the impact of second generation sar sensors on the ... · manuela bonano, francesco casu, riccardo...
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The impact of second generation SAR The impact of second generation SAR sensors on the deformation time series sensors on the deformation time series
analysis via DInSAR techniques: analysis via DInSAR techniques: The COSMOThe COSMO--SkyMedSkyMed study casestudy case
Manuela Bonano, Francesco Casu, Riccardo Lanari, Michele Manunta, Luca Paglia, Giuseppe Solaro, Eugenio Sansosti
Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell’Ambiente, IREA National Research Council of Italy (CNR)Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italia
e-mail: [email protected]
ERS1ERS1
ERS2ERS2
RADARSATRADARSAT--11
ENVISATENVISAT
2010201019921992 19951995 2001200119971997 20022002
JJ--ERS1ERS1
19981998
First Generation
20072007 2013201320062006
Secondgeneration
RADARSATRADARSAT--22
TERRASARTERRASAR--XX
COSMO/SKYMEDCOSMO/SKYMED
SENTINELSENTINEL--11
ALOSALOS
ALOSALOS--22
Most of our DInSAR knowledge comes from the exploitation of the large data archive acquired by ESA (first generation) satellites ERS-1, ERS-2 and ENVISAT
Satellite SAR System Scenario
SAR systems: from first to second generation
ERS-ENVISAT: C-Band
Spatial Resolution: 5x20 m
Revisit Time:
35 days
Archive:
06/1992-10/2010
130 acquisitions
RADARSAT-1: C-Band
Spatial Resolution: 5x7 m
Revisit Time:
24 days
Archive:
03/2003-12/2007
47 acquisitions
Cosmo-SkyMED: X-Band
Spatial Resolution: 3x3 m
Revisit Time: 8 days
Archive:
07/2009-10/2010
81 acquisitions
ERS-ENVISAT: 130 images in about 20 years COSMO-SkyMed: 81 images in 1.5 years !!!
Napoli Bay area: ERS-ENVISAT results
Campi FlegreiVomero Vesuvio
A total of 130 ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT images
ascending orbits (1993 – Oct 2010)
COSMOSkyMed vs. ERS/ENVISAT
COSMO-SkyMed ERS/ENVISAT
Revisit time: 8 days
Time span: Jul 2009 – Nov 2010
X Band (
= 3.1 cm)
Resolution: 30 x 30 m
Revisit time: 35 days
Time span: 1992 – Oct 2010
C Band (
= 5.6 cm)
Resolution: 90 x 90 m
ERS/ENVISAT
ERS/ENV: ~23 deg
35 days
COSMO-SkyMed
CSK: ~ 44 deg8 days
COSMO-SkyMed vs. ERS/ENVISAT Campi Flegrei
ERS/ENVISAT
Near GPS station: ACAE
ERS/ENV: ~23 deg
35 days
COSMO-SkyMed
CSK: ~ 44 deg8 days
COSMO-SkyMed vs. ERS/ENVISAT Campi Flegrei
ERS/ENVISAT
Near GPS station: ACAE
Mea
nve
loci
ty[c
m/y
r]
> 1.5
< - 1.5
Full resolution COSMO-SkyMed results
81 ascending CSK (Strip mode) images (July 2009 - November 2010)
ENVISAT vs RADARSAT-1 vs COSMO-SkyMed
ENVISATtime: 03/2003 -12/2007
39 imagesresolution: 5x20 m
RADARSAT-1time: 03/2003 - 12/2007
47 imagesresolution: 5x7 m
COSMO-SkyMedtime: 07/2009 -10/2010
81 imagesresolution: 3x3 m
Mea
nve
loci
ty
> 0.5
< - 0.5
cm/y
ear
Mea
nve
loci
ty> 0.5
< - 0.5
cm/y
ear
Mea
nve
loci
ty
> 0.75
< - 0.75
cm/y
ear
Mea
nve
loci
ty[c
m/y
r]
> 1.5
< - 1.5
Napoli Bay area: COSMO-SkyMed
results
0.7 cm/year
1.5 cm/year
< < --22 > 2> 2cm/cm/yearyearMean deformation velocityMean deformation velocity DescendingDescending
125 Descending and 147 Ascending orbit SAR data (1992 – 2010)
Mt. Etna: ERSMt. Etna: ERS--ENVISATENVISAT
AscendingAscending
ENVENVΔΔ ERSERS
Eruption
Eruption
A very complex displacement pattern over about 20 years of acquisitions!
Mt. Etna: ERSMt. Etna: ERS--ENVISATENVISAT
AscendingAscending
< < --22 > 2> 2cm/cm/yearyearMean deformation velocityMean deformation velocity
COSMO-SkyMed Results: EtnaM
ean
velo
city
[cm
/yr]
> 5
<-5
COSMO-SkyMed: 8 days
ENVISAT: 35 days Descending Orbits
Time Interval: Jul 2009 – Dec 2010
86 acquisitions
276 Interferograms
Ground Resolution: ~ 30 meters
Look Angle: 49 deg
COSMO-SkyMed Results: EtnaM
ean
velo
city
[cm
/yr]
> 5
<-5
Pernicana Fault
Descending Orbits
Time Interval: Jul 2009 – Dec 2010
86 acquisitions
276 Interferograms
Ground Resolution: ~ 30 meters
Look Angle: 49 deg
COSMO-SkyMed vs. ENVISAT: Etna
COSMO-SkyMed ENVISAT
Revisit Time: 8 days
Time span: Jul 2009 – Dec 2010
X-Band (
= 3.1 cm)
Resolution: 25 x 25 m
Revisit Time: 35 days
Time span: 1992 – 2010
C-Band (
= 5.6 cm)
Resolution: 90 x 90 m
COSMO-SkyMed vs. ENVISAT: Etna
COSMO-SkyMed ENVISAT
Revisit Time: 8 days
Time span: Jul 2009 – Dec 2010
X-Band (
= 3.1 cm)
Resolution: 25 x 25 m
Revisit Time: 35 days
Time span: 1992 – 2010
C-Band (
= 5.6 cm)
Resolution: 90 x 90 m
COSMO-SkyMed vs. ENVISAT: Etna
COSMO-SkyMed ENVISAT
Revisit Time: 8 days
Time span: Jul 2009 – Dec 2010
X-Band (
= 3.1 cm)
Resolution: 25 x 25 m
Revisit Time: 35 days
Time span: 1992 – 2010
C-Band (
= 5.6 cm)
Resolution: 90 x 90 m
TerraSAR-X: Mt. EtnaDescending Orbits
Time Interval: Sep 2008 – Dec 2009
27 acquisitions (cfr. 86 COSMO)
76 Interferograms
Ground Resolution: ~ 30 meters
Look Angle: 42.9 deg
< -6 > 6cm/year
Mean deformation velocity
COSMO-SkyMed – TerraSAR-X vs. ENVISAT: Mt. Etna
COSMO-SkyMedCOSMO-SkyMed - TerraSARX
TSX: ~ 43 deg
CSK: ~ 49 deg
ENVISATENV: ~23 deg
CSK: 8 days
TSX: 11 days
ENV: 35 days
ConclusionsSecond Generation Satellite data•
are suitable for Advanced DInSAR techniques (time series), with great potential in terms of improved temporal sampling and spatial resolution
•
dramatically extend performances: “moving”
from deformation analysis to deformation monitoring
•
allow detection of fast movement (such as earthquakes)•
allow measurements of intra-building displacements
Issues•
Accuracy should be assessed
•
Atmospheric artifacts correction •
Processing of a huge amount of data needs high computing and storage capabilities!!!
Acknowledgements
Thanks to:
•
Italian Space Agency (ASI) for COSMO-SkyMed data; they were acquired and processed within the Volcanic System Risk (SRV) Pilot Project.
•
ESA for ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT collected over many years via several CAT-1 projects and contributed to the Geo Supersites initiative.
•
DLR for TerraSAR-X data on Etna obtained through the Geo Supersites initiative.