the humanistic approach

24
The Humanistic Approach (Maslow & Rogers)

Upload: uemit-dikmen

Post on 18-Nov-2014

930 views

Category:

Education


5 download

DESCRIPTION

applied in the lesson

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: The Humanistic Approach

The Humanistic Approach

(Maslow & Rogers)

Page 2: The Humanistic Approach

Background

• In 1950, Humanistic psychology gave rise after Behaviorism and psychoanalysis.• Humanistic psychology was popularised during the 1950s and

1960s following WWII and the cold war.• During this time period, psychologists were seeking a more

optimistic approach in response to the stresses that came with war.• Humanism was largely influenced by early Greek phillosophers, as

well as Europeans of the Renaissance era, who believed that human beings were unique.

Page 3: The Humanistic Approach

DEFINITION

• Humanism claims that people have the ability to shape their own destiny, and this is not driven by bioligical, instinctive influences.• An approach in study, philosophy, or practice that focuses on human

values and concerns.• A system of thought that rejects religious beliefs and centers on humans

and their values, capacities, and worth.• The approach assumes that every person is unique and psychology should

focus on the subjective feelings, thoughts of the person and freedom.• The focus is on each individual, not whole populations. Learning is student-

centered, personal act.

Page 4: The Humanistic Approach

HUMANISMPRINCIPLES

Students will learn best what they want and

need to know

Feelings are as important as facts

Self-evaluation is the only meaningful

evaluation of a student's work

Knowing how to learn is more

important than acquiring a lot of

knowledge

Students learn best in a non-threatening environment

Page 5: The Humanistic Approach

OBJECTIVES

promote positive self-direction and independence, an interest in the arts, curiosity, develop creativity, develop the ability to take responsibility for what is learned.

Page 6: The Humanistic Approach

Learning Methods

Cooperative

Teachers as facilitators

The methodology of choice for foundational knowledge

Goal: to work together in harmony and mutual support

to find the solution

More appropriate for children

Collaborative

Teachers as participants

It is connected to the social constructionist's view that

knowledge is a social construct

Goal: to develop autonomous, articulate, thinking people

More appropriate for college students

Page 7: The Humanistic Approach

TECHNIQUES

round table, pairs check, inside-outside circle, paraphrase passport, think-pair-share, interview, talking chips.

Page 8: The Humanistic Approach

Teachers’ Roles

Teacher serves more as a facilitator encouraging the student to learn and discover for themselves. He efforts to develope a childs’ self-esteem. Teachers are urged to trust children and let or help them grow.

Students’ Roles

Learning on a first hand basis how to find the answer and being accountable for the discovery of their own solutions. It would be important for children to feel good about themselves. The learners need to have control over the learning process. Self learning is emphasized.

Page 9: The Humanistic Approach

ABRAHAM MASLOW

• (1908 - 1970)• An American psychologist.• He is considered to be the founder of humanistic psychology.• He developed the Hierarchy of Needs theory that remains valid today for understanding human motivation, management training, and personal development. ‘’Human nature is basically good, not evil.Normal human development involves the actualization of this inherent goodness.’’

Page 10: The Humanistic Approach

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

These include the most basic needs that are vital to survival, such as water, air (oxygen), food, and

sleep/rest.

Page 11: The Humanistic Approach

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

SAFETY NEEDS

It includes a desire for steady employment, health care, safe neighborhoods, and shelter from the environment.

Page 12: The Humanistic Approach

It involves emotionally-based relationships in general, such as friendship, intimacy, acceptance.

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

SAFETY NEEDS

LOVE, AFFECTION, AND BELONGINGNESS NEEDS

Page 13: The Humanistic Approach

It includes the need for things that reflect on self-esteem, personal worth, social recognition, and

accomplishment.

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

SAFETY NEEDS

LOVE, AFFECTION, AND BELONGINGNESS NEEDS

ESTEEM NEEDS

Page 14: The Humanistic Approach

SELF-ACTUALIZATION

NEEDFOR

It is the instinctual need of humans to make the most of their abilities and to strive to be the best

they can.

Page 15: The Humanistic Approach

Maslow’s Definition of a Self-actualized Person

has no mental illness, satisfied in basic needs, fully exploited talents, motivated by values.

Page 16: The Humanistic Approach

Some Characteristics of Self-actualizing persons

increased autonomy and resistance to conformity, higher frequency of peak experiences, increased identification with the human species, improved interpersonal experiences, more democratic character structure, high levels of creativity, superior perception of reality, increased acceptance of self, of others, and of nature, increased spontaneity, greater freshness of appreciation and richness of emotional reaction.

Page 17: The Humanistic Approach

CARL ROGERS

• (1902 – 1987)• He was an influential American psychologist.• He is among the founders of the Humanistic Approach.

‘’ We need genuineness, acceptance and empathy for us to grow.’’

Page 18: The Humanistic Approach

Carl Rogers’s Person-Centered Perspective

• Being open with your own feelings.• Being transparent and self-disclosing.Genuineness

• Accepting yourself or others completely regardless of circumstances. Acceptance

• Listening, sharing, understanding and mirroring feelings and reflecting their meanings.Empathy

Page 19: The Humanistic Approach

Self-Concept

• All of thoughts and feelings about ourselves. WHO AM I?• Both Rogers and Maslow believed that your self-concept is at the center of your

personality.• If our self concept is positive; we tend to act and perceive the world positively. • If our self-concept is negative; we fall short of our ‘’ideal self’’ and feel dissatisfied

and unhappy.• Two primary sources that influence our self-concept are childhood experiences and

evaluation by others.

Page 20: The Humanistic Approach

The self-concept includes three components

Self worth: What we think about ourselves.

Self image: How we see ourselves. It includes the influence of our body image on inner personality.

Ideal self: The person who we would like to be. It includes our goals and ambitions.

Page 21: The Humanistic Approach

A person with low self-worth A person with high self-worth

He avoids challenges in life, doesn’t accept that life can be painful and unhappy at times, and will be defensive and guarded by other people.

S/he has confidence and positive feelings about him or herself, faces challenges in life, accepts failures and unhappiness at times, and is open with people.

Page 22: The Humanistic Approach

Five characteristics

of the fully functioning

person

Open to experience

Existential living

Trust feelingsCreativity

Fulfilled life

Page 23: The Humanistic Approach

Humanism In ELT• Humanistic approaches have had a considerbale influence on English

language teaching (ELT) methodology.• The four methods which are generally considered to reflect the

philospohy of the humanistic approach are :

• The Silent Way• Suggestopedia• Community Language Learning• Total Physical Response

Page 24: The Humanistic Approach

THANKS2009218041

ÜMİT DİKMEN