The Impact Of Wind On Navigation DONE BY :

*Sara Ishaq Khouri

*Jamila Mubarak

*Safa Mubarak

11.51

SCIENCE PROJECT Iwww.dailynews.com THE WORLD’S FAVOURITE NEWSPAPER Sunday 20th November, 2011

What Does Navigation Means?Navigation is the

process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another. It is also the term of art used for the specialized knowledge used by navigators to perform navigation tasks. All navigational techniques involve locating the navigator's position compared to known locations or patterns.

Most modern

navigation relies primarily on positions determined electronically by receivers collecting information from satellites. Most other modern techniques rely on crossing lines of position or LOP. A line of position can refer to two different things: a line on a chart and a line between the observer and an object in real life.

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Types of NavigationThe Global Positioning System (GPS) has made it possible to use satellites for navigation since the mid 1990s. In recent years, GPS technology has become common at the consumer level. Affordable GPS navigation devices are manufactured by many companies to serve a variety of specific navigation purposes.

They are also included as a feature of an ever growing list of mobile devices.

DRIVING NAVIGATIONThe majority of GPS navigation devices are intended primarily for use while driving. Manufacturers of hand-held GPS systems include Magellan Navigation.Most of these companies produce GPS devices that come preloaded with maps which can be updated or expanded through continuously available software updates.

Date Sunday 20th/11/2011

How Wind Indicators Help In Navigation?A wind indicator is

used on ships and boats to point the direction of the wind. It is also known as a Windex.  Wind indicators use the technology of weather vanes to point the correct direction of wind in the oceans.The most important reason why wind indicators are needed in ships is because of the unpredictability of weather on the trading route.

Wind is greatly

affected by water and since ships do not have a steady course on water, using a wind indicator provides shipmen with the knowledge of the direction of air that is blowing. With the help of this knowledge, the captain of a ship can avoid any emergency situations like flash storms and gale winds blowing from a particular direction.

Wind IndicatorsThe world’s oldest newspaper - Since 1802

Types Of Wind IndicatorsWind sock and wind lock are the two major types of wind indicators that we offer. These are available at cost effective prices.

Wind Sock - Alerts responders to potentially dangerous wind change and helps avoid exposure to wind blown contaminants. Material Polyester with Polyester Lining.

Stand for Wind Sock with Double Ball Bearings is available as per customer requirement.

Wind Cock - Wind Cock only simple fixing as such easy installation maintain for 6 to 8 years. System is fully new a revolution new style big size and no recurring expenses.

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Date Sunday 20th/11/2011

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