the human body: an orientation - alderman science...

PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation

by Patty Bostwick-Taylor,

Florence-Darlington Technical College

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

PART A 1

The Human Body:

An Orientation


The Human Body—An Orientation

Anatomy

Study of the structure and shape of the body

and its parts

Physiology

Study of how the body and its parts work or

function


Anatomy—Levels of Study

Gross anatomy

Large structures

Easily observable

Figure 14.1


Anatomy—Levels of Study

Microscopic Anatomy

Very small

structures

Can only be

viewed with

a microscope

Figure 14.4c–d


Levels of Structural Organization

Figure 1.1

Smooth muscle cell Molecules

Atoms

Smooth

muscle

tissue

Epithelial

tissue

Smooth

muscle

tissue

Connective

tissue

Blood

vessel

(organ) Cardio-

vascular

system

Cellular level

Cells are made up of

molecules

Tissue level

Tissues consist of

similar types of cells

Organ level

Organs are made up

of different types

of tissues

Organ system level

Organ systems consist of different

organs that work together closely

Organismal level

Human organisms

are made up of many

organ systems

Chemical level

Atoms combine to

form molecules



Figure 1.1, step 1

Molecules

Atoms

Chemical level

Atoms combine to

form molecules



Figure 1.1, step 2


Atoms Cellular level


molecules

Chemical level

Atoms combine to

form molecules



Figure 1.1, step 3


Atoms

Smooth

muscle

tissue

Cellular level


molecules

Tissue level

Tissues consist of


Chemical level

Atoms combine to

form molecules



Figure 1.1, step 4


Atoms

Smooth

muscle

tissue

Epithelial

tissue

Smooth

muscle

tissue

Connective

tissue

Blood

vessel

(organ)

Cellular level


molecules

Tissue level

Tissues consist of


Organ level

Organs are made up

of different types

of tissues

Chemical level

Atoms combine to

form molecules



Figure 1.1, step 5


Atoms

Smooth

muscle

tissue

Epithelial

tissue

Smooth

muscle

tissue

Connective

tissue

Blood

vessel

(organ) Cardio-

vascular

system

Cellular level


molecules

Tissue level

Tissues consist of


Organ level

Organs are made up

of different types

of tissues

Organ system level



Chemical level

Atoms combine to

form molecules



Figure 1.1, step 6


Atoms

Smooth

muscle

tissue

Epithelial

tissue

Smooth

muscle

tissue

Connective

tissue

Blood

vessel

(organ) Cardio-

vascular

system

Cellular level


molecules

Tissue level

Tissues consist of


Organ level

Organs are made up

of different types

of tissues

Organ system level



Organismal level

Human organisms

are made up of many

organ systems

Chemical level

Atoms combine to

form molecules


Figure 1.2a

Organ System Overview

Integumentary

Forms the external body

covering

Protects deeper tissue from

injury

Helps regulate body

temperature

Location of cutaneous

nerve receptors


Figure 1.2b


Skeletal

Protects and supports

body organs

Provides muscle

attachment for movement

Site of blood cell

formation

Stores minerals


Figure 1.2c


Muscular

Produces movement

Maintains posture

Produces heat



Nervous

Fast-acting control

system

Responds to internal and

external change

Activates muscles and

glands

Figure 1.2d



Endocrine

Secretes regulatory

hormones

Growth

Reproduction

Metabolism

Figure 1.2e


Figure 1.2f


Cardiovascular

Transports materials in body

via blood pumped by heart

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

Nutrients

Wastes



Lymphatic

Returns fluids to blood

vessels

Cleanses the blood

Involved in immunity

Figure 1.2g



Respiratory

Keeps blood supplied with

oxygen

Removes carbon dioxide

Figure 1.2h



Digestive

Breaks down food

Allows for nutrient

absorption into blood

Eliminates indigestible

material

Figure 1.2i



Urinary

Eliminates nitrogenous

wastes

Maintains acid-base

balance

Regulates water and

electrolytes

Figure 1.2j



Reproductive

Produces

offspring

Figure 1.2k–l

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