basic salt effect:
CO32- + H-OH
..Bronsted Base is basic in water because it splits water to make OH- !
Hydrolysis reaction
CLASSICAL REACTIONs OVERVIEW(continued) BRONSTED’S MODEL OF ACIDS/BASES:
New Concept #2
Hydrolysis…Bronsted bases `split’ water !!!
EXAMPLE
HCO3- + OH-
Conjugate idea is like going drag…Men=acid Women=base
BASE ACIDCONJUGATE ACID
CONJUGATEBASE
Identify `acids’ and bases
BRONSTED’S MODEL OF ACIDS/BASES: New Concept #3a: conjugate
acid/base pairs
CO32- + H-OH
Acid conjugate baseBase conjugate acid
Base Acid
Conjugate acid
Conjugate base
CLASSICAL REACTIONs OVERVIEW(continued) BRONSTED’S MODEL OF ACIDS/BASES:
New Concept #3a: conjugate acid/base pairs
HCO3- + OH-
Identify `acid’ and baseIdentify conjugate acid and base
PO43- + HCO3 - HPO4
2- + CO32-
Acid conjugate baseBase conjugate acid
acidbaseconjugate base
conjugateacid
new concept #3a: Conjugates (continued)
When acid and base reacts….
EXAMPLE: IDENTIFY ACID, BASE AND THEIR CONJUGATE BASE AND ACID ABOVE
ACID + BASE CONJUGATE BASE + CONJUGATE ACID
Bronsted Model
Contrast to Arrhenius Model
ACID + BASE SALT + WATER
CLASSICAL REACTIONs OVERVIEW(continued) BRONSTED’S MODEL OF ACIDS/BASES:
New Concept #3b:
spontaneous acid + base reactions produce weaker acids + bases
Both products `neutral’
ARRHENIUS
ACID-BASE THEORIES SUMMARIZED
BRONSTED
ACID = H+ DONOR PROTON DONOR
BASE= OH- DONOR PROTON DONOR
ACID + BASE
SALT + WATER
CONJUGATE ACID + CONJUGATE BASE
What observation required Bronsted to create a new Acid/Base Theory different than Arrhenius’s model ?
A. Many salts formed conjugate acids.
B. Spontaneous acid+base reactions only occurred if weaker acids and bases formed.
C. H2O spontaneously decomposed to OH- and H+ in presence of various salts.
D. Many salts without OH- somehow created OH- in water.
Many sa
lts fo
rmed co
nju...
Spontaneous a
cid+base
r...
H2O spontaneously
dec...
Many sa
lts w
ithout O
H-...
0%
100%
0%0%
Which part of the Bronsted salt K3PO4 is the proton acceptor ?
A. K+
B. O2-
C. P3-
D. PO43-
E. K3PO4
F. OH-
K+O2-
P3-
PO43-
K3PO4OH-
0% 0% 0%0%
100%
0%
What new concept of Bronsted’s most directly explains why many salts are bases?
A. The anionic part of salts can hydrolyze water.
B. Spontaneous acid/base reactions lead to weaker conjugate acids/bases.
C. Bronsted bases are proton acceptors.
D. Bronsted acids are proton donors.
The anionic part
of salts
...
Spontaneous a
cid/b
ase r.
..
Bronste
d bases a
re pro
to...
Bronste
d acids a
re pro
to...
0% 0%0%0%
In-class reaction Jeopardy
Low heat, precipitates, cation swap
metathesis
WHAT IS…
Na2CO3 for example A Bronsted base
What’s my reaction type:
HCl + KOH KCl + H2O
Acid/base neutralization (Arrhenius)
Pick the Arrhenius acids
H2O HNO3 NaHCO3 HBr NaCl HNO3 HBr
In-class reaction JeopardyWHAT IS…
What’s my reaction type:K3PO4 + H2O HK2PO4 + KOH
Acid/base hydrolysis(Bronsted)
Write my products ?
AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) ????? AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
Pick the Bronsted base(s)
NaOH HBr NaHCO3 K3PO4
NaOH NaHCO3 K3PO4
Pick the Arrhenius bases
NaOH