The HumanThe HumanSkeletal SystemSkeletal System

Types of SkeletonsTypes of Skeletons

Exoskeleton – outside skeleton

Endoskeleton- inside skeleton

s1

Function of the Skeletal Function of the Skeletal SystemSystem

► SupportsSupports –the body –the body and gives it shapeand gives it shape

► ProtectsProtects –organs –organs such as the heart and such as the heart and lungslungs

► Enables movementEnables movement► Storage of calcium Storage of calcium

and phosphorousand phosphorous► Produces Produces blood cells blood cells

in the marrow ****in the marrow ****

s2

CartilageCartilage

►Tough, fibrous, elastic connective Tough, fibrous, elastic connective tissue tissue

►Functions: Functions: ►supportsupport►Cushioning of jointsCushioning of joints►Cartilage makes up most of the embryo’s Cartilage makes up most of the embryo’s

skeletonskeleton►Baby is born with 300 bones by the time he is 25 Baby is born with 300 bones by the time he is 25

they fuse and then there is they fuse and then there is 206 206

s3

The BonesThe Bones

There are There are 206 206 bones in bones in the human body. Born the human body. Born

with 300. They fuse with 300. They fuse up to age 25,when up to age 25,when growth plates fully growth plates fully

harden (ossify). harden (ossify). Growth plates are Growth plates are

located at the ends of located at the ends of long bones.long bones.

►Bones are LIVINGBones are LIVING (your bones do (your bones do mend themselves) mend themselves) S4

Joints, Tendons & Ligaments Joints, Tendons & Ligaments

JointsJoints► The place where two or more bones join together.The place where two or more bones join together.► Joints can be movable and immovable. Being double Joints can be movable and immovable. Being double

jointed only means that there is more mobility at the jointed only means that there is more mobility at the joints. joints.

► LigamentsLigaments ► are tough connective tissue that connect are tough connective tissue that connect bone to bone to

bonebone and prevent the joint from moving in the and prevent the joint from moving in the wrong direction. (Legos connect only to other Legos )wrong direction. (Legos connect only to other Legos )

► L to L- Lego to Lego,L to L- Lego to Lego,► B to B- Bone to Bone B to B- Bone to Bone ► TendonsTendons ► attach muscle to boneattach muscle to bone..

S5

5 Basic Joints5 Basic JointsNameName Movable or Movable or

ImmovableImmovableType of Type of MovementMovement

ExampleExample

Suture Suture (interlocking)(interlocking)

ImmovableImmovable NoneNone Bones of the Bones of the CraniumCranium

Pivot jointPivot joint MovableMovable Cranium to Cranium to NeckNeck

Ball and Ball and Socket JointSocket Joint

MovableMovable ShoulderShoulder

HipsHips

Hinge JointHinge Joint MovableMovable ElbowElbow

KneeKnee

Gliding JointGliding Joint MovableMovable Ankle,wristAnkle,wrist

RibsRibs

VertebraeVertebrae

Malfunctions of the Locomotion Malfunctions of the Locomotion system system

►ArthritisArthritis: joint inflammation-There are over : joint inflammation-There are over 100 different types of arthritis.100 different types of arthritis.

► TendonitisTendonitis : tendon inflammation at bone : tendon inflammation at bone junctures. Happens because of poor oxygen junctures. Happens because of poor oxygen and nutrient supply to area. ( a common and nutrient supply to area. ( a common condition in athletes because of overuse)condition in athletes because of overuse)

► Carpal TunnelCarpal Tunnel - a narrow, rigid - a narrow, rigid passageway of ligament and bones at the passageway of ligament and bones at the base of the hand - houses the median nerve base of the hand - houses the median nerve and tendons. The nerve is compressed and tendons. The nerve is compressed which causes pain and numbnesswhich causes pain and numbness

S6

Knee AnatomyKnee Anatomy

► http://www.wefixbones.net/patient-http://www.wefixbones.net/patient-education/knee/knee-anatomy/education/knee/knee-anatomy/

► This site shows the parts of the knee bones,This site shows the parts of the knee bones,► Cartilage-torn meniscus-is torn cartilageCartilage-torn meniscus-is torn cartilage► tendons- tentonitistendons- tentonitis► Ligaments-torn ACL,PCL,(located inside Ligaments-torn ACL,PCL,(located inside

joint-no blood flow) MCL-outside-has blood joint-no blood flow) MCL-outside-has blood flowflow