the history of the text of the nt nt-1000 nt introduction ... of texts.pdf13 pauline (69%) (23%...

1. The Bible as ONE Book and as a LibraryA. A Library with many voices

Many writings from many different time periods Not a book, not written at one time, not by one author But a library, a collection of booksMany genres, purposes and agendas Historical, biographical and folkloric stories Love poetry, proverbs, prayers Philosophical reflection and dialogue Real and literary letters Encouraging and polemical texts Plain and symbolic languageSituational and general Situational: especially the undisputed Pauline Letters General: Hebrews, James, 2 Peter, Gospels, etc.

Holy writ Internal critical dialogue

The History of the Text of the NT NT-1000 NT IntroductionDieter Mitternacht

Dieter Mitternacht

1. The Bible as ONE Book and as a LibraryA. A Library with many voicesB. Tanak = Hebrew Bible (~ Old Testament)

5 books of Moses (Torah) Prophets (Neviim) Writings (Ketuvim)

Genesis (Beresht)In the beginningExodus (Shemt)(These are) the namesLeviticus (Wajjiqr)(The Lord) calledNumeri (Bemidbr)In the desertDeuteronomy (Devarm)These are the words

The formerJoshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings

The latterIsaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel

The TwelveHosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zachariah, Malachi

Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ruth, Song of Salomon, EcclesiastesLamentations, Esther, Daniel, Ezra-Nehemiah, Chronicles


1. The Bible as ONE Book and as a LibraryC. The Writings of the Old TestamentThree major genres, a symmetric arrangement, 39 books

17 Historical books 5 Books of Wisdom, Poetry and Prayer

17 Prophetic books

5 Books of Torah

12 Books of History

5 poetic book

5 Major Prophets

12 Minor Prophets

GenesisExodusLeviticusNumeriDeuteronomy

JoshuaJudgesRuth1 Samuel2 Samuel1 Kings2 Kings 1 Chronicles 2 Chronicles EzraNehemiahEsther

JobPsalms

ProverbsEcclesiastes

Song of Solomon

IsaiahJeremiahLamentationsEzekielDaniel

HoseaJoelAmosObadiahJonahMicahNahumHabakkukZephaniahHaggaiZachariahMalachi


Exile

Ge

ne

sis

Exod

us

Nu

mb

ers

Josh

ua

Jud

ges

1 Sam

ue

l

2 Sam

ue

l

1 K

ings

2 K

ings

Ezra

Ne

he

miah

1 M

accabe

es

2Chronicles

1ChroniclesLeviticus Deuteronomy Ruth

Tobit EstherJudith

2 Maccabees

Job Psalms ProverbsEcclesiastesSong of Songs

EzekielDanielBaruch

HaggaiZechariah

Malachi SirachWisdom

To IsraelHosea Amos

To JudahHabakkukIsaiahJeremiahLamentationsJoel MicahZephaniah

To AssyriaJonahNahum

To EdomObadjah

1. The Bible as ONE Book and as a LibraryC. The Writings of the Old TestamentBooks arranged according to story chronology, 46 books (incl. apocrypha)


Dieter Mitternacht

1. The Bible as ONE Book and as a LibraryA. A Library with many voicesB. Tanak = Hebrew Bible (~ Old Testament)C. The Writings of the Old TestamentD. The Writings of the New Testament

Gospels Pauline Letters Other lettersMatthew Mark Luke John

Undisputed

Romans 1 & 2 Corinthians Galatians Philippians

Hebrews James 1 Peter 2 Peter 1 John

History 1 Thessalonians 2 John Acts Philemon

Disputed

3 John Jude

Ephesians Apocalyptic writingColossians 2 Thessalonians 1 Timothy 2 Timothy Titus

Revelation


Writings listed according to type and size (27 books)

Acts(Luke)

Revelations

4 Gospels (47%) 1 History (13%) 19 Letters (32%) 1 Apocalypse (8%)

13 Pauline(69%)

(23% total)

Luke (30%)

Matthew (28%)

John (23%)

Mark (19%)

1. The Bible as ONE Book and as a LibraryD The Writings of the New Testament


Hebrews (11%)

3 JohannineJames, 2 Petrine

Judas, 20%

Un

disp

ute

dP

aulin

e lette

rs

Mark

Matth

ew

Luke

-Acts

He

brew

s1

Pete

r

Joh

n

Disp

ute

d

Pau

line

Letters

Oth

er lette

rsR

evelatio

ns

Disp

ute

d

Pau

line

Letters

Writings arranged according to chronology of writing

1 Thess (~50)Gal (54)1, 2 Cor (55-57)Rom (56-58)Phil (~60)Philem (58-62)Col (58-62)?

2 Thess (98)?Eph (98)?

1 Tim (100-140)2 Tim (100-140)?Tit (100-140)

2 P

eter

2 Peter (100-140)

Synoptics

50 100 12080 CE7030

Oral tradition

1. The Bible as ONE Book and as a LibraryD. The Writings of the New Testament


Tanak LXX (~200 BCE) Vulgate (~400 CE)

Torah5 books of Moses (Beresht, Shemt, Wajjiqr, Bemidbr, Devarm)

Prophets (Neviim)The formerJoshua, JudgesSamuel (one book)Kings (one book)The latterIsaiah, Jeremiah, EzekielThe Twelve (one book): Hosea, Joel Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zachariah Malachi

Writings (Ketuvim)Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ruth, Song of Salomon, EcclesiastesLamentations, Esther, DanielEzra-Nehemiah (one book) Chronicles (one book)

Historical books5 books of Moses (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numeri, Deuteronomy)Joshua, Judges, Ruth1 + 2 Kings (=1+2 Sam) 3 + 4 Kings (=1+2 Kings)1 + 2 Chronicles (incl. Manassas prayer)1 Esdras2 Esdras (= Ezra, Nehemiah)

Poetic booksPsalms(+151), Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, Job, Wisdom of Salomon, Wisdom of Jesus SirachEsther (with additions), Judith, Tobit,

ProphetsHosea, Amos, Micah, Joel, Obadiah, Jonah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zachariah, MalachiIsaiah, Jeremiah, Baruch, Lamentations, Jeremiah's letter, Ezekiel, Daniel (+Susanna, Bel and the Dragon)1 + 2 Maccabees3 + 4 Maccabees

Historical books5 books of Moses (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numeri, Deuteronomy)Joshua, Judges, RuthSamuel (one book)Kings (one book)Chronicles (one book)Ezra (=Ezra, Nehemiah)Tobit, Judith, Ester, Job

Poetic booksPsalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, Wisdom of Salomon, Wisdom of Jesus Sirach

ProphetsIsaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Baruch, Ezekiel, DanielThe Twelve (one book): Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zachariah, Malachi

AdditionsManassas prayer3 + 4 EzraPsalm 151


2. The Bible in Several Versions

Dieter Mitternacht

1. The Bible as ONE Book and as a Library2. The Bible in Several VersionsA. Tanak Septuagint VulgateB. Apocrypha, Deutero-Canonical writings

TobitJudithAdditions to EstherWisdom of SolomonSirach, also called Ben Sira or EcclesiasticusBaruch, including the Letter of Jeremiah (Additions to Jeremiah in the Septuagint) Additions to Daniel: Song of the Three Children (in Vulgate = Daniel 3:24-90) Story of Susanna (in Vulgate = Daniel 13, Septuagint prologue) Bel and the Dragon (in Vulgate = Daniel 14, in Septuagint = Epilogue) 1 Maccabees2 Maccabees

C. The Hebrew Bible The Christian Old Testament


Tanak Protestant OT Catholic OT Orthodox OT

Torah

5 books of Moses (Beresht,

Shemt, Wajjiqr,

Bemidbr, Devarm)

Prophets (Neviim)

The early

Joshua, Judges,

Samuel (one book),

Kings (one book)

The latter

Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel,

The Twelve (one book):

Hosea, Joel, Amos,

Obadiah, Jonah, Micah,

Nahum, Habakkuk,

Zephaniah, Haggai,

Zachariah, Malachi

Writings (Ketuvim)

Job, Psalms, Proverbs,

Ruth, Song of Salomon,

Ecclesiastes,

Lamentations, Esther,

Daniel,

Ezra-Nehemiah (one

book),

Chronicles (one book)

Pentateuch

5 books of Moses (Genesis, Exodus,

Leviticus, Numeri, Deuteronomy)

Historical books

Joshua, Judges, Ruth,

1 + 2 Samuel

1+ 2 Kings

1 + 2 Chronicles

Ezra, Nehemiah

Esther

Poetic books

Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes,

Song of Solomon,

Prophets

Major: Isaiah, Jeremiah,

Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel

Minor: Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah,

Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk,

Zephaniah, Haggai, Zachariah,

Malachi

Separate section

Tobit, Judit, Ester (greek text) 1 + 2

Maccabes

Wisdom of Salomon

Wisdom of Jesus Syrach

Baruch, Jeremiahs letter, Add. to

Daniel, Susannah, Asarjas prayer,

Song of the three men, Bel and the

Dragon, Manassahs prayer

.

Pentateuch



Historical books


1 + 2 Samuel

1+ 2 Kings

1 + 2 Chronicles

Ezra, Nehemiah

Tobit, Judith, Esther (with add.)

1 + 2 Maccabes

Poetic books

Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes,

Song of Solomon,

Wisdom of Salomon

Wisdom of Jesus Syrach

Prophets

Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations,

Baruch, Jeremiahs letter

Ezekiel, Daniel

Susannah, Asarjas prayer, Song of

the three men, Bel and the

Dragon, Manassahs prayer

Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah,

Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk,


Malachi

Pentateuch



Historical books


1 + 2 Kings

3 + 4 Kings

1 + 2 Chronicles

Ezra, Nehemiah

1 Esdras

2 Esdras (= Esra, Nehemja)(!)

Ester (with add.), Tobit, Judit

1,2 and 3 Maccabes

Poetic books

Psalms(+151), Manassahs prayer,

Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of

Solomon, Wisdom of Salomo, Wisdom

of Jesus Sirach

Prophets

Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations,

Baruch, Jeremiahs letter

Ezekiel, Daniel

Susannah, Asarjas prayer, Song of

the three men, Bel and the Dragon,

Manassahs prayer

Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah,

Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk,


Malachi

Separate section

4 Maccabes


Fragment from the book of Enoch - Qumran

3. Establishing the original TextA. Fragments and manuscripts


Column X from

Habakkuk-

commentary

(1QpHab)

Note that the

tetragrammaton

JHVH is written with

old Hebrew letters


P75 (omkr 100)

- ,

, , . . , . , , . ,


P52 (~125) Joh 18:31-33

. , , . []

, -. - ,


P66

Papyrus Bodmer II (~200)

75 sheets and 39 fragments.

Originally 39 double sheets that were folded to form a total of 156 pages.

Content: Joh 1:1--6:11; 6:35--14:26, 29-30; 15:2-26; 16:2-4, 6-7, 16:10--20:20, 22-23, 20:25--21:9


P77

Recto Matt 23:35-39

Verso Matt 23: 30-34


(01) Codex Sinaiticus, Egypt or Israel, middle of 4th century Half of LXX, whole NT, Letter of Barnabas Hermas; since 1933 in British Museum.

A (02) Codex Alexandrinus, Egypt, 5th century Almost whole LXX and NT (missing parts of Matt, Joh, 2 Kor), 1/2 Clement, British Museum.

B (03) Codex Vaticanus, Egypt, beginning of 4th century Most of LXX and NT (not Hebr, Past, Filem and Rev); since end of 15th century in Vatican library.

C (04) Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus, 5th century, NT, except Rev. Bibliothque Nationale , Paris.

D1 (05) Codex Bezae Cantabrigiensis, 4th to 6th century (uncertain) in the West Gospels and Acts, bilingual (greek-latin), Cambridge University Library.

3. Establishing the original TextA. Fragments and manuscriptsB. Codices


Codex Sinaiticus (a) c. 330-360Septuagint and New Testament (partly incomplete), Excerpt: Gospel acc. to John, chap 1


CodexAlexandrinus (A)400-440

Septuagint and New Testament(partly incomplete

This page:Gospel of Matthew


CodexVaticanus (B)c. 325-350

Septuagint and New Testament(partly incomplete)

This page:Letter to the Hebrews


3. Establishing the original TextC. External evidence: text traditions (families)

The Eastern text (Byzantine, Syriac, Antiochean) Least reliable, embellishing, improves language,Harmonizes parallel texts, Combines contradictory readingsCodex Alexandrinus. Base for TEXTUS RECEPTUS

The Western textParaphrasing, harmonizes and adds other traditionsBook of Acts, almost 10% longer than original textOccasionally better readings than even the Alexandrian

The Caesarea textComplicated prehistory, Eastern text with typically Byzantine tendencies towards elegance, Mixture of Alexandrian and Western readings

The Alexandrian textMost reliable, short and unpolished, closest to original textCodex Sinaiticus, Codex Vaticanus


Text transmission(not preserved)

West AfricaCarthage

W, k, e

33, bo B, , (sa)

ItalyFranceD, a, b

AntiochiaSyrs, Syrc

Text revision by Lucianus app. 310

The Byzantine text tradition or The standard text

TEXTUS RECEPTUS

Caesarea textP45,

The Alexandrian text traditionP45, 46, 66, 75, , B

archetype fr. 3rd cent

The Eastern text tradition

A, E, F, G, H, K, P, S, V, W

The Westerntext tradition

P29, 38, 48


3. Establishing the original TextD. External evidence: Conclusions

1. Manuscripts must be grouped and weighed as groups

2. Number and age is secondary to group importance

3. Geographical spreading has primary significance


3. Establishing the original TextE. Internal evidence

Shorter reading to be preferred

More difficult reading (for the copyist) to be preferred

Incoherent reading to be preferred

Less eloquent style to be preferred

Author-typical vocabulary or style to be preferred


3. Establishing the original TextF. EditionsBiblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia



Septuagint - Rahlf Edition



Septuagint - Rahlf EditionNovum Testamentum Nestle-Aland 27th ed



Septuagint - Rahlf EditionNovum Testamentum Nestle-Aland 27th edGreek New Testament - GNT



Septuagint - Rahlf EditionNovum Testamentum Nestle-Aland 27th edGreek New Testament - GNT Greek-English Interlinear Editions


the history of the text of the nt nt-1000 nt introduction ... of texts.pdf13 pauline (69%) (23%...

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