the iliad vs. the burial at thebes from literature to philosophy to art
TRANSCRIPT
The Iliad vs. The Burial at Thebes
From literature to philosophy to art
Homer
• b. sometime around 800 b.c.e.?
• creator of epic poetry• wrote The Iliad and The
Odyssey• we know NOTHING of
him
The Iliad• Agamemnon and the Greeks are
beginning their 10th year of fighting the Trojans
• Achilles, the best fighter, will not enter the battle because of his rage toward Agamemnon
• through the intervention of the Gods, the Greeks eventually begin to overpower the Trojans
• culmination of the battle occurs when Achilles defeats Hector
• we are foretold of events to come, e.g. Achilles’ death
• the poem focuses on great heroic battle
Tensions and Themes
• Rage• Heroic Acts• Duty and Honor• Ideal representation of
Greek manhood• Intervention of the Gods• Guide to proper behavior
Sophocles
• b. 496 b.c.e.• d. 406 b.c.e.• most prolific Greek
tragedians, wrote 125 plays
• only 7 of these plays survive
The Burial at Thebes• written around 442 b.c.e.• simple plot line of conflict between
Creon and his niece Antigone• Antigone, name means “born to
oppose” in Greek• against the law of Creon, she buries
her brother• she is sentenced to death for the
crime• she hangs herself• Creon’s son and wife kill themselves
in response to Antigone’s death• What happens to Creon at the end?
– he gives up the throne after “seeing the light”
Tensions and Themes• tyranny vs. democracy
– Creon vs. Haemon
• who might the Athenian people have sided with?
• fate– Oedipus as source of
destiny
• The Gods and Heroes– What role do they play?– Who are they?
Greek Philosophy
• Sophists– offered wisdom to
students– emphasis on
development of practical skills like public speaking
– committed to humanistic values
– “man is the measure of all things”
– human beings have the power to make judgments about themselves and their world
– helped to free the human spirit to become more creative– tendency toward skepticism – undermined traditional values of the power
of the Gods
• Socrates (470-399 b.c.e.)– opposed Sophists– also focused on human problems
and empowerment of humans to make moral choices
– belief in an enduring moral and intellectual order in the universe
– the psyche is the most important thing
– it must be nurtured by knowledge– one gains knowledge through
stimulating conversations, debates, and abstract thinking
– he was seen as a heretic and a corruptor and was sentenced to death after Athens falls to the Spartans in 404 b.c.e.
– died by ingesting hemlock
How does Philosophy relate to The Iliad and The Burial at Thebes?
• The Iliad– traditionally philosophical
text– uses the Gods as the
controllers of human fate– Achilles = hero b/c he is
godlike
• The Burial at Thebes– Sophist or Socratic?– role of the Gods?– what defines a hero?
How does Art figure into this?