the human body: the excretory system textbook chapter 34 review topic 1
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Human Body: The Excretory System Textbook Chapter 34 Review Topic 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f125503460f94c26533/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Human Body:The Excretory System
Textbook Chapter 34
Review Topic 1
![Page 2: The Human Body: The Excretory System Textbook Chapter 34 Review Topic 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f125503460f94c26533/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Function
• Removes toxins and wastes which build up in the body as a result of metabolism
• Regulates the amount of fluid and salts in the body and maintains pH of the blood
• Helps regulate homeostasis
![Page 3: The Human Body: The Excretory System Textbook Chapter 34 Review Topic 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f125503460f94c26533/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Parts
• Lungs• Excretes carbon dioxide
• Skin• Excretes water and salts contained in sweat
• Kidneys• Major excretory organ in the body
![Page 4: The Human Body: The Excretory System Textbook Chapter 34 Review Topic 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f125503460f94c26533/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Kidneys
• Bean-shaped
• Filters out wastes, water and salts from the blood
• Two regions• Renal cortex ~ outer region• Renal medulla ~ inner region
![Page 5: The Human Body: The Excretory System Textbook Chapter 34 Review Topic 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f125503460f94c26533/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Contains microscopic tubules and blood vessels
• Renal pelvis ~ center of kidney where these filters are found
![Page 6: The Human Body: The Excretory System Textbook Chapter 34 Review Topic 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f125503460f94c26533/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Nephron filtration
• Each kidney has 1 million filtering units called nephrons
• Blood enters each Nephron through a long tube surrounded by capillaries called a glomerulus
• Surrounded by the Bowman’s capsule
![Page 7: The Human Body: The Excretory System Textbook Chapter 34 Review Topic 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f125503460f94c26533/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: The Human Body: The Excretory System Textbook Chapter 34 Review Topic 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f125503460f94c26533/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Renal artery transports nutrients and wastes to the kidney
• Branches into smaller blood vessels forming the glomerulus
• Blood vessel walls are thin and under high pressure
![Page 9: The Human Body: The Excretory System Textbook Chapter 34 Review Topic 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f125503460f94c26533/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Urea ~ nitrogenous waste product containing water and substances dissolved in water
• Pushed through capillary walls into the Bowman’s capsule
• Red blood cells and proteins are too large and remain in the blood stream
![Page 10: The Human Body: The Excretory System Textbook Chapter 34 Review Topic 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f125503460f94c26533/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Reabsorption/formation of urine
• Filtrate collects in the Bowman’s capsule and flows through renal tubules (loop of Henle and collecting tubule)
• Most water and useful substances (ex. glucose, minerals) are reabsorbed back into blood stream (reabsorption)
![Page 11: The Human Body: The Excretory System Textbook Chapter 34 Review Topic 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f125503460f94c26533/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: The Human Body: The Excretory System Textbook Chapter 34 Review Topic 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f125503460f94c26533/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Excess fluids and toxic substances are collected to form urine
• Leaves the kidneys through ducts called ureters
• Urine is stored in the urinary bladder
• Exits the body through the urethra
![Page 13: The Human Body: The Excretory System Textbook Chapter 34 Review Topic 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f125503460f94c26533/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: The Human Body: The Excretory System Textbook Chapter 34 Review Topic 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f125503460f94c26533/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Each kidney filters 180 L of blood a day in adults to produce 1.5 L of urine
• Process requires large amounts of energy
• Use 20-25% of your body’s oxygen intake for their internal energy requirements!
• Controls pH balance by absorbing or filtering out acids or bases to regulate pH of the blood
![Page 15: The Human Body: The Excretory System Textbook Chapter 34 Review Topic 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f125503460f94c26533/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Urinary System BrainPop
![Page 16: The Human Body: The Excretory System Textbook Chapter 34 Review Topic 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f125503460f94c26533/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Kidney Disorders• Infections
• Start as bladder infections which spread to kidney
• Fever, chills, mid-/lower-back pain
• Can be caused by blockages
• If untreated, kidneys can scar causing a loss in function
• Can be treated with antibiotics
![Page 17: The Human Body: The Excretory System Textbook Chapter 34 Review Topic 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f125503460f94c26533/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Nephritis• Inflammation (painful swelling) of the
glomeruli
• Cause by blockages
• Blood in urine, swelling of body tissues, protein in urine
• Can improve on its own but may require a special diet or prescription drugs to treat the infection
![Page 18: The Human Body: The Excretory System Textbook Chapter 34 Review Topic 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f125503460f94c26533/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Kidney Stones• Crystallized solid (calcium compound) which
forms in the kidney
• Small stones can be passed out in urine
• Larger stones are broken up using ultrasonic sound waves or removed using surgery
![Page 19: The Human Body: The Excretory System Textbook Chapter 34 Review Topic 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f125503460f94c26533/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: The Human Body: The Excretory System Textbook Chapter 34 Review Topic 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f125503460f94c26533/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Diabetes/High Blood Pressure• Causes reduced kidney function or kidney
failure
• Illegal/Prescription Drugs• Can cause kidney damage
![Page 21: The Human Body: The Excretory System Textbook Chapter 34 Review Topic 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f125503460f94c26533/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Treatments
• Dialysis• An artificial
kidney machine
filters out wastes
and toxins from
a patient’s blood
![Page 22: The Human Body: The Excretory System Textbook Chapter 34 Review Topic 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f125503460f94c26533/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Two types• Blood is passed through the machine
temporarily to be filtered and cleaned, then returned (3-4 hours/3 days week)
• Membrane lining the abdomen acts as an artificial kidney by injecting it with a special fluid through a small tube attached to the patients body to collect draining wastes (30-40 min/daily)
![Page 23: The Human Body: The Excretory System Textbook Chapter 34 Review Topic 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f125503460f94c26533/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)