The Immune System - The Players (not to scale):

neutrophilsMonocytes/macrophages

T-cells B-cells

The Defense:

The enemy:

bacteria virusVirally-infected

host cellForeign protein,carbohydrate,

lipid

Granules withdigestive enzymes

Fragment of enemy after engulfment T cell receptor

M

M interleukins

antibodies

Interleukins

Experiment - Hans Seyle

Inject:organic extract; formaldehyde;

Response:↑ size adrenals ↓ size thymus

Stimuli: crowding; noise

Response: ↑ size adrenals ↓ size thymus

does increase cortisol from adrenals cause decrease immune response (IR)?

Ex: 1

HPA AXIS

Inject: strep. Cell walls

Response:

Inject: strep cell walls

Response:

Inject 1: strep cell wall plus anti-inflammatory drug (stop CRH release from hypothalmus),

Response: rats die

Why? ________________

Inject 2: as above but then + cortisol

Response? _________

Conclusion: ______________________

Lewis Rats: susceptible to arthritis/inflammation

Fisher Rats: resistant to arthritis/inflammation

Ex: 2

++++ IR, that does not attenuate, giving rise to arthritis symptoms

normal IR, that does attenuate, no arthritis symptoms

Inject: Day 0, horse RBC

Response: Normal IR with antibody and T cell activation

Inject: then day 6, sheep RBC

Response: No IR

Why?

Conclusion:

Inject: Day 0, horse RBC

Response: normal IR

Inject: then day 6, sheep RBC

Response: normal IR

Normal mice

Adrenonectomized mice (remove adrenal glands)

Ex. 3

Inject: bacterial cell wall into belly

Response: IL1 made in brain

Inject: IL1 into belly or blood

Response: cortisol, ACTH increase

Conclusion:

Ex. 4

Inject: MS protein

Response: extensive MS symptoms

Inject: MS protein

Response?

Conclusion:

Ex. 5

First remove adrenals then protein elicit MS symptoms

+ steroid pellet implants