the history of painting in italy

8/2/2019 The History of Painting in Italy

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g`ytqd jqteys mj yld Qmg`f sclmmh( jmq tfyeh yles ~dqemi yldu lì addf cqtid `fi y`sydhdss& êdyqm es ldq

G`s`ccem( ldq Kleqh`fi`bm( ldq `hh& [d {ehh ldqd yòd ` slmqy zed{ mj leg `fi les sclmh`qs( qdsdqzefk(

lm{dzdq( yld iezefd Q`jj`dhhm ym yld fd|y d~mcl( {lecl efiddi es idsekf`ydi au les ehhtsyqemts f`gd&

êdyqm Z`fftcce idhh` êdzd(_05W `s ld c`hhs legsdhj ef smgd ~ecytqds( mq mj ^dqtke` ef myldqs( jqmg yld

ceyerdfsle~ {lecl ld yldqd dfbmudi( lì sytiedi tfidq ` g`sydq mj fm kqd`y cdhdaqeyu( ej {d `qd ym adhedzd

Z`s`qe? `fi yles {`s ` êdyqm i` ^dqtke`( `s Amyy`qe cmfbdcytqdi( mq Feccmhñ @htffm( `s ey {`s qd~mqydi ef

Jmhekfm& G`qemyye ~qdydfis yl`y êdyqm ìz`fcdi legsdhj kqd`yhu ef ^dqtke` ef yld sclmmhs mj Amfjekhe( `fi

êdyqm idhh` Jq`fcdsc`( jqmg {lecl ld fmy mfhu idqezdi yl`y d|cdhhdfcd ef ~dqs~dcyezd( {lecl( jqmg yld

ydsyegmfu mj Z`s`qe {`s sm gtcl ìgeqdi ef Jhmqdfcd( aty `hsm gtcl mj les idsekf `fi cmhmtqefk&_1>W

G`qemyye yldf qèsds ` imtay {ldyldq( {ldf ld {dfy `s `f `qyesy ym Jhmqdfcd( ld adc`gd yld sclmh`q mj

Zdqqmcclem( `s {qeydqs qd~mqy( mq {ldyldq ld iei fmy q`yldq ~dqjdcy legsdhj jqmg yld kqd`y d|`g~hds mj

G`s`ccem( `fi yld d|cdhhdfy ~èfydqs {lm `y yl`y yegd jhmtqesldi yldqd? `fi ld jef`hhu idydqgefds ef j`zmtq mj

yld m~efemf ldhi au ^`scmhe( Amyy`qe( `fi Y`b`( `fi ìm~ydi au ^ìqd Qdsy`( ef les K`hhdqe` ^mqy`yehd( ~& 0>(

yl`y Zdqqmcclem {`s fdzdq les g`sydq& Ey es {dhh {mqyl {lehd ym qdì yld iespteseyemfs mj yles àhd {qeydq ef lesjejyl hdyydq( {ldqd {d gù ìgeqd yld id|ydqeyu {eyl {lecl ld sdyyhds ` ~mefy sm ~dq~hd|di `fi sm efydqdsyefk ym

yld lesymqu mj `qy& E {ehh mfhu ìi yl`y ey `~~d`qs ym gd fmy eg~qmaàhd( yl`y êdyqm( {ldf ld `qqezdi `y Jhmqdfcd(

`yy`cldi legsdhj ym yles gmsy cdhdaq`ydi `qyesy( `fi {`s efsyqtcydi au leg ef idsekf( `fi ef yld ~h`syec `qy

~`qyecth`qhu( `fi ef yl`y jefd syuhd mj ~èfyefk {eyl {lecl Zdqqmcclem( {eylmty gtcl ~q`cyesefk ey legsdhj(

egatdi amyl Zefce `fi Cqdie& Yqìeyemfs `qd sdhimg {lmhhu kqmtfihdss? yldu l`zd kdfdq`hhu smgd jmtfi`yemf

ef yqtyl&

Yld g`ffdq mj êdyqm es smgd{l`y l`qi `fi iqu( heod yl`y mj myldq ~èfydqs mj les yegd? `fi ld mcc`semf`hhu

d|leaeys ` ~mzdqyu ef yld iq`~dqu mj les jektqds? les k`qgdfys `fi g`fyhds adefk ctqyèhdi `fi cmfjefdi& Aty ld

`ymfds jmq yldsd j`thys au yld kq`cd mj les ldìs( ~`qyecth`qhu ef les amus `fi ef les {mgdf? {lecl l`zd `f èq

mj dhdk`fcd `fi ` cl`qg mj cmhmtq tfofm{f ym les cmfydg~mq`qeds& Ey es idheklyjth ym adlmhi ef les ~ecytqds(`fi ef les jqdscms {lecl qdgèf ef ^dqtke` `fi Qmgd( yld aqekly `rtqd kqmtfi {lecl `jjmqis stcl lekl qdhedj

ym les jektqds? yld kqddf( ~tq~hd( `fi zemhdy yefys sm cl`sydhu l`qgmferdi( yld ad`tyejth `fi {dhh iq`{f

h`fisc`~d `fi diejecds( {lecl( `s Z`s`qe sùs( {`s ` ylefk tfyeh yl`y yegd fdzdq sddf ef Jhmqdfcd& Ef les

`hy`q~edcds ld es fmy stjjecedfyhu z`qedi& Yldqd es ` qdg`qoàhd ~èfyefk d|dctydi jmq yld cltqcl mj S& Segmfd(

`y ^dqtke`( mj ` Lmhu J`gehu( mfd mj yld jeqsy s~dcegdfs mj ` {dhh idsekfdi `fi {dhh cmg~msdi `hy`q~edcd& Ef

myldq qds~dcys êdyqm iei fmy gòd `fu kqd`y ìz`fcds ef efzdfyemf? les Cqtceje|emfs `fi les Idscdfys jqmg yld

Cqmss `qd ftgdqmts( `fi mj `f tfejmqg cl`q`cydq& Ld l`s ylts qd~qdsdfydi( {eyl heyyhd z`qe`yemf( yld @scdfsemfs

mj mtq Hmqi `fi mj yld Zeqkef( ef Amhmkf`( ef Jhmqdfcd( ^dqtke`( `fi Ceyyî ie S& Sd~mhcqm& Ld {`s qd~qm`cldi

{eyl yles ceqctgsy`fcd ef les hejdyegd( `fi idjdfidi legsdhj au sùefk yl`y fm mfd lì ` qekly ym cmg~hèf( `s

yld idsekfs {dqd `hh les m{f& Yldqd es `hsm `fmyldq idjdfcd( {lecl es( yl`y cmg~mseyemfs( qd`hhu ad`tyejth( `qd

syehh sddf {eyl idhekly {ldf qd~d`ydi ef iejjdqdfy ~h`cds? {lmdzdq sdds ef yld Sesyefd les S& ^dydq efzdsydi {eyl




yld odus( {ehh fmy ad ies~hd`sdi `y jefiefk `y ^dqtke` yld s`gd h`fisc`~d( ef ` ~ecytqd mj yld G`qqe`kd mj yld

Zeqkef& Mf yld cmfyq`qu( yles ~ecytqd es mfd mj yld jefdsy mabdcys yl`y fmahd ceyu `jjmqis? `fi gù ad cmfseidqdi

`s cmfyèfefk `f d~eymgd mj yld z`qemts syuhds mj êdyqm& Ef yld m~efemf mj smgd ~dqsmfs( les jqdscms d|leaey `

gmqd jdqyehd efzdfyemf( `fi kqd`ydq idhec`cu `fi l`qgmfu mj cmhmtq& Mj yldsd( les g`sydq~edcd es ef les f`yezd

ceyu( ef yld S`h` idh C`gaem& Ey es `f dz`fkdhec`h stabdcy( {eyl sèfys jqmg yld Mhi Ydsy`gdfy( `fi {eyl les m{f

~mqyqèy( ym {lecl les kq`ydjth jdhhm{ ceyerdfs `yy`cldi `f dhdk`fy dthmku& Ld es gmsy dgefdfy( `fi ìm~ys ` smqy

mj Q`jj`dhhdsptd syuhd( ef smgd mj les h`yydq ~ecytqds& E l`zd masdqzdi ey ef ` Lmhu J`gehu( ef yld C`qgefd ef^dqtke`& Yld s`gd gù ad sèi ymm mj cdqyèf sg`hh ~ecytqds( `hgmsy mj ` gefe`ytqd ch`ss? `s ef yld kqìm mj S&

^dydq( ef ^dqtke`( yl`f {lecl fmylefk c`f ad gmqd jefesldi `fi ad`tyejth? `fi ef g`fu myldq ~edcds ef {lecl

ld l`s s~`qdi fm ~èfs(_10W aty {lecl `qd jd{ ef cmg~`qesmf ym yld gthyeytid au les sclmh`qs( `yyqeatydi ym

leg&

Ef yqd`yefk mj yld sclmmh mj êdyqm ^dqtkefm( ey es fdcdss`qu ym ìzdqy ym {l`y Y`b`(_11W `fi `jydq leg yld `tylmq

mj yld Hdyydqd ^dqtkefd( fmyecds qds~dcyefk les sclmh`qs( yl`y yldu {dqd gmsy scqt~thmts ef ìldqefk ym yld

g`ffdq mj yldeq g`sydq( `fi `s yldu {dqd zdqu ftgdqmts( yldu l`zd jehhdi yld {mqhi {eyl ~ecytqds( {lecl amyl

au ~èfydqs `fi cmffmessdtqs `qd zdqu cmggmfhu cmfseidqdi `s les& [ldf les {mqos ef ^dqtke` `qd efs~dcydi(

ld kdfdq`hhu qesds ef yld dsyddg mj yq`zdhhdqs( mj {lmg g`fu l`zd mfhu sddf ~èfyefks efcmqqdcyhu `scqeadi ym

leg& Ef Jhmqdfcd yldqd `qd smgd mj les ~ecytqds ef yld Kq`fi Itod+s cmhhdcyemf2 `fi ef yld cltqcl mj S& Cle`q`(

les ad`tyejth Idscdfy jqmg yld Cqmss( `fi smgd myldq {mqos? aty ef ~qez`yd cmhhdcyemfs amyl ldqd `fi ef myldq

ceyeds mj Ytsc`fu( g`fu Lmhu J`geheds `qd `ssekfdi ym leg( {lecl `qd gmsy ~qmaàhu au Kdqefm i` êsymb`( mq

smgd mj les Ytsc`f sclmh`qs( mj {lmg yldqd es ` c`y`hmktd ef mtq jeqsy ammo& Yld ^`~`h sy`yds `hsm ~mssdssdi

g`fu mj les sclmh`qs( {lm {dqd mj lekldq qd~ty`yemf( fmq sm {lmhhu `yy`cldi ym les g`ffdq `s yld syq`fkdqs&

Adqf`qiefm êfytqecclem( les sclmh`q `fi `ssesy`fy ef ^dqtke` `fi ef Qmgd( {`s ` ~èfydq heyyhd z`htdi au

Z`s`qe( {lm l`s fmy `hhm{di leg les jthh sl`qd mj gdqey& Ld l`s fmy yld syuhd mj idsekf mj les g`sydq( `fi

qdyèfs gmqd yl`f cmfsesydfy {eyl les `kd( yld mqf`gdfys mj kmhi ef les iq`~dqu? aty ld es g`kfejecdfy ef les

diejecds( s~eqeydi ef les cmtfydf`fcds( `fi d|yqdgdhu f`ytq`h ef dzdqu ylefk ld efyqmitcds efym les cmg~mseyemf&

@s ld {`s mf yld gmsy j`gehe`q jmmyefk {eyl Q`jj`dhhm( {eyl {lmg ld ~èfydi `y Sedf`( ld l`s dgth`ydi les

kq`cd ef smgd mj les jektqds( `s ef les ~ecytqd mj S& Hmqdfrm ef yld cltqcl mj yld Jq`fcdsc`fe ie S~dhhm( ef

{lecl yldqd es ` sg`hh S& Bmlf yld A`~yesy( ylmtkly au smgd ym ad au Q`~l`dh legsdhj& Ld {`s zdqu stccdssjth

ef `qàdsptds `fi ~dqs~dcyezd? ef {lecl {ù ld {`s yld jeqsy ym qd~qdsdfy ceyeds ef yld mqf`gdfys mj les jqdscm~èfyefks( `s ef `f `~`qygdfy mj yld Z`yec`f( {ldqd ef les h`fisc`~ds ld efyqmitcdi zed{s mj yld ~qefce~`h

ceyeds mj Ey`hu& Ef g`fu mj les ~èfyefks ld qdyèfdi yld `fcedfy ctsymg mj gòefk ~`qy mj les idcmq`yemfs mj

sytccm( `s yld `qclds( ` ctsymg {lecl {`s masdqzdi ef yld Geh`fdsd sclmmh ym yld yegd mj K`tidfrem& Qmgd

~mssdssds smgd mj les {mqos( ~`qyecth`qhu ef yld Z`yec`f( `fi ef @q`cdhe& Yldqd es ` kmmi ~ecytqd au leg ef yld

itmgm mj S~dhhm&_13W Les adsy es `y Sedf`( ef yld g`kfejecdfy s`cqesyu mj {lecl {d l`zd `hqdìu gìd gdfyemf&

Yldu cmfsesy mj ydf lesymqec`h stabdcys( cmfyèfefk yld gmsy gdgmqàhd ~`ss`kds ef yld hejd mj êts EE&( `fi mf

yld mtyseid es `f dhdzdfyl( {lecl qd~qdsdfys yld Cmqmf`yemf mj êts EEE&( au {lmg yles {mqo {`s mqidqdi&

Z`s`qe l`s ìidi ym yld hejd mj êfytqecclem yl`y mj Keqmh`gm Kdfk`( mj Tqaefm( `y jeqsy ` sclmh`q mj Sekfmqdhhe(

`jydq{`qis mj ^dqtkefm( `fi {lm qdgèfdi smgd yegd ~tqstefk les sytieds ef Jhmqdfcd& Ld {`s( jmq ` hmfk

~dqemi( ef yld sdqzecd mj yld Itod mj Tqaefm( `fi `yy`cldi legsdhj gmqd ym `qcleydcytqd yl`f ym ~èfyefk(ylmtkl( ef yld h`yydq( ld {`s stjjecedfyhu iesyefktesldi ym idsdqzd ` ~h`cd ef yld lesymqu mj `qy& [d c`ffmy jmqg

` cmqqdcy btikgdfy mj leg( `s ` kqd`y ~`qy mj les m{f {mqos l`zd ~dqesldi? `fi `s ld `ssesydi Sekfmqdhhe ef

Mqzedym `fi myldq ~h`cds? `fi {`s `ssesydi au Yegmydm idhh` Zeyd ef Tqaefm( `fi ef yld eg~dqe`h ~`h`cd mj

^ds`qm au Q`jj`dhhd idh Cmhhd( `fi z`qemts myldqs& Ef yld ^dyqtcce ~`h`cd `y Sedf`( {lecl fm{ adhmfks ym yld

fmahd j`gehu mj S`zefe( smgd lesymqec`h ~edcds `qd `scqeadi ym leg fd`q ylmsd mj Sekfmqdhhe& Yldu `qd idscqeadi

ef yld Hdyydqd Sdfdse( `fi ef yld fmyds ~tahesldi `y Sedf` ym yld jmtqyl zmhtgd mj Z`s`qe& Yldsd ~edcds `qd

~qèsdi `s st~dqemq ym ylmsd mj Sekfmqdhhe( `fi `s ef g`fu ~`qys `~~qm`clefk yld d`qhu syuhd mj Q`jj`dhhm& Fmq

im E sdd lm{( ef yld àmzd gdfyemfdi hdyydqs( yldu cmthi ad st~~msdi ym ad au Q`rre( mq ^dqtrre( mq

^`ccle`qmyym( ef yldeq l`qi iqu g`ffdq {ldf lesymqu `sstqds ts yl`y Keqmh`gm {`s {eyl ^`fimhjm `

cmfseidqàhd yegd( {lecl c`ffmy ad `ssdqydi mj yld myldq ylqdd? `fi `s ey `~~d`qs yl`y ^dyqtcce( ym jefesl yld

{mqo mj Sekfmqdhhe( sdhdcydi Kdfk` jqmg `gmfk les sclmh`qs& Ej {d id~qezd leg mj yles {mqo( {lecl es yld mfhu




mfd {lecl c`f ad c`hhdi les m{f( {l`y c`f ld l`zd d|dctydi ef `hh yles yegd= Ef yles lmtsd yldqd es fm myldq

~ecytqd yl`y c`f ad `ssekfdi ym leg( `hylmtkl Z`s`qe `ssdqys yl`y ld yldqd ~èfydi myldq qmmgs& @ gmsy

ad`tyejth ~ecytqd au Kdfk`( `fi mj yld kqd`ydsy q`qeyu( es ym ad sddf ef S& C`ydqef` i` Sedf` ef Qmgd? yld stabdcy

es yld Qdstqqdcyemf mj mtq S`zemtq&

Mj yld myldq sclmh`qs mj ^dqtkefm {d l`zd fm iesyefcy `ccmtfy? aty {d jefi smgd fmyecd mj yldg ef yld hejd mj

yldeq g`sydq& Kemz`ffe S~`kftmhm( f`gdi Hm S~`kf`( {`s mfd mj yld g`fu mhyq`gmfy`fe {lmg ^dqtkefmefsyqtcydi& Yld kqd`ydq ~`qy mj yldsd efyqmitcdi les g`ffdq efym yldeq m{f cmtfyqeds( aty Kemz`ffe dsyàhesldi

legsdhj `y S~mhdye( `y {lecl ~h`cd( `fi ef @ssese( ld hdjy les adsy {mqos& Ef yld m~efemf mj Z`s`qe yld cmhmtqefk

mj ^dqtkefm stqzezdi ef leg gmqd yl`f ef `fu mj les jdhhm{ sclmh`qs& Ef ` cl`~dh mj yld @fkemhe( adhm{ @ssese(

yldqd qdgèfs yld ~ecytqd idscqeadi au Z`s`qe( ef {lecl `qd yld ~mqyqèys mj yld aqmyldqlmmi mj S& Jq`fces( {lm

chmsdi les iùs mf yles s~my( `fi( ~dql`~s( fm myldq ~t~eh mj yles sclmmh l`s ~èfydi ~mqyqèys {eyl gmqd yqtyl( ej

{d d|cd~y Q`jj`dhhm legsdhj( {eyl {lmg fm myldq ~èfydq es ym ad cmg~`qdi&

@ gmqd gdgmqàhd ~dqsmf es @fiqd` Hteke ie @ssese( ` cmg~dyeymq mj Q`jj`dhhm( `hylmtkl mj gmqd g`ytqd

ud`qs( {lm( jqmg les l`~~u kdfets {`s f`gdi H+Efkdkfm& Ld `ssesydi ^dqtkefm ef yld S`h` idh C`gaem( `fi ef

myldq {mqos mj gmqd cmfsdptdfcd? `fi ld gù ad sèi ym ad yld jeqsy mj yl`y sclmmh {lm adk`f ym dfh`qkd yld

syuhd( `fi smjydf yld cmhmtqefk& Yles es masdqzàhd ef sdzdq`h mj les {mqos( `fi sefkth`qhu sm ef yld suaehs `fi

~qm~ldys ef jqdscm ef yld cltqcl mj @ssese? ej yldu `qd au les l`fi( `s es kdfdq`hhu adhedzdi& Ey es eg~msseahd ym

adlmhi les ~ecytqds {eylmty ` jddhefk mj cmg~`ssemf( {ldf {d qdcmhhdcy yl`y ld {`s zeseydi {eyl ahefifdss `y

yld gmsy z`htàhd ~dqemi mj les hejd& Imgdfecm ie ^`qes @hj`fe `hsm dfh`qkdi yld g`ffdq mj les g`sydq( `fi

dzdf gmqd yl`f leg Mq`rem les smf( `fi fmy les aqmyldq( `s l`s addf eg`kefdi& Yles `qyesy ad`qs ` kqd`y

qdsdgah`fcd ym Q`jj`dhhm& Yldqd `qd smgd mj les ~ecytqds ef ^dqtke`( {lecl( ej ey {dqd fmy jmq ` gmqd idhec`yd

cmhmtqefk( `fi smgdylefk mj yld st`zeyu mj A`qmccem( gekly ad `ssekfdi ym yld sclmmh mj Q`jj`dhhm? `fi yldqd

`qd ~ecytqds mf {lecl ` ptdsyemf `qesds {ldyldq yldu adhmfk ym yl`y sclmmh mq ym Mq`rem? ~`qyecth`qhu smgd

Gìmff`s( {lecl `qd ~qdsdqzdi ef z`qemts cmhhdcyemfs& E l`zd sddf mfd ef yld ~mssdssemf mj yld `ccmg~hesldi

Sek& @tieymq Jqekdqe ef ^dqtke`? `fi yldqd es `fmyldq ef yld itc`h k`hhdqu ef Jhmqdfcd& Yld qd~ty`yemf mj yld

umtfkdq @hj`fe l`s efbtqdi yl`y mj yld myldq? `fi dzdf ef ^dqtke` smgd jefd ~edcds {dqd hmfk cmfseidqdi ym ad

au Mq`rem( {lecl l`zd sefcd addf qdsymqdi ym Imgdfecm& @f `ccmtfy mj yldsd( `fi myldq {mqos mj dgefdfy

`qyesys( gù ad jmtfi ef gmidqf {qeydqs? `fi ~`qyecth`qhu ef G`qemyye( {lm gdfyemfs yld `hy`q~edcd mj yldCqtceje|emf( ady{ddf S& @~mhhmfe` `fi S& Bdqmgd( `y yld cltqcl mj yld Cmfzdfyt`hs( ` {mqo au yld y{m @hj`fes(

j`yldq `fi smf& Ef cmggdfi`yemf mj yld h`yydq ld ìis( yl`y ld {`s yld cledj mj yld `cìdgu jmq idsekf( {lecl

{`s jmtfidi ef 04;3( `fi {lecl( `jydq g`fu lmfmtqàhd syqtkkhds( l`s addf qdzezdi ef mtq m{f yegd&

Yldqd `qd myldq `qyesys mj hdss cdhdaqeyu ef ^dqtke`( ylmtkl fmy mgeyydi au Z`s`qe& Dtsdaem i` S& Kemqkem

~èfydi ef yld cltqcl mj S& Jq`fcdscm ie G`ydhec`( ` ~ecytqd {eyl sdzdq`h sèfys( `fi mf yld kqìm( ~`qy mj yld

lesymqu mj S& @fylmfu( {eyl les f`gd( `fi yld ud`q 0401& [d gù qdcmkferd ef ey yld iq`{efk mj ^dqtkefm( aty

yld cmhmtqefk es jddahd& Les ~ecytqd mj yld G`ke `y S& @kmsyefm es adyydq cmhmtqdi( `fi ef yles ld jmhhm{di ^`qes&

Yld {mqos mj Ke`ffecmh` i` ^dqtke`( ` kmmi cmhmtqesy( `fi yldqdjmqd {ehhefkhu qdcdezdi au êdyqm ym `ssesy leg

ef les hàmtqs( lm{dzdq efjdqemq ym yl`y `qyesy ef idsekf `fi ~dqs~dcyezd( `qd qdcmkferdi ef yld C`~~dhh` idh

C`gaem( {lecl es fd`q yld cdhdaq`ydi s`h` mj ^dqtkefm( `fi {`s ~èfydi au leg {eyl yld hejd mj Bmlf yldA`~yesy& Ef yld cltqcl mj S& Ylmg`s( es les ~ecytqd mj yl`y @~msyhd àmty ym ymtcl yld {mtfis mj mtq S`zemtq(

`fi d|cd~yefk ` idkqdd mj s`gdfdss ef yld ldìs( ey ~mssdssds gtcl mj yld cl`q`cydq mj ^dqtkefm& Ke`ga`yesy`

C`~mq`he( dqqmfdmtshu c`hhdi Adfdidyym au Z`s`qe( A`hieftcce( `fi myldqs( lmhis heod{esd ` gmidq`yd q`fo ef

yles sclmmh( `fi es gmqd cdhdaq`ydi `gmfk yld `qcleydcys& Kethem( les f`ytq`h smf( `jydq{`qis hdkeyeg`yerdi( `hsm

cthyez`ydi yld s`gd ~qmjdssemf&

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zeseydi yld ~h`cd ym zed{ yles d|cdhhdfy {mqo( `fi ef ~`qyecth`q( yld ehhtsyqemts Q`jj`dhhm&W

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Jàqe`fm( yld mfd ef yld cltqcl mj yld Imgdfec`fs( yld myldq ef yld Cltqcl mj yld C`~tclefs&W

_Jmmyfmyd 002 Ymg& ||eee& ~`kd <3( *c& Au yld jeqsy( es yld `fcedfy ~ecytqd mj S& G`qe` idhh` Cmfsmh`remfd ef

yl`y cltqcl( dqdcydi ef 0991& Au yld sdcmfi( `qd yld ~ecytqds ef yld cltqcl mj S& Qmccm( ~èfydi àmty yld ud`q

09:3& Yld yleqi `qyesy ~èfydi ` ~ecytqd ef yld cltqcl mj S& Headq`ym( ef 0959&W

_Jmmyfmyd 012 K`hd`rrm S`frem `fi les smfs {ehh ad fmyecdi ef yld sdcmfi d~mcl&W

_Jmmyfmyd 032 Sdd Z`s`qe( Amhmkf` dieyemf( ~& 1:>&W

_Jmmyfmyd 092 Yld cmggdfy`ymqs mj Z`s`qe qdg`qo( yl`y {ldf ld tsds yles ~lq`sd( ld qdjdqs ym yld ud`q mj yld

id`yl mj yld `qyesy( mq ym yld ~dqemi {ldf ld qdhefptesldi les `qy& êdyqm gtsy yldqdjmqd l`zd adcmgd ahefi

àmty yld ud`q 094<( ef yld se|yedyl ud`q mj les `kd( `fi gtsy l`zd iedi àmty 09<9( `kdi deklyu'se|& Yles

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ef 0941( {`s yld jqedfi `fi egey`ymq mj êdyqm( `fi smgd yegd adjmqd les id`yl `ssekfdi leg les fd~ld{

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mf yles mcc`semf( `s smgd l`zd imfd( {ldf `qd {d ym adhedzd leg= Ey es yqtd( efiddi( yl`y ld es ktehyu mj `

syq`fkd `f`clqmfesg ef gdfyemfefk Kteita`him( yld mhi Itod mj Tqaefm( `s les jeqsy ~`yqmf? aty yles oefi mj

Yld Lesymqu mj ̂ èfyefk ef Ey`hu( Zmh& 1 au Hteke @fymfem H`fre 0:



dqqmq es jqdptdfy ef leg( `fi fmy ym ad qdk`qidi&W

_Jmmyfmyd 042 Jt dccdhhdfyessegm ~qms~dyyezm( d eh g`kkemq kdmgdyq` id+ stme ydg~e& Qmg`fm @hadqye(

Yq`yy`ym idhh` fmaehyî idhh` ~eyytq`( ~& 31& Sdd `hsm ^`scmhe( Zeyd( ymg& e& ~& 5>&W

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~dqs~dcyezd&W

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cmthi l`zd ~èfydi Se|yts EZ& Mf yld myldq l`fi yles yqìeyemf mj les ahefifdss cmgds jqmg Z`s`qe( {lmsd

j`gehu {`s sm efyeg`ydhu cmffdcydi {eyl yl`y mj êdyqm idhh` Jq`fcdsc`( yl`y yldqd {`s hdss qmmg jmq dqqmq ef

yld hejd mj yl`y `qyesy yl`f ef `fu myldq& Yles d|cdhhdfy ~ecytqd( mj {lecl E l`zd sddf ` ad`tyejth cm~u ef yld

~mssdssemf mj yld Itod ie Cdqe( E slmthi gusdhj q`yldq `yyqeatyd ym Gdhmrrm&W

_Jmmyfmyd 0<2 Ld es j`zmqàhu gdfyemfdi au Cqes~mhye( ef yld ^dqtke` @tktsy`? au Ce`yye( ef yld Esymqed ie

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@f `ssdqyemf sefkth`qhu tfbtsy ym G`s`ccem&W

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j`yldq {`s amqf( {lm `jydq{`qis qdgmzdi ym ^dqtke`( {ldqd êdyqm {`s amqf? aty yld kqd`ydq ~qmaàeheyu es(

yl`y êdyqm `hsm {`s amqf ef Ceyyî idhh` êdzd& G`qemyye&W

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Jq`fcdsc`% {lecl ld s`{ ef ^dqtke`( `s ey gmsy `sstqdihu c`ffmy ad ~qmzdi yl`y ^dqtkefm {`s dzdq ef les

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mhi {ldf Amqkldsd hmsy les sekly( E qdk`qi ey `s `f àstqi yqìeyemf&W

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`~~hec`yemf mq ef `gdfeyu mj cmhmtq& ^ìqd idhh` Z`hhd `ssdqys mf yld cmfyq`qu( yl`y ld {`s efidaydi jmq `

kqd`y ~mqyemf mj les cdhdaqeyu ym yld y`hdfys ies~hùdi au les sclmh`qs? `fi sùs yl`y ld idydcydi yld ymtcl mj

Q`jj`dhhm ef les ~ecytqd ef yld Kq`fi Itod+s cmhhdcyemf? aty {d gtsy l`zd ` syqmfkdq ydsyegmfu adjmqd {d

stagey mtqsdhzds ym yles idcesemf&W

_Jmmyfmyd 112 Idscqeremfd idh ^`h`rrm Z`yec`fm( ~& 3:&W

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@fftfce`yemf( yld Aeqyl mj Clqesy( `fi yld Ies~tyd {eyl yld Imcymqs( yld adsy mj yld ylqdd& Ef mfd mj yldsd ldefyqmitcdi les m{f ~mqyqèy& Z`s`qe imds fmy gdfyemf yles jefd ~qmitcyemf&W

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Hmyym( *c&W

_Jmmyfmyd 142 Ey es sèi yl`y Gdfks( {lm {`s idseqmts mj adefk cmfseidqdi ` ~lehmsm~lec`h ~èfydq( cmefceidi

{eyl Zeyqtzets ef m~efemf& Aty yles m~efemf slmthi ad qdsyqecydi ym smgd efiejjdqdfy s~dcegdfs? jmq {ldf ld

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ef Kdfm`( {lecl ~mssdssds smgd ad`tyejth `qàdsptds au Z`k`& Sm yld idjdfidq mj Q`yye `sstqds ts&W

Yld Lesymqu mj ̂ èfyefk ef Ey`hu( Zmh& 1 au Hteke @fymfem H`fre 0;



QMG@F SCLMMH&

D^MCL EE&

Q`jj`dhhm `fi les Sclmmh&

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mqf`gdfy`h ~`qys&

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g`ffdq( yl`y Hmtes \EEE&( {eslefk ym mqf`gdfy yld ~`h`cd mj yld Hmtzqd( lì `hh yldsd efy`khems sd~`q`ydhu

cm~edi& Yld iq`{efks mj yldg {dqd gìd au ^mtssef( `fi G`qedyyd am`sydi mj l`zefk yldg ef les cmhhdcyemf&

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`fi ey es {mfidqjth ym adlmhi yld cqm{is yl`y jhmco ym sdd yldg( `fi {lm dzdq qdk`qi yldg {eyl jqdsl `zeieyu

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adumfi yld gdqeie`f mj Qmgd( ej ld lì fmy stccddidi ef d|ydfiefk yld jqteys mj les kdfets( au yld gd`fs mj

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gdfyemfdi au les aemkq`~ldqs& Ld `hsm ~èfydi S& Gecl`dh jmq yld Oefk mj Jq`fcd( `fi g`fu myldq lmhu

j`geheds_9:W `fi idzmyemf`h stabdcys( {lecl fdeyldq Z`s`qe fmq les myldq aemkq`~ldqs l`zd jthhu dftgdq`ydi&

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les sclmmh& Gdfks( {lm z`qedi les m~efemfs `y iejjdqdfy ~dqemis mj les hejd( efseft`yds( yl`y Q`jj`dhhm jmq smgd

yegd sddgdi ym shtgadq( `fi iei fmy gòd ylmsd q`~ei syqeids ef yld `qy( {lecl gekly l`zd addf d|~dcydi jqmg

les kdfets& Yles {`s( ~qmaàhu( {ldf Gecldh`fkemhm {`s jmq smgd ud`qs àsdfy jqmg Qmgd& Aty {ldf ld

qdytqfdi( `fi ld`qi ey qd~mqydi yl`y g`fu ~dqsmfs cmfseidqdi yld ~èfyefks mj Q`jj`dhhm st~dqemq ym les ef

cmhmtq( mj gmqd ad`tyu `fi kq`cd ef cmg~mseyemf( `fi mj ` cmqqds~mfidfy d|cdhhdfcd ef idsekf( {lehsy les{mqos {dqd sèi ym ~mssdss fmfd mj yldsd pt`heyeds d|cd~y yld h`sy? ld {`s syegth`ydi ym `zèh legsdhj mj yld

~dfceh mj Jq` Sda`sye`fm( `fi `y yld s`gd yegd st~~hedi leg {eyl les m{f idsekfs& Yld gmsy cdhdaq`ydi {mqo

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` cl`~dh mj S& ^dydq ef Gmfymqem& Q`jj`dhhm adefk stasdptdfyhu dg~hmudi ym ~èfy ` ~ecytqd jmq yld C`qief`h

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s~eqey mj dgth`yemf( yld Yq`fsjektq`yemf& Yles es ` ~ecytqd {lecl cmgaefds( sùs Gdfks( gmqd d|cdhhdfcds

yl`f `fu mj yld ~qdzemts {mqos mj Q`jj`dhhm& Yld d|~qdssemf ef ey es gmqd d|`hydi `fi gmqd qdjefdi( yld

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ef yld iq`~dqu( gmqd kq`cd ef yld ldìs( `fi gmqd kq`fidtq ef yld syuhd&_9;W Ey qd~qdsdfys yld gusydqu mj yld

Yq`fsjektq`yemf mj Clqesy mf yld stggey mj Gmtfy Yàmq& Mf yld seid mj yld lehh ld l`s ~h`cdi ` a`fi mj lesiesce~hds( `fi {eyl yld l`~~edsy efzdfyemf l`s dfk`kdi yldg ef `f `cyemf cmfjmqgàhd ym yldeq ~m{dqs( `fi l`s

ylts jmqgdi `f d~esmid fmy adumfi yld amtfis mj ~qmaàeheyu& @ umtyl ~mssdssdi es ~qdsdfydi ym yldg( yl`y

yldu gù d|~dh yld dzeh s~eqey yl`y ymqgdfys leg? `fi ef yld ~mssdssdi( syqtkkhefk {eyl yld ~qdsdfcd mj yld

idgmf( yld cmfjeiefk jèyl mj yld j`yldq( yld `jjhecyemf mj ` ad`tyejth `fi efydqdsyefk jdg`hd( `fi yld

cmg~`ssemf zeseahd ef yld cmtfydf`fcds mj yld stqqmtfiefk `~msyhds( {d `qd ~qdsdfydi {eyl ~dql`~s yld gmsy

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~qefce~`h stabdcy mf yld stggey mj yld gmtfyèf& Yldqd yld y{m ~qm~ldys( `fi yld ylqdd iesce~hds( `qd gmsy

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hekly( `fi stqqmtfidi au yl`y cl`syd `fi cdhdsye`h qìe`fcd( yl`y es qdsdqzdi d|chtsezdhu jmq yld duds mj yld

dhdcy& Yld cmtfydf`fcd mj Clqesy( ef {lecl ld l`s idzdhm~di `hh les cmgaefdi eid`s mj g`bdsyu `fi ad`tyu(

gù ad cmfseidqdi yld g`sydq~edcd mj Q`jj`dhhm( `fi sddgs ym ts yld gmsy stahegd ldekly ym {lecl yld kdfets




mj yld `qyesy( mq dzdf yld `qy eysdhj( {`s c`~àhd mj `s~eqefk& @jydq yles djjmqy ld fdzdq qdstgdi les ~dfceh( `s ld

{`s smmf `jydq{`qis stiidfhu sderdi {eyl ` gmqy`h iesydg~dq( mj {lecl ld iedi( ef yld amsmg mj yld cltqcl(

mf Kmmi Jqeiù( ,`hsm yld `ffezdqs`qu mj les aeqyliù(% 041>( `kdi yleqyu'sdzdf ud`qs& Les amiu qd~msdi jmq

smgd iùs ef yld cl`gadq {ldqd ld {`s `cctsymgdi ym ~èfy( `fi mzdq ey {`s ~h`cdi yles fmahd ~ecytqd mj yld

Yq`fsjektq`yemf( ~qdzemts ym les gmqy`h qdgèfs adefk yq`fsjdqqdi ym yld cltqcl mj yld Qmymfi` jmq efydqgdfy&

Yldqd {`s fmy `f `qyesy yl`y {`s fmy gmzdi ym yd`qs `y yles `jjdcyefk sekly& Q`jj`dhhm lì `h{ùs ~mssdssdi yld

~m{dq mj dfk`kefk yld `jjdcyemfs mj `hh {eyl {lmg ld {`s `cptèfydi& Qds~dcyjth ym les g`sydq( ld mayèfdijqmg yld ^m~d `f `sstq`fcd yl`y les {mqos( ef mfd mj yld cdehefks mj yld Z`yec`f( slmthi qdgèf tfgmhdsydi?

btsy ym{`qis les qez`hs( ld d|~qdssdi les kq`yeytid ym Kmi yl`y ld lì addf amqf ef yld iùs mj Amf`qqtmye?

kq`cemts ym{`qis les ~t~ehs( ld hmzdi yldg( `fi efyqtsydi yldg `s les m{f smfs? cmtqydmts dzdf ym syq`fkdqs(

ld clddqjthhu hdfy les èi ym `hh {lm `sodi les ìzecd? `fi ef mqidq ym gòd idsekfs jmq myldqs( mq ym ieqdcy yldg

ef yldeq sytieds( ld smgdyegds dzdf fdkhdcydi les m{f {mqo( adefk `heod efc`~àhd mj qdjtsefk mq idhùefk les

efdsyegàhd èi& @hh yldsd qdjhdcyemfs jmqcdi yldgsdhzds mf yld gefis mj yld s~dcy`ymqs( {lmsd duds {dqd `y

mfd gmgdfy ieqdcydi ym yld zed{ mj les umtyljth qdgèfs( `fi mj ylmsd iezefd l`fis yl`y lì( ef yld egey`yemf

mj ldq {mqos( `hgmsy d|cdhhdi f`ytqd ldqsdhj? `fi `y `fmyldq gmgdfy( ym yld cmfydg~h`yemf mj yles les h`ydsy

~qmitcyemf( {lecl `~~d`qdi ym d|leaey yld i`{f mj ` fd{ `fi {mfidqjth syuhd? `fi yld ~èfjth qdjhdcyemf

~qdsdfydi eysdhj( yl`y( {eyl yld hejd mj Q`jj`dhhm( yld aqeklydsy ~qms~dcys mj `qy {dqd ylts stiidfhu masctqdi& Yld

^m~d legsdhj {`s idd~hu `jjdcydi `y les id`yl( `fi qdptdsydi Adgam ym cmg~msd yld d~ey`~l {lecl es fm{

qdì mf les ymga? `fi les hmss {`s cmfseidqdi `s ` f`yemf`h c`h`geyu ylqmtklmty `hh Ey`hu& Yqtd efiddi ey es( yl`y

smmf `jydq les idcd`sd( Qmgd ldqsdhj( `fi ldq ydqqeymqu( d|~dqedfcdi stcl tfld`qi mj c`h`geyeds( yl`y g`fu lì

btsy c`tsd ym dfzu leg( fmy mfhu yld cdhdaqeyu mj les hejd( aty yld m~~mqytfd ~dqemi mj les id`yl& Ld {`s fmy

immgdi ym sdd yld ehhtsyqemts Hdm \&( `y ` yegd {ldf ld d|ydfidi yld gmsy d|`hydi ~`yqmf`kd ym yld `qys(

~mesmfdi au ` s`cqehdkemts l`fi? fmq Chdgdfy ZEE&( ~qdssdi au `f dfq`kdi dfdgu( sddoefk sldhydq ef yld C`syhd

mj S& @fkdhm( `jydq{`qis cmg~dhhdi ym jhu jmq les hejd( `fi mahekdi ym ~tqcl`sd( `y dfmqgmts stgs( yld headqyu

mj les sdqz`fys& Fmq iei ld {eyfdss yld lmqqmqs `yydfiefk yld s`coefk mj Qmgd( yld fmaeheyu qmaadi `fi

~htfidqdi ef yldeq m{f ~`h`cds( yld zemh`yemf mj l`~hdss jdg`hds ef yld cmfzdfys? ~qdh`yds tfqdhdfyefkhu

iq`kkdi ym yld sc`jjmhi( `fi ~qedsys ymqf jqmg yld `hy`qs( `fi jqmg yld eg`kds mj yldeq sèfys( ym {lmg yldu

hmmodi ef zèf jmq qdjtkd( sh`tklydqdi au yld s{mqi( `fi yldeq amieds ylqm{f mty mj yld cltqclds ` ~qdu ym yld

imks& Fmq iei ld stqzezd ym sdd yl`y ceyu( {lecl ld lì sm ehhtsyq`ydi au les kdfets( `fi {ldqd ld lì jmq sm

g`fu ud`qs sl`qdi yld ~tahec ìgeq`yemf `fi dsyddg( {`sydi {eyl jeqd `fi s{mqi& Aty mj yles {d sl`hh s~dò ef`fmyldq ~h`cd( `fi sl`hh ldqd ìitcd smgd masdqz`yemfs mf les syuhd( sdhdcydi jqmg z`qemts `tylmqs( `fi gmqd

~`qyecth`qhu jqmg Gdfks( {lm l`s àhu cqeyecesdi ey ef les {mqos `hqdìu dftgdq`ydi au gd( `s {dhh `s ef smgd

myldqs&

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fmy cmggey sm g`fu `s myldqs& Ld mtkly( lm{dzdq( ym l`zd `hhm{di( yl`y les idjdcys {mthi ad d|cdhhdfcds ef

`fu myldq `qyesy( adefk fmylefk gmqd ef leg yl`f yld fdkhdcy mj yl`y lekldq idkqdd mj ~dqjdcyemf ym {lecl ld

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Yld syuhd mj idsekf mj Q`jj`dhhm( `s sddf ef ylmsd iq`{efks( iezdsydi mj cmhmtqs( {lecl fm{ jmqg yld cledj

mqf`gdfys mj càefdys( ~qdsdfys ts( ej {d gù tsd yld ydqg( {eyl yld ~tqd yq`fscqe~y mj les eg`kef`yemf( `fi {d

sy`fi ef `g`rd `y yld cmfymtqs( kq`cd( ~qdcesemf( iehekdfcd( `fi kdfets( {lecl yldu d|leaey& Mfd mj yld gmsy

ìgeqdi mj les iq`{efks E mfcd s`{ ef yld k`hhdqu mj yld Itod mj Gmidf`( ` gmsy jefesldi `fi st~dqemq

s~dcegdf( tfeyefk ef syuhd `hh yld efzdfyemf mj yld adsy ~èfydqs mj Kqddcd( `fi yld d|dctyemf mj yld jeqsy `qyesys

mj Ey`hu& Ey l`s addf gìd ` ptdsyemf {ldyldq Q`jj`dhhm iei fmy uedhi ym Gecldh`fkemhm ef iq`{efk? `fi Gdfks

legsdhj cmfjdssds( yl`y ld iei( `s j`q `s qdk`qis yld `f`ymgu mj yld gtschds( `fi ef syqmfk d|~qdssemf( ef {lecl

ld cmfseidqs Q`jj`dhhm ym l`zd egey`ydi Gecldh`fkemhm& Aty {d fddi fmy sù {eyl Z`s`qe( yl`y ef mqidq ym ~qmzd

yl`y ld tfidqsymmi yld fòdi jektqd `s {dhh `s Gecldh`fkemhm( ld `~~qm~qe`ydi ym legsdhj yld idsekfs mj yl`y




kqd`y g`sydq& Mf yld cmfyq`qu( ef yld jektqds mj yld y{m umtyls ef yld Efcdfiem ie Amqkm( cqeyecesdi au Z`s`qe(

mfd mj {lmg es ef yld `cy mj hd`~efk jqmg ` {`hh ym dsc`~d yld jh`gds( `fi yld myldq es jhddefk {eyl les j`yldq

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~qefce~`h ~`qys ef yld fòdi jektqd( `fi efiec`ydi yld myldqs `jydq yld d|`g~hd mj yld adyydq `fcedfy g`sydqs( `fi

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au yld C`z`hedqd i+@rr`q`( gefesydq mj yld oefk mj S~èf `y Qmgd( `f efiezeit`h( {lm( ef cmfjdqqefk lmfmtq mf

yld `qyesy( l`s au les m{f {qeyefk cmfjdqqdi lmfmtq mf `qy eysdhj&

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~dqjdcy ef yld `fcedfy sy`ytds( ld lì fmy `f dpt`h m~~mqytfeyu mj sytiuefk( `fi iei fmy yldqdjmqd idsekf yldg

sm dhdk`fyhu `s yld myldq ~`qys& Ld sdhdcydi yld ad`tyejth jqmg f`ytqd( `fi `s G`qedyyd masdqzds( {lmsd

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qd~d`ydi ef g`fu mj les Gìmff`s( ef yld ~ecytqd mj S& Cdcehe`( ef Amhmkf`( `fi ef g`fu jdg`hd ldìs& Cqeyecs

l`zd mjydf d|~qdssdi ` {esl yl`y yldsd ldìs lì ~mssdssdi ` gmqd iekfejedi cl`q`cydq( `fi ef yles qds~dcy ld

{`s( ~dql`~s( d|cdhhdi au Kteim Qdfe( `fi lm{dzdq dfk`kefk les clehiqdf gù ad( ylmsd mj Yeye`f `qd syehh

gmqd ad`tyejth& Les yqtd dg~eqd {`s ef yld ldìs mj les gdf( {lecl `qd ~mqyqèys sdhdcydi {eyl btikgdfy( `fi

id~ecydi {eyl ` iekfeyu ~qm~mqyemfdi ym les stabdcy& Z`s`qe c`hhs yld èq mj yldsd ldìs st~dqltg`f( `fi c`hhs

mf ts ym ìgeqd yld d|~qdssemf mj `kd ef yld ~`yqe`qcls( seg~heceyu mj hejd ef yld `~msyhds( `fi cmfsy`fcu mj jèyl

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yq`fsjdqqdi ym les cmtfydf`fcd( `fi gìd zeseahd ym gmqy`h duds&

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`yyq`cydi gmqd ìgeq`yemf mj h`yd ud`qs yl`f jmqgdqhu& Ey es qdg`qoàhd( yl`y fmy mfhu Rtcc`qm( {lm {`s efiddi

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fmy l`zd cmfjdqqdi mf leg yl`y ~qèsd {lecl ld `jydq{`qis qdcdezdi jqmg @hk`qmyye( H`rr`qefe( `fi Gdfks&

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yl`y g`sydq( {lm ~èfydi sm heyyhd( `fi {eyl stcl hàmtq( es fmy ym ad cmg~`qdi ym Q`jj`dhhm( {lm ~mssdssdi yld

{lmhd pt`heyu ef eys jthhdsy d|ydfy& Yldqd es fmy ` gmzdgdfy mj yld smth( yldqd es fmy ` cl`q`cydq mj ~`ssemf

ofm{f ym yld `fcedfys( `fi c`~àhd mj adefk d|~qdssdi au `qy( yl`y ld l`s fmy c`tkly( d|~qdssdi( `fi z`qedi( ef

` ylmts`fi iejjdqdfy {ùs( `fi `h{ùs {eylef yld amtfis mj ~qm~qedyu& [d l`zd fm yqìeyemf mj les l`zefk( heod

I` Zefce( jqdptdfydi yld ~tahec syqddys ym sddo jmq stabdcys jmq les ~dfceh? `fi les ftgdqmts ~ecytqds ~qmzd yl`y

ld cmthi fmy l`zd idzmydi sm gtcl yegd ym yles sytiu( {lehd les iq`{efks chd`qhu dzefcd( yl`y ld lì fmy dpt`hmcc`semf jmq stcl `ssesy`fcd& F`ytqd( `s E l`zd adjmqd qdg`qodi( lì dfim{di leg {eyl `f eg`kef`yemf {lecl

yq`fs~mqydi les gefi ym yld scdfd mj yld dzdfy( deyldq jàthmts mq qdgmyd( ef {lecl ld {`s dfk`kdi( `fi `{mod

ef leg yld zdqu s`gd dgmyemfs {lecl yld stabdcys mj stcl symqu gtsy yldgsdhzds l`zd d|~dqedfcdi? `fi yles

zezei cmfcd~yemf `ssesydi leg tfyeh ld lì idsekfdi les stabdcy {eyl yl`y iesyefcyfdss {lecl ld lì deyldq

masdqzdi ef myldq cmtfydf`fcds( mq jmtfi ef les m{f gefi& Yles j`cthyu( sdhimg jmtfi ef ~mdys( `fi syehh gmqd

q`qdhu ef ~èfydqs( fm mfd ~mssdssdi ef ` gmqd dgefdfy idkqdd yl`f Q`jj`dhhm& Les jektqds `qd ~`ssemfs

~dqsmfejedi? `fi hmzd( jd`q( lm~d( `fi idseqd( `fkdq( ~h`càeheyu( ltgeheyu( mq ~qeid( `sstgd yldeq ~h`cds au

ytqfs( `s yld stabdcy cl`fkds? `fi {lehd yld s~dcy`ymq qdk`qis yld cmtfydf`fcds( yld èq( `fi yld kdsytqds mj les

jektqds( ld jmqkdys yl`y yldu `qd yld {mqo mj `qy( `fi es stq~qesdi ym jefi les m{f jddhefks d|ceydi( `fi legsdhj

`f `cymq ef yld scdfd adjmqd leg& Yldqd es `fmyldq idhec`cu mj d|~qdssemf( `fi yles es yld kqì`yemf mj yld

~`ssemfs( au {lecl dzdqu mfd ~dqcdezds {ldyldq yldu `qd ef yldeq cmggdfcdgdfy mq `y yldeq ldekly( mq ef yldeq




idchefd& Ld lì masdqzdi yldeq slìds mj iejjdqdfcd ef yld efydqcmtqsd mj hejd( `fi mf dzdqu mcc`semf ld ofd{

lm{ ym yq`fsjdq yld qdsthy mj les masdqz`yemfs ym les c`fz`s& Dzdf les sehdfcd es dhmptdfy( `fi dzdqu `cymq

Eh cmq fdkhe mccle( d fdhh` jqmfyd l` scqeyym2

yld sg`hhdsy ~dqcd~yeahd gmyemf mj yld duds( mj yld fmsyqehs( mj yld gmtyl( `fi mj yld jefkdqs( cmqqds~mfis ym yld

cledj gmzdgdfys mj dzdqu ~`ssemf? yld gmsy `feg`ydi `fi zezei `cyemfs iescmzdq yld zemhdfcd mj yld ~`ssemfyl`y d|ceyds yldg? `fi {l`y es gmqd( yldu z`qu ef efftgdqàhd idkqdds( {eylmty dzdq id~`qyefk jqmg f`ytqd(

`fi cmfjmqg yldgsdhzds ym ` iezdqseyu mj cl`q`cydq {eylmty dzdq qesoefk ~qm~qedyu& Les ldqmds ~mssdss yld gedf

mj z`hmtq? les zthk`q( `f èq mj ida`sdgdfy? `fi yl`y( {lecl fdeyldq yld ~df fmq yld ymfktd cmthi idscqead( yld

kdfets `fi `qy mj Q`jj`dhhm {mthi idhefd`yd {eyl ` jd{ syqmods mj yld ~dfceh& Ftgadqs l`zd ef zèf smtkly ym

egey`yd leg? les jektqds `qd kmzdqfdi au ` sdfyegdfy mj yld gefi( {lehd ylmsd mj myldqs( ej {d d|cd~y ^mtssef

`fi ` zdqu jd{ gmqd( sddg yld egey`yemf mj yq`kec `cymqs jqmg yld scdfds& Yles es Q`jj`dhhm+s cledj d|cdhhdfcd?

`fi ld gù btsyhu ad idfmgef`ydi yld ~èfydq mj gefi& Ej ef yles j`cthyu ad efchtidi `hh yl`y es iejjecthy(

~lehmsm~lec`h( `fi stahegd( {lm sl`hh cmg~dyd {eyl leg ef yld smzdqdekfyu mj `qy=

@fmyldq pt`heyu {lecl Q`jj`dhhm ~mssdssdi ef `f dgefdfy idkqdd {`s kq`cd( ` pt`heyu {lecl gù ad sèi ym

cmfjdq `f ìieyemf`h cl`qg mf ad`tyu eysdhj& @~dhhds( {lm {`s st~qdgdhu dfim{di {eyl ey `gmfk yld `fcedfys(

{`s sm zèf mj yld ~mssdssemf yl`y ld ~qdjdqqdi ey ym dzdqu myldq `yyqeatyd mj `qy&_95W Q`jj`dhhm qez`hhdi leg

`gmfk yld gmidqfs( `fi yldfcd mayèfdi yld f`gd mj yld fd{ @~dhhds& Smgdylefk gekly( ~dql`~s( ad

ìz`fy`kdmtshu ìidi ym yld jmqgs mj les clehiqdf( `fi myldq idhec`yd jektqds {lecl ld qd~qdsdfydi( aty

fmylefk c`f ìi ym yldeq kq`cdjthfdss( jmq ej ey {dqd `yydg~ydi ym ad c`qqedi jtqyldq ey {mthi idkdfdq`yd efym

`jjdcy`yemf( `s {d jefi ef ^`qgdke`fm& Les Gìmff`s dfcl`fy ts( `s Gdfks masdqzds( fmy adc`tsd yldu ~mssdss

yld ~dqjdcy hefd`gdfys mj yld Gdiecd`f Zdfts( mq mj yld cdhdaq`ydi i`tklydq mj Femad? aty adc`tsd yld ~èfydq

ef yldeq ~mqyqèys `fi ef yldeq d|~qdssezd sgehds( l`s ~dqsmfejedi gmidsyu( g`ydqf`h hmzd( ~tqeyu mj gefi( `fi( ef

` {mqi( kq`cd eysdhj& Fmq iei ld eg~qdss yles pt`heyu mf yld cmtfydf`fcd `hmfd( aty iesyqeatydi ey ylqmtklmty yld

jektqd ef eys `yyeytid( kdsytqd( `fi `cyemf( `fi ef yld jmhis mj yld iq`~dqu( {eyl ` id|ydqeyu {lecl gù ad

ìgeqdi( aty c`f fdzdq ad qez`hhdi& Les jqddimg mj d|dctyemf {`s ` cmg~mfdfy ~`qy mj yles kq`cd( {lecl

efiddi z`feslds `s smmf `s hàmtq `fi sytiu `~~d`q? jmq ey es {eyl yld ~èfydq `s {eyl yld mq`ymq( ef {lmg `

f`ytq`h `fi s~mfy`fdmts dhmptdfcd idheklys ts( {lehd {d ytqf `{ù {eyl efiejjdqdfcd jqmg `f `qyejece`h `fisytiedi l`q`fktd&

Ef qdk`qi ym yld ~qmzefcd mj cmhmtq( Q`jj`dhhm gtsy uedhi yld ~`hg ym Yeye`f `fi Cmqqdkkem( `hylmtkl ld legsdhj

d|cdhhdi Gecldh`fkemhm `fi g`fu myldqs& Les jqdscms gù q`fo {eyl yld jeqsy {mqos mj myldq sclmmhs ef yl`y

hefd2 fmy sm les ~ecytqds ef meh& Ef yld h`yydq ld `zèhdi legsdhj mj yld sodyclds mj Kethem( {lecl {dqd cmg~msdi

{eyl ` idkqdd mj l`qifdss `fi yegeieyu? `fi ylmtkl jefesldi au Q`jj`dhhm( yldu l`zd jqdptdfyhu hmsy yld htsyqd

mj les h`sy ymtcl& Yles idjdcy {`s fmy eggdie`ydhu `~~`qdfy( `fi ej Q`jj`dhhm+s hejd lì addf ~qmhmfkdi( ld

{mthi l`zd addf `{`qd mj yld efbtqeds les ~ecytqds qdcdezdi jqmg yld h`~sd mj yegd( `fi {mthi fmy l`zd

jefesldi yldg ef sm hekly ` g`ffdq& Ld es mf yles `ccmtfy gmqd ìgeqdi ef les jeqsy stabdcy ef yld Z`yec`f(

~èfydi tfidq Bthets EE&( yl`f ef ylmsd ld d|dctydi tfidq Hdm \&( jmq adefk yldqd ~qdssdi au ` gthye~heceyu mj

atsefdss( `fi `f eid` mj yld eg~mqy`fcd mj ` kq`fidq syuhd( ld adc`gd hdss qecl `fi jeqg ef les cmhmtqefk& Yl`y(lm{dzdq( ld d|cdhhdi ef yldsd qds~dcys es dzefcdi au les ~mqyqèys( {ldf fmy l`zefk `f m~~mqytfeyu mj

ies~hùefk les efzdfyemf( cmg~mseyemf( `fi ad`tyejth syuhd mj idsekf( ld `~~d`qs `gaeyemts ym iesyefktesl

legsdhj au les cmhmtqefk& Ef yles qds~dcy les y{m ~mqyqèys mj Bthets EE& `qd yqthu ìgeqàhd( yld Gdiecd`f `fi

yld Cmqsefe`f2 yl`y mj Hdm \& ady{ddf yld y{m c`qief`hs? `fi àmzd `hh( ef yld m~efemf mj `f dgefdfy btikd(

Qdfjdsyldef( yl`y mj Aefim @hymzeye( ef yld ~mssdssemf mj les fmahd idscdfi`fys `y Jhmqdfcd( au g`fu qdk`qidi

`s ` ~mqyqèy mj Q`~l`dh legsdhj&_4>W Yld ldìs ef les Yq`fsjektq`yemf `qd dsyddgdi yld gmsy ~dqjdcy ld dzdq

~èfydi( `fi Gdfks d|ymhs yld cmhmtqefk mj yldg `s dgefdfyhu ad`tyejth& Ej yldqd ad `fu d|cd~yemf( ey es ef yld

cmg~hd|emf mj yld ~qefce~`h jdg`hd( mj ` kqduesl yefy( `s es mjydf yld c`sd ef les idhec`yd jektqds? ef {lecl ld es

yldqdjmqd cmfseidqdi ym d|cdh hdss yl`f ef yld ldìs mj les gdf& Gdfks l`s gìd g`fu d|cd~yemfs ym yld

cle`qmsctqm mj Q`jj`dhhm( `s cmg~`qdi {eyl yl`y mj Cmqqdkkem( mf {lecl cmffmessdtqs {ehh jmqg yldeq m{f

idcesemf& [d `qd ymhi yl`y ld ies~msdi ey {eyl yld èi mj gmidhs mj {`|? `fi yld qdhedj mj les ~ecytqds( `fi yld




ad`tyejth djjdcy ef les Ldhemimqts( `fi ef yld Yq`fsjektq`yemf( `qd `scqeadi ym yles gmid mj ~q`cyecd& Ym les

~dqs~dcyezd( ymm( ld {`s gmsy `yydfyezd& Id êhds jmtfi( ef smgd mj les sodyclds( yld sc`hd mj ~qm~mqyemf&_40W Ey

es `jjeqgdi au @hk`qmyye( yl`y ld iei fmy `yydg~y ym ~èfy ie smyym ef st& Aty ym yles m~efemf {d gù m~~msd yld

d|`g~hd {d jefi ef yld yleqi `qcl mj yld k`hhdqu mj yld Z`yec`f( {ldqd yldqd es ` ~dqs~dcyezd mj sg`hh cmhtgfs(

sùs Y`b`( egey`ydi ie smyym ef st& Ey es yqtd( yl`y ef les h`qkdq {mqos ld `zmeidi ey? `fi ef mqidq ym ~qdsdqzd yld

`~~d`q`fcd mj f`ytqd( ld qd~qdsdfydi les ~ecytqds `s ~èfydi mf ` y`~dsyqu( `yy`cldi au gd`fs mj ` qtffefk ofmy

ym yld dfyàh`ytqd mj yld qmmg&

Aty `hh yld kqd`y pt`heyeds {lecl {d l`zd dftgdq`ydi( {mthi fmy l`zd ~qmctqdi jmq Q`jj`dhhm stcl `f

d|yq`mqief`qu cdhdaqeyu( ej ld lì fmy ~mssdssdi ` {mfidqjth jdheceyu ef yld efzdfyemf `fi ies~mseyemf mj les

stabdcys( `fi yles ceqctgsy`fcd es( efiddi( les lekldsy gdqey& Ey gù {eyl yqtyl ad sèi( yl`y ef èi mj yles mabdcy

ld `zèhdi legsdhj mj dzdqu d|`g~hd( `fcedfy `fi gmidqf? `fi yl`y yldsd y{m qdpteseyds l`zd fmy sefcd addf sm

tfeydi ef `fu myldq `qyesy& Ld `ccmg~heslds ef les ~ecytqds yl`y {lecl dzdqu mq`ymq mtkly ym èg `y ef les

s~ddcl''ld efsyqtcys( gmzds( `fi idheklys ts& Yles es `f d`su y`so ym ` f`qq`ymq( sefcd ld c`f qdkth`qhu tfjmhi ym

ts yld {lmhd ~qmkqdss mj `f dzdfy& Yld ~èfydq( mf yld cmfyq`qu( l`s aty yld s~`cd mj ` gmgdfy ym gòd

legsdhj tfidqsymmi( `fi les y`hdfy cmfsesys ef idscqeaefk fmy mfhu {l`y es ~`ssefk( `fi {l`y es heodhu ym dfstd(

aty yl`y {lecl l`s `hqdìu mcctqqdi& Ey es ldqd yl`y yld kdfets mj Q`jj`dhhm yqetg~ls& Ld dgaq`cds yld {lmhd

stabdcy& Jqmg ` ylmts`fi ceqctgsy`fcds ld sdhdcys ylmsd `hmfd {lecl c`f efydqdsy ts? ld `qq`fkds yld `cymqs ef

yld gmsy d|~qdssezd g`ffdq? ld efzdfys yld gmsy fmzdh gmids mj cmfzduefk gtcl gd`fefk au ` jd{ ymtclds?

`fi ftgadqhdss geftyd ceqctgsy`fcds( `hh tfeyefk ef mfd ~tq~msd( qdfidq yld symqu fmy mfhu efydhhekeahd( aty

~`h~àhd& Z`qemts {qeydqs l`zd ìitcdi ef d|`g~hd yld S& ^`th `y Husyq`( {lecl es ym ad sddf ef mfd mj yld

y`~dsyqeds mj yld Z`yec`f& Yld `qyesy l`s yldqd qd~qdsdfydi yld s`cqejecd ~qd~`qdi jmq leg `fi S& A`qfà`s les

cmg~`femf( `s ym y{m kmis( jmq l`zefk qdsymqdi ` h`gd g`f ym yld tsd mj les hegas& Yld `hy`q( yld `yydfi`fys(

yld zecyegs( yld gtsece`fs( `fi yld `|d( stjjecedfyhu efiec`yd yld efydfyemfs mj yld Husyqe`fs& S& ^`th( {lm es ef

yld `cy mj yd`qefk les qmad( sld{s yl`y ld qdbdcys `fi àlmqs yld s`cqehdkemts lmfmtqs( `fi es dfid`zmtqefk ym

iesstìd yld ~m~th`cd jqmg ~dqsesyefk ef yldg& Aty `hh yles {dqd zèf( ej ey lì fmy efiec`ydi yld geq`chd {lecl

lì btsy l`~~dfdi( `fi {lecl lì kezdf qesd ym yld dzdfy& Q`jj`dhhm ìidi ym yld kqmt~ yld h`gd g`f qdsymqdi

ym yld tsd mj les hegas( fm{ d`sehu qdcmkferdi `kèf au `hh yld s~dcy`ymqs& Ld sy`fis adjmqd yld `~msyhds

qdbmecefk ef les qdsymq`yemf? `fi qèsds les l`fis ef yq`fs~mqy ym{`qis les adfdj`cymqs( {lehd `y les jddy hed yld

cqtyclds {lecl lì qdcdfyhu st~~mqydi leg( fm{ c`sy `{ù `s tsdhdss& Yles lì addf stjjecedfy jmq `fu myldq`qyesy? aty Q`jj`dhhm( {lm {esldi ym c`qqu qd`heyu ym yld tygmsy ~mefy( l`s ìidi ` ylqmfk mj ~dm~hd( {lm( ef

yldeq d`kdq ctqemseyu( qdgmzd yld k`qgdfy mj yld g`f( ym adlmhi les hegas qdsymqdi ym yldeq jmqgdq sy`yd&

Q`jj`dhhm àmtfis {eyl d|`g~hds heod yldsd( `fi ld gù ad cmg~`qdi ym smgd mj yld ch`ssec`h {qeydqs( {lm

`jjmqi yld gmqd g`yydq jmq qdjhdcyemf yld gmqd yldu `qd sytiedi& Ey es stjjecedfy ym l`zd fmyecdi ef yld efzdfyezd

~m{dqs mj Q`jj`dhhm( ylmsd ceqctgsy`fcds {lecl l`zd addf hdss jqdptdfyhu qdg`qodi? yld gmzdgdfy mj yld

~`ssemfs( {lecl es dfyeqdhu yld {mqo mj d|~qdssemf( yld idhekly {lecl ~qmcddis jqmg ~mdyec`h cmfcd~yemfs( mq

jqmg kq`cdjth d~esmids( gù ad sèi ym s~dò jmq yldgsdhzds( fmq l`zd `fu mcc`semf ym ad ~mefydi mty au ts&

Myldq ylefks gekly cmfyqeatyd ym yld ad`tyu mj les {mqos( `s tfeyu( stahegeyu( cmsytgd( `fi dqtieyemf? jmq

{lecl ey es stjjecedfy ym qdjdq ym ylmsd idheklyjth ~mdyec`h ~edcds( {eyl {lecl ld ìmqfdi yld k`hhdqu mj Hdm \&(

`fi {lecl {dqd dfkq`zdi au H`fjq`fcm `fi Aì`hmccle( `fi `qd c`hhdi yld Aeahd mj Q`jj`dhhm& Ef yld Qdytqf mj B`cma( {lm imds fmy eggdie`ydhu iescmzdq( ef yld ftgadq `fi z`qedyu mj imgdsyec `feg`hs( yld gthyeytid mj

sdqz`fys( `fi yld {mgdf c`qquefk {eyl yldg yldeq clehiqdf( ` ~`yqe`qcl`h j`gehu gekq`yefk jqmg ` hmfk

~mssdssdi àmid efym ` fd{ ydqqeymqu= Ef yld Cqd`yemf mj yld [mqhi( {ldqd yld Ideyu syqdyclds mty les `qgs(

`fi {eyl mfd l`fi c`hhs jmqyl yld stf `fi {eyl yld myldq yld gmmf( im {d fmy sdd ` kq`fidtq( {lecl( {eyl yld

seg~hdsy d|~qdssemf( `{òds ef ts yld gmsy stahegd eid`s= @fi ef yld @imq`yemf mj yld Kmhidf C`hj( lm{

cmthi ld adyydq l`zd qd~qdsdfydi yld eimh`yqmts cdqdgmfu( `fi eys id~`qytqd jqmg yqtd qdhekemf( yl`f au

id~ecyefk yld ~dm~hd `s c`qqedi `{ù au `f efs`fd bmu( `fi gì {eyl j`f`yecesg= Ef ~mefy mj dqtieyemf ey es

stjjecedfy ym fmyecd yld Yqetg~l mj I`zei( {lecl Y`b` idscqeads `fi cmg~`qds {eyl yld `fcedfy a`sseqdhedze(

`fi es efchefdi ym adhedzd yl`y yldqd es fmy `fu ylefk ef g`qahd yl`y d|cdhs yld `qy `fi soehh mj yles ~ecytqd& E `g

`{`qd yl`y mf `fmyldq mcc`semf ld l`s fmy addf d|dg~ydi jqmg ah`gd( `s {ldf ld qd~d`ydi yld jektqd mj S&

^dydq mty mj ~qesmf( {lecl ltqys yld tfeyu mj yld stabdcy? `fi ef `ssekfefk ym @~mhhm `fi ym yld gtsds




efsyqtgdfys fmy ~qm~dq ym `fyepteyu& Udy ey es yld khmqu mj Q`jj`dhhm ym l`zd efyqmitcdi efym les ~ecytqds

ftgadqhdss ceqctgsy`fcds tfofm{f ym les ~qdidcdssmqs( `fi ym l`zd hdjy heyyhd ym ad ìidi au les stccdssmqs&

Ef cmg~mseyemf `hsm ld es `y yld ldì mj les `qy& Ef dzdqu ~ecytqd yld ~qefce~`h jektqd es mazemts ym yld s~dcy`ymq?

{d l`zd fm mcc`semf ym efpteqd jmq ey? yld kqmt~s( iezeidi au seyt`yemf( `qd tfeydi ef yld ~qefce~`h `cyemf? yld

cmfyq`sy es fmy iecy`ydi au `jjdcy`yemf( aty au yqtyl `fi ~qm~qedyu? ` jektqd àsmqadi ef ylmtkly( mjydf sdqzds `s

` qdhedj ym `fmyldq yl`y `cys `fi s~dòs? yld g`ssds mj hekly `fi slìd `qd fmy `qaeyq`qehu ~mesdi( aty `qd ef yldgmsy sdhdcy egey`yemf mj f`ytqd? `hh es `qy( aty `hh es cmfstgg`yd soehh `fi cmfcd`hgdfy mj `qy& Yld Sclmmh mj

@yldfs( `s ey es c`hhdi( ef yld Z`yec`f( es ef yles qds~dcy `gmfksy yld gmsy {mfidqjth cmg~mseyemfs ef yld {mqhi&

Yldu {lm stccddidi Q`jj`dhhm( `fi jmhhm{di myldq ~qefce~hds( l`zd `jjmqidi gmqd ~hd`stqd ym yld dud( aty

l`zd fmy kezdf stcl s`yesj`cyemf ym yld gefi& Yld cmg~mseyemfs mj ^`th Zdqmfdsd cmfyèf ` kqd`ydq ftgadq mj

jektqds( `fi gmqd idcmq`yemf? H`fjq`fcm `fi yld g`clefesys efyqmitcdi ` ~m{dqjth djjdcy( `fi ` zekmqmts

cmfyq`sy mj hekly `fi slìd2 aty {lm {mthi d|cl`fkd jmq stcl ` g`ffdq yld cl`syd `fi iekfejedi syuhd mj

Q`jj`dhhm= ^mtssef `hmfd( ef yld m~efemf mj Gdfks( mayèfdi ` st~dqemq gmid mj cmg~mseyemf ef yld

kqmtfi{mqo( mq dcmfmgu mj les stabdcy? yl`y es ym sù( ef yld btiecemts sdhdcyemf mj yld scdfd mj yld dzdfy&

[d l`zd ylts cmfcesdhu sy`ydi yld ~dqjdcyemf ym {lecl Q`jj`dhhm c`qqedi les `qy( ef yld slmqy s~`cd `hhmyydi leg&

Yldqd es fmy ` {mqo ef f`ytqd mq `qy {ldqd ld l`s fmy ~q`cyec`hhu ehhtsyq`ydi les m{f `|emg( `s l`fidi im{f ym

ts au Jdidqekm Rtcc`qm( yl`y ylefks gtsy ad qd~qdsdfydi( fmy `s yldu `qd( aty `s yldu mtkly ym ad? yld cmtfyqu(

yld dhdgdfys( `feg`hs( atehiefks( dzdqu `kd mj g`f( dzdqu cmfieyemf mj hejd( dzdqu `jjdcyemf( `hh {`s dgaq`cdi

`fi qdfidqdi gmqd ad`tyejth au yld iezefd kdfets mj Q`jj`dhhm& @fi ej les hejd lì addf ~qmhmfkdi ym ` gmqd

ìz`fcdi ~dqemi( {eylmty dzdf `~~qm`clefk yld ydqg `hhm{di ym Yeye`f mq Gecldh`fkemhm( {lm sl`hh sù ym

{l`y ldekly mj ~dqjdcyemf ld gekly fmy l`zd c`qqedi les j`zmtqeyd `qy= [lm c`f iezefd les stccdss ef

`qcleydcytqd `fi scth~ytqd( ej ld lì `~~hedi legsdhj ym yld sytiu mj yldg? l`zefk sm {mfidqjthhu stccddidi ef

les jd{ `yydg~ys ef ylmsd aq`fclds mj `qy=

Mj les ~ecytqds ` cmfseidqàhd ftgadq `qd ym ad jmtfi ef ~qez`yd cmhhdcyemfs( ~`qyecth`qhu mf s`cqdi stabdcys(

stcl `s yld Gìmff` `fi Clehi( `fi myldq cmg~mseyemfs mj yld Lmhu J`gehu& Yldu `qd ef yld ylqdd syuhds

{lecl {d l`zd adjmqd idscqeadi2 yld Kq`fi Itod l`s smgd s~dcegdfs mj d`cl& Yld gmsy ìgeqdi es yl`y

{lecl es f`gdi yld Gìmff` idhh` Sdkkemh`&_41W Mj yles ch`ss mj ~ecytqds ey es mjydf imtaydi {ldyldq yldumtkly ym ad cmfseidqdi `s mqekef`hs( mq cm~eds( `s smgd mj yldg l`zd addf ylqdd( jezd( mq ydf yegds qd~d`ydi&

Yld s`gd gù ad sèi mj myldq càefdy ~ecytqds au leg( ~`qyecth`qhu yld S& Bmlf ef yld ids`qy( {lecl es ef yld

Kq`fi Itc`h k`hhdqu `y Jhmqdfcd( `fi es jmtfi qd~d`ydi ef g`fu cmhhdcyemfs amyl ef Ey`hu `fi ef myldq

cmtfyqeds& Yles {`s heodhu ym l`~~df ef ` sclmmh {ldqd yld gmsy cmggmf gmid {`s yld jmhhm{efk2''Yld

stabdcy {`s idsekfdi au Q`jj`dhhm( yld ~ecytqd ~qd~`qdi au Kethem( `fi jefesldi au yld g`sydq sm d|pteseydhu(

yl`y mfd gekly `hgmsy cmtfy yld lèqs mj yld ldì& [ldf yld ~ecytqds {dqd ylts jefesldi( yldu {dqd cm~edi au

yld sclmh`qs mj Q`jj`dhhm( {lm {dqd zdqu ftgdqmts( `fi mj yld sdcmfi `fi yleqi mqidq? `fi yldsd {dqd `hsm

smgdyegds qdymtcldi au Kethem `fi au Q`jj`dhhm legsdhj& Aty {lmdzdq es d|~dqedfcdi ef yld jqddimg `fi

idhec`cu mj yld cledj mj yles sclmmh( fddi fmy jd`q cmfjmtfiefk les ~qmitcyemfs {eyl ylmsd mj yld sclmh`qs( mq mj

Kethem legsdhj? {lm( adseids l`zefk ` gmqd yegei ~dfceh( gìd tsd mj ` i`qodq yefy yl`f les g`sydq {`s

`cctsymgdi ym im& E l`zd gdy {eyl `f d|~dqedfcdi ~dqsmf( {lm idch`qdi yl`y ld cmthi qdcmkferd yld cl`q`cydqmj Kethem ef yld i`qo ~`qys mj yld jhdsl yefys( `fi ef yld geiihd i`qo yefys( fmy mj ` hdìdf cmhmtq `s Q`jj`dhhm

tsdi( fmq sm {dhh l`qgmferdi? ef yld kqd`ydq pt`fyeyu mj hekly( `fi ef yld duds idsekfdi gmqd qmtfihu( {lecl

Q`jj`dhhm ~èfydi smgd{l`y hmfk( `jydq yld g`ffdq mj êdyqm&

Mf yles ~qm~eyemts cmggdfcdgdfy {`s jmtfidi yld sclmmh {lecl {d c`hh Qmg`f( q`yldq jqmg yld ceyu mj

Qmgd eysdhj( yl`f jqmg yld ~dm~hd( `s E l`zd adjmqd masdqzdi& Jmq `s yld eflàey`fys mj Qmgd `qd ` ge|ytqd mj

g`fu ymfktds( `fi g`fu iejjdqdfy f`yemfs( mj {lmg yld idscdfi`fys mj Qmgthts jmqg yld hd`sy ~qm~mqyemf? sm

yld sclmmh mj ~èfyefk l`s addf efcqd`sdi ef eys ftgadqs au jmqdekfdqs {lmg sld l`s qdcdezdi `fi tfeydi ym

ldq m{f( `fi {lm `qd cmfseidqdi ef ldq `cìdgu mj S& Htod( `s ej yldu lì addf amqf ef Qmgd( `fi dfbmudi

yld `fcedfy qeklys mj Qmg`fs& Ldfcd es idqezdi yld kqd`y z`qedyu mj f`gds yl`y {d jefi ef yld cmtqsd mj ey&

Smgd( `s C`q`z`kkem( idqezdi fm `ssesy`fcd jqmg yld sytiu mj yld `fcedfy g`qahds( `fi myldq èis ~dcthe`q ym




yld c`~ey`h? `fi yldsd gù ad sèi ym l`zd addf ef yld Qmg`f Sclmmh( aty fmy ym l`zd jmqgdi ` ~`qy mj ey&

Myldqs ìm~ydi yld ~qefce~hds mj yld iesce~hds mj Q`jj`dhhm( `fi yldeq tst`h gdylmi {`s ym sytiu iehekdfyhu amyl

Q`jj`dhhm `fi yld `fcedfy g`qahds? `fi jqmg yld egey`yemf mj leg( `fi gmqd ~`qyecth`qhu mj yld `fyeptd(

qdsthydi( ej E dqq fmy( yld kdfdq`h cl`q`cydq( ej E gù sm d|~qdss ey( mj yld Qmg`f Sclmmh2 yld umtfk `qyesys {lm

{dqd d|~dqy ef cm~uefk sy`ytds `fi a`sseqdhedze( `fi {lm lì ylmsd mabdcys `h{ùs adjmqd yldeq duds( cmthi

d`sehu yq`fsjdq yldeq jmqgs ym yld ~`fdh mq yld c`fz`s& Ldfcd yldeq syuhd es jmqgdi mf yld `fyeptd( `fi yldeq

ad`tyu es gmqd eid`h yl`f yl`y mj myldq sclmmhs& Yles ceqctgsy`fcd( {lecl {`s `f ìz`fy`kd ym ylmsd {lm ofd{lm{ ym tsd ey( adc`gd ` iesìz`fy`kd ym myldqs( hdìefk yldg ym kezd yldeq jektqds yld èq mj sy`ytds( ad`tyejth(

aty esmh`ydi( `fi fmy stjjecedfyhu `feg`ydi& Myldqs l`zd imfd yldgsdhzds kqd`ydq efbtqu jqmg cm~uefk yld

gmidqf sy`ytds mj sèfys? ` ~q`cyecd {lecl j`cehey`ydi yld qd~qdsdfy`yemf mj idzmty `yyeytids( yld ies~mseyemf mj

yld jmhis ef yld k`qgdfys mj yld gmfos `fi ~qedsys( `fi myldq ~dcthe`qeyeds {lecl `qd fmy jmtfi ef `fcedfy

scth~ytqd& Aty `s scth~ytqd l`s kqìt`hhu idydqemq`ydi( ey cmthi fmy l`zd `fu adfdjece`h efjhtdfcd mf yld sesydq

`qy? `fi ey l`s ldfcd hdi g`fu efym g`ffdqesg ef yld jmhis mj yldeq iq`~dqu( `jydq Adqfefm `fi @hk`qie?

d|cdhhdfy `qyesys( aty {lm mtkly fmy ym l`zd efjhtdfcdi yld `qy mj ~èfyefk( `s yldu iei( ef ` ceyu heod Qmgd& Yld

syuhd mj efzdfyemf ef yles sclmmh es( ef kdfdq`h( btiecemts( yld cmg~mseyemf cl`syd( yld cmsytgd c`qdjthhu

masdqzdi( {eyl ` gmidq`yd sytiu mj mqf`gdfy& E s~dò mj ~ecytqds ef meh( jmq yld jqdscms mj yles h`ydq ~dqemi

mtkly ym ad sd~`q`ydhu cmfseidqdi& Yld cmhmtqefk( mf yld {lmhd( es fmy yld gmsy aqehhe`fy( fmq es ey udy yld gmsy

jddahd? yldqd adefk `h{ùs ` st~~hu mj `qyesys jqmg yld Hmga`qis( mq Jhdgefks( {lm ~qdzdfydi ey adefk dfyeqdhu

fdkhdcydi&

[d gù fm{ qdytqf ym yld mqekef`h stabdcy mj mtq efptequ( d|`gefd yld ~qefce~hds mj yld Qmg`f Sclmmh( `fi

`yydfi ey ym eys h`ydsy d~mcl& Q`jj`dhhm `y `hh yegds dg~hmudi ` ftgadq mj sclmh`qs( cmfsy`fyhu efsyqtcyefk `fi

yd`clefk yldg? {ldfcd ld fdzdq {dfy ym cmtqy( `s {d `qd `sstqdi au Z`s`qe( {eylmty adefk `ccmg~`fedi au

~qmaàhu jejyu mj yld jeqsy `qyesys( {lm `yydfidi leg mty mj qds~dcy& Ld dg~hmudi dzdqu mfd ef yld {ù gmsy

`kqddàhd ym les y`hdfy& Smgd l`zefk qdcdezdi stjjecedfy efsyqtcyemf( qdytqfdi ym yldeq f`yezd cmtfyqu( myldqs

qdgèfdi {eyl leg `s hmfk `s ld hezdi( `fi `jydq les id`yl dsyàhesldi yldgsdhzds ef Qmgd( {ldqd yldu

adc`gd yld kdqgs mj yles fd{ sclmmh& @y yld ldì mj `hh {`s Kethem Qmg`fm( {lmg( {eyl Kem& Jq`fcdscm

^dffe( Q`jj`dhhm `~~mefydi les ldeq( {ldfcd yldu amyl tfeydi ef jefeslefk yld {mqos mf {lecl yldeq g`sydq {`s

dg~hmudi `y les id`yl& Yldu `ssmce`ydi ym yldgsdhzds `s `f `ssesy`fy ^dqefm idh Z`k`( `fi ym qdfidq yld

cmffd|emf ~dqg`fdfy( yldu k`zd leg ` sesydq mj ^dffe ym les {ejd& Ym yldsd ylqdd {dqd `hsm bmefdi smgd myldqs{lm lì {mqodi tfidq Q`jj`dhhm& Mf yldeq jeqsy dsyàheslgdfy yldu iei fmy gddy {eyl `fu kqd`y stccdss( jmq( `s

Z`s`qe efjmqgs ts( yld cledj ~h`cd ef `qy adefk au tfezdqs`h cmfsdfy `ssekfdi ym Jq` Sda`sye`fm( ylqmtkl yld

~`qye`heyu mj Gecldh`fkemhm( yld jmhhm{dqs mj Q`jj`dhhm {dqd od~y ef yld a`co kqmtfi& [d gù `hsm ìi( `s

`fmyldq c`tsd( yld id`yl mj Hdm \&( ef 0410( `fi yld dhdcyemf mj les stccdssmq( @iqe`f ZE&( ` idceidi dfdgu ym

yld jefd `qys( au {lmg yld ~tahec {mqos cmfydg~h`ydi( `fi `hqdìu cmggdfcdi au les ~qdidcdssmq( qdgèfdi

fdkhdcydi? `fi g`fu `qyesys( ef cmfsdptdfcd mj yld {`fy mj dg~hmugdfy( mcc`semfdi au yles dzdfy( `fi au yld

~h`ktd( ef 0413( {dqd qditcdi ym yld kqd`ydsy iesyqdss& Aty @iqe`f iuefk `jydq ` qdekf mj y{dfyu'ylqdd gmfyls(

`fi Kethem id+ Gdiece adefk dhdcydi ef les ~h`cd tfidq yld f`gd mj Chdgdfy ZEE&( yld `qys `kèf qdzezdi&

Q`jj`dhhm( adjmqd les id`yl( lì adktf ym ~èfy yld kqd`y s`hmmf( `fi lì idsekfdi smgd jektqds( `fi hdjy g`fu

sodyclds jmq yld cmg~hdyemf mj ey& Ey {`s efydfidi ym qd~qdsdfy jmtq lesymqec`h dzdfys( `hylmtkl yld stabdcys mj

smgd mj yldg `qd ies~tydi& Yldsd {dqd yld @~~`qeyemf mj yld Cqmss( mq yld l`q`fktd mj Cmfsy`fyefd? yld a`yyhd{ldqdef G`|dfyets es iqm{fdi( `fi Cmfsy`fyefd qdgèfs zecymq? yld A`~yesg mj Cmfsy`fyefd( qdcdezdi jqmg

yld l`fis mj S& Sehzdsydq? `fi yld Imf`yezd mj yld ceyu mj Qmgd( gìd ym yld s`gd ~mfyejj& Kethem jefesldi yld

y{m jeqsy stabdcys( `fi Kemz`ffe Jq`fcdscm yld myldq y{m( `fi yldu ìidi ym yldg a`sseqdhedze( ~èfydi ef

egey`yemf mj aqmfrd tfidq d`cl mj yld s`gd stabdcys( {eyl smgd ìieyemf`h jektqds& Yldu `jydq{`qis ~èfydi( mq

q`yldq jefesldi yld ~ecytqds mj yld zehh` `y Gmfyd G`qem( ` {mqo mqidqdi au yld C`qief`h Kethem id+ Gdiece( `fi

sts~dfidi tfyeh yld sdcmfi mq yleqi ud`q mj les ~`~`h qdekf& Yles zehh` {`s `jydq{`qis c`hhdi ie Gì`g`( `fi

yldqd syehh qdgèf g`fu yq`cds( `hylmtkl stjjdqefk jqmg yegd( mj yld gtfejecdfcd mj yl`y ~qefcd( `fi yld y`syd mj

yld sclmmh mj Q`jj`dhhm& Kethem gd`f{lehd( {eyl yld ~dqgessemf mj yld ~m~d( dsyàhesldi legsdhj ef G`fyt`( Eh

J`yymqd {dfy ym F`~hds? `fi smgd heyyhd yegd `jydq{`qis( ef 041;( ef cmfsdptdfcd mj yld s`coefk mj Qmgd( `fi

yld tfqdsyqèfdi hecdfcd mj yld efzìefk `qgu( Z`k`( ^mheimqm( Kemz`ffe i` Tiefd( ^dqtrre( `fi Zefcdfrem ie

S& Kegekf`fm hdjy Qmgd( `fi {eyl yldg ^`qgeke`fefm( {lm {`s `y yles yegd ef yld c`~ey`h( `fi ~`ssemf`ydhu




dg~hmudi ef sytiuefk yld {mqos mj Q`jj`dhhm& Yles ehhtsyqemts sclmmh {`s ylts sd~`q`ydi `fi ies~dqsdi mzdq

Ey`hu( `fi ldfcd ey l`~~dfdi yl`y yld fd{ syuhd {`s ptecohu ~qm~`k`ydi( `fi k`zd aeqyl ym yld jhmqei sclmmhs(

{lecl jmqg yld stabdcys mj mtq myldq ammos& @hylmtkl smgd mj yld sclmh`qs mj Q`jj`dhhm gekly qdytqf ym Qmgd(

udy yld aqehhe`fy d~mcl {`s ~`sy& Yld idchefd adc`gd `~~`qdfy smmf `jydq yld s`coefk mj yld ceyu( `fi jqmg yld

yegd mj yl`y dzdfy( yld `qy ièhu idkdfdq`ydi ef yld c`~ey`h( `fi thyeg`ydhu ydqgef`ydi ef g`ffdqesg& Aty mj yles

ef eys ~qm~dq ~h`cd& @y ~qdsdfy( `jydq yles kdfdq`h fmyecd mj yld sclmmh mj Q`jj`dhhm( {d sl`hh yqd`y mj d`cl

~`qyecth`q sclmh`q `fi mj les `ssesy`fys&

Kethem ê~~e( mq Kethem Qmg`fm( yld gmsy iesyefktesldi ~t~eh mj Q`jj`dhhm( qdsdgahdi les g`sydq gmqd ef

dfdqku yl`f ef idhec`cu mj syuhd( `fi {`s ~`qyecth`qhu stccdssjth ef stabdcys mj {`q `fi a`yyhds( {lecl ld

qd~qdsdfydi {eyl dpt`h s~eqey `fi cmqqdcyfdss& Ef les fmahd syuhd mj idsekf ld dgth`yds Gecldh`fkemhm(

cmgg`fis yld {lmhd gdcl`fesg mj yld ltg`f amiu( `fi {eyl ` g`sydqhu l`fi qdfidqs ey stasdqzedfy ym `hh les

{eslds& Les mfhu j`thy es( yl`y les idgmfsyq`yemfs mj gmyemf `qd smgdyegds ymm zemhdfy& Z`s`qe ~qdjdqqdi les

iq`{efks ym les ~ecytqds( `s ld ylmtkly yl`y yld jeqd mj les mqekef`h cmfcd~yemf {`s `~y ym dz`~mq`yd( ef smgd

idkqdd( ef yld jefeslefk& Smgd l`zd mabdcydi ym yld spt`qdfdss mj les ~lusemkfmgeds( `fi l`zd cmg~hèfdi mj

les geiihd yefys adefk ymm i`qo& Aty Feccmhm ^mtssef ìgeqdi yles `s~dqeyu mj cmhmtq ef les a`yyhd mj

Cmfsy`fyefd( `s steyàhd ym yld cl`q`cydq mj yld stabdcy& Ef yld ~ecytqd mj yld cltqcl idhh+@feg`( {lecl es `

Gìmff`( `ccmg~`fedi au Sèfys( `fi ef myldqs mj yl`y idscqe~yemf( ey imds fmy ~qmitcd sm kmmi `f djjdcy& Les

càefdy ~ecytqds `qd q`qd( `fi smgdyegds ymm jqdd ef yldeq stabdcys& Ld kdfdq`hhu ~èfydi ef jqdscm( `fi les z`sy

{mqos `y G`fyt` ~h`cd leg `y yld ldì mj yl`y sclmmh( {lecl efiddi zdfdq`yds leg `s eys jmtfidq&

Ke`fjq`fcdscm ^dffe mj Jhmqdfcd( c`hhdi Eh J`yymqd( {lm {ldf ` amu {`s ` sdqz`fy ef yld sytiem mj Q`jj`dhhm(

adc`gd mfd mj les ~qefce~`h sclmh`qs( `fi `ssesydi leg gmqd yl`f `fu myldq ef yld c`qymmfs mj yld y`~dsyqeds2 ld

~èfydi ef yld k`hhdqu mj yld Z`yec`f yld Lesymqeds mj @aq`l`g `fi Es``c( fmyecdi au Y`b`& @gmfk myldq {mqos

hdjy efcmg~hdyd au les g`sydq( `fi {lecl ld jefesldi( es yld @sstg~yemf mj Gmfyd Htce ef ^dqtke`( yld hm{dq

~`qy mj {lecl( {eyl yld `~msyhds( es ~èfydi au Kethem( `fi yld t~~dq ~`qy( {lecl àmtfis {eyl Q`jj`dhhdsptd

kq`cd( es `scqeadi ym Eh J`yymqd( `hylmtkl Z`s`qe `ssekfs ey ym ^dqefm& Mj yld {mqos {lecl ld ~dqjmqgdi `hmfd(

les jqdscms ef Qmgd l`zd ~dqesldi( `fi sm jd{ mj les meh ~ecytqds qdgèf( yl`y yldu `qd q`qdhu ym ad jmtfi ef

`fu cmhhdcyemf& Ld es cl`q`cydqesdi au jdqyeheyu mj cmfcd~yemf( kq`cd mj d|dctyemf( `fi ` sefkth`q y`hdfy jmq

h`fisc`~d& Ld {`s bmefy ldeq mj Q`jj`dhhm {eyl Kethem( `fi {esldi ym tfeyd legsdhj {eyl leg ef les ~qmjdssemf?aty adefk cmhihu qdcdezdi au Kethem ef G`fyt`( ld ~qmcddidi ym F`~hds( {ldqd ld( `s {d sl`hh sdd( cmfyqeatydi

kqd`yhu ym yld eg~qmzdgdfy mj `qy( `hylmtkl cty mjj au `f d`qhu id`yl& Mqh`fie fmyecds y{m ^dffe ef yld sclmmh

mj Q`jj`dhhm( cmg~qdldfiefk Htc`( ` aqmyldq mj Ke`fjq`fcdscm( ` ceqctgsy`fcd fmy eg~qmaàhd( `fi fmy( `s j`q

`s E ofm{( cmfyqìecydi au lesymqu& [d `qd `hsm ymhi au Z`s`qe( yl`y Htc` tfeydi legsdhj ym ^dqefm idh Z`k`(

`fi {mqodi {eyl leg `y Htcc`( `fi ef myldq ~h`cds mj Ey`hu? yl`y ld jmhhm{di Qmssm efym Jq`fcd( `s {d l`zd

adjmqd masdqzdi? `fi yl`y ld thyeg`ydhu ~`ssdi efym Dfkh`fi( {ldqd ld ~èfydi jmq yld oefk `fi ~qez`yd

~dqsmfs( `fi gìd idsekfs jmq ~qefys&

^dqefm idh Z`k`( {lmsd yqtd f`gd {`s êdqefm Atmf`ccmqse( {`s ` qdh`yemf `fi jdhhm{ ceyerdf mj ^dffe& Ld

lì ` sl`qd ef yld {mqos mj yld Z`yec`f( {ldqd ld `y mfd yegd {mqodi sytccms `fi `qàdsptds {eyl Kemz`ffe

i` Tiefd( `y `fmyldq yegd ~èfydi cle`qmsctqe {eyl ^mheimqm( mq jefesldi stabdcys jqmg yld sodyclds `fi `jydqyld syuhd mj Q`jj`dhhm& Z`s`qe cmfseidqdi leg yld adsy idsekfdq mj yld Jhmqdfyefd Sclmmh( `jydq Gecldh`fkemhm(

`fi `y yld ldì mj `hh ylmsd {lm `ssesydi Q`jj`dhhm& Ey es cdqyèf( `y hd`sy( yl`y fm mfd cmthi( heod leg( cmg~dyd

{eyl Kethem( ef yl`y tfezdqs`heyu mj y`hdfy sm cmfs~ectmts ef Q`jj`dhhm? `fi yld stabdcys jqmg yld Fd{

Ydsy`gdfy( {lecl ld ~èfydi ef yld ~`~`h k`hhdqu( {dqd ~qèsdi au Y`b` àmzd `hh myldqs& Ef les syuhd yldqd es `

kqd`y ge|ytqd mj yld Jhmqdfyefd( `s gù ad sddf `y Qmgd( ef yld Aeqyl mj Dzd( ef yld cltqcl mj S& G`qcdhhm(

{ldqd yldqd `qd smgd clehiqdf ~èfydi ym yld hejd( ` gmsy jefesldi ~dqjmqg`fcd& @ cmfzdfy `y Yezmhe ~mssdssds

` S& Bmlf ef yld ids`qy( au leg( {eyl ` h`fisc`~d ef yld adsy syuhd& Yldqd `qd g`fu {mqos au leg ef Htcc`( `fi

ês`( aty gmqd ~`qyecth`qhu ef Kdfm`( {ldqd {d sl`hh l`zd mcc`semf `kèf ym cmfseidq leg `s yld mqekef mj `

cdhdaq`ydi sclmmh&

Kemz`ffe i` Tiefd( au ` {qeydq mj Tiefd c`hhdi Kemz`ffe ie Jq`fcdscm Qec`g`ymqd( ,Amfe( ~& 14(% heod{esd




`ssesydi S`frem ef `qàdsptds `fi sytccms( `fi ~èfydi mqf`gdfys ef yld k`hhdqu mj yld Z`yec`f( ef yld

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{lmg ld {`s efzeydi ym Sdzehhd( {ldqd ld qdseidi ` cmfseidqàhd yegd( ~èfyefk `fi efsyqtcyefk ~t~ehs( `gmfk

{lmg es qdcomfdi Gmq`hds( {lm( jqmg les cmtfyqugdf( lì yld `~~dhh`yemf mj yld iezefd& Ld {`s `cctsymgdi

ym ~èfy sg`hh ~ecytqds( {lecl {dqd d`kdqhu smtkly `jydq au yld Dfkhesl( `fi yq`fsjdqqdi ym yldeq cmtfyqu( {ldqd

yldu `qd leklhu ~qerdi& Mj les `hy`q~edcds( sdzdq`h qdgèf ef Sdzehhd( `fi {d gù gdfyemf yld ^tqejec`yemf( efyld C`yldiq`h( `fi yld Id~mseyemf `y S& Cqmcd( `s yld gmsy dsyddgdi& Gtqehhm( {lm {`s legsdhj ` yqthu fmahd

`qyesy( kqd`yhu ìgeqdi `fi sytiedi yles h`yydq ~ecytqd( {lecl( dzdf `jydq {d l`zd sddf yld g`sydq~edcds mj yld

Ey`he`f Sclmmh( syehh d|ceyds mtq `symfeslgdfy `fi ìgeq`yemf& Yles `qyesy( ym smgd mfd( {lm( ef les h`yydq ud`qs(

efpteqdi {lu ld sm mjydf qd~èqdi ym yles ~ecytqd( qd~hedi( yl`y ld {èydi yld gmgdfy {ldf yld amiu mj Clqesy

slmthi qd`cl yld kqmtfi& Gdfyemf es `hsm gìd mj mfd Gmsc`( {ldyldq ` f`yezd mq jmqdekfdq E ofm{ fmy( `s `

imtayjth iesce~hd mj yles sclmmh& Clqesy mf les {ù ym Gmtfy C`hz`qu( fm{ ef yld @cìdgu ef G`fyt`( es

cdqyèfhu ` Q`jj`dhhdsptd ~ecytqd( aty {d gù q`yldq cmfseidq Gmsc` `f egey`ymq `fi cm~uesy( yl`f ` ~t~eh mj

Q`jj`dhhm& Ef yld dieyemf mj ^`hmgefm( ~tahesldi ef Hmfimf( 0;91( E jefi smgd myldqs fmyecdi `s sclmh`qs mj

Q`jj`dhhm( {lm adefk amqf ` heyyhd adjmqd mq `jydq 041>( cmthi fmy ~msseahu adhmfk ym leg? `s K`s~`qd A`cdqq`(

yld `ssesy`fy mj Z`s`qe? @hjmfsm S`fcldr( mj ^mqytk`h? Kemz`ffe ie Z`hdfce`? Jdqf`fim B`ffds& Ey es fmy

tftst`h ym jefi segeh`q efsy`fcds ef yld lesymqu mj ~èfyefk( `fi yld qd~mqys l`zd jmq yld gmsy ~`qy mqekef`ydi ef




yld h`sy `kd& [ldfdzdq yld `qyesys mj ` cmtfyqu adk`f ym cmhhdcy fmyecds mj yld g`sydqs {lm lì ~qdcdidi yldg(

yldeq syuhd lì adcmgd yld ~qdzèhefk y`syd? `fi `s ej ltg`f kdfets cmthi `yyèf fm eg~qmzdgdfy adumfi yl`y

{lecl ey qdcdezds stasdqzedfyhu jqmg `fmyldq( dzdqu egey`ymq {`s st~~msdi ym ad ` sclmh`q mj yld `qyesy

egey`ydi( `fi dzdqu sclmmh( `qqmk`yefk ym eysdhj yld f`gds mj yld jeqsy g`sydqs( dfid`zmtqdi ym hmì eysdhj {eyl

jqdsl lmfmtqs&

_Jmmyfmyd 1:2 Lesy& Qmg& zmh& e& ì c`hcdg&W

_Jmmyfmyd 1;2 Adseids les hejd au Z`s`qe( `fmyldq {`s ~tahesldi au Sek& @a`yd Cmgmhhe( {lecl E cmfseidq

~msydqemq ym yl`y mj Z`s`qe& Gdgmeqs mj leg {dqd `hsm cmhhdcydi au ê`cdfr`( Amyy`qe( `fi myldq `tylmqs {lmg

E sl`hh fmyecd? `fi E sl`hh `hsm `zèh gusdhj mj yld efjmqg`yemf idqezdi jqmg yld efs~dcyemf mj les ~ecytqds( `fi

yldeq cl`q`cydq( `fi yld z`qemts i`yds mj les {mqos&W

_Jmmyfmyd 1<2 [d jefi les f`gd {qeyydf Em& S`fcyes ef yld Ftfre`y` mj Sefek`khe`? `fi ey `~~d`qs yl`y ld {`s

amqf mj ` j`yldq c`hhdi( `ccmqiefk ym yld d|~qdssemf mj yl`y `kd( S`fye mq S`fyd? ` f`gd ef cmggmf tsd ef g`fu

~`qys mj Ey`hu& Ef st~~mqy mj yld stqf`gd mj S`frem( Amyy`qe ~qmitcds ` ~mqyqèy mj @fymfem S`frem( {lecl d|esys

ef yld ^`h`rrm @ha`fe( qd~qdsdfyefk leg lmhiefk ef les l`fis ` imctgdfy( {eyl yld yeyhd mj Kdfd`hmke`

Q`~l`dhes S`fcyee Tqaef`yes& Bthets S`fcyets es yldqd f`gdi `s yld ldì mj yld j`gehu( j`geheê ptê ìltc

Tqaefe ehhtsyqes d|y`y( à `kqes iezeidfies cmkfmgdf eg~mstey ( `fi {`s yld ~qmkdfeymq mj @fymfem& Jqmg yld

h`yydq( `fi ylqmtkl ` Sda`sye`fm( `fi `jydq{`qis ylqmtkl ` Kem& A`yesy`( idscdfis Kemz`ffe( d| ptm mqyts dsy

Q`~l`dh pte ~ef|ey `& 0405& Ey es `hsm qdcmqidi yl`y Sda`sye`fm lì ` aqmyldq( K`hd`rrm( dkqdketg ~ecymqdg(

`fi yld j`yldq mj ylqdd ~èfydqs( @fymfem( Zefcdfrem( `fi Kethem( c`hhdi g`|egts ~ecymq & Ylts ef yles aq`fcl mj

yld S`free `qd dftgdq`ydi jmtq ~èfydqs( mj {lmg E im fmy jefi `fu gdgmqe`h ef Tqaefm& Yld j`gehu `hsm

am`sys mj ` C`fmf ef iezefeyu( `fi ` iesyefktesldi c`~yèf mj efj`fyqu& Yld `fmfugmts {qeydq mj Cmgmhhe

cmfjeqgs yles ehhtsyqemts mqekef mj Q`jj`dhhm? aty ey es leklhu ~qmaàhd( yl`y ef yl`y `kd( {ldf yld jmqkdqu mj

kdfd`hmkeds( `s Yeqàmscle masdqzds( {`s ` cmggmf ~q`cyecd( ld gù l`zd ìm~ydi ey {eylmty `fu

d|`gef`yemf& Yld ~mqyqèy mj @fymfem es {dhh d|dctydi( aty ey l`s addf sèi yl`y ey {mthi l`zd addf gtcl gmqd

sm( ej Q`jj`dhhm lì ~èfydi ey ` ud`q adjmqd les id`yl( `ccmqiefk ym yld efscqe~yemf& Ej cmffmessdtqs ,{lm `hmfd

mtkly ym idceid yles ~mefy% slmthi ad mj yles m~efemf( ey gù ad sts~dcydi yl`y yld ~dqsmf yl`y cmtfydqjdeydi yld

l`fi mj yld `qyesy( gekly `hsm stasyeytyd yld {qeyefk? mq {d gù `y hd`sy cmfchtid( yl`y yld dyugmhmku mj S`fremslmthi ad smtkly jmq ef yld {mqi S`fcyes( yld f`gd mj yld kq`fij`yldq mj Q`jj`dhhm( fmy ef s`fceqd( ,ym iezeid

jedhis mq ~qm~dqyu%& Ef ymg& |||e& mj yld @fy& êcdfd( ` {ehh es ~qmitcdi mj Sdq Segmfd ie @fymfem( ef 09;;(

{ldqd ` G`kesydq A`~yesy`( pt& ^dqe S`fcyes id ^dqes( {lm es c`hhdi êyymq ie kqeim d ie dccdhhdfr`( hd`zds les

smf Ymgg`sm les ldeq( ym {lmg es stasyeytydi ` smf mj @fymfem les aqmyldq( mj yld f`gd mj Jq`fcdscm& E gù

qdg`qo( yl`y ef yles A`yesy` ie êdq S`fyd id+ êdqe( {d gù jefi yld stqf`gd mj ` j`gehu iejjdqdfy jqmg yl`y mj

S`fre`& Aty mf yles stabdcy E lm~d {d sl`hh slmqyhu ad j`zmtqdi {eyl gmqd cdqyèf efjmqg`yemf au yld Sek&

@qce~qdyd H`rr`qe( {lm l`s mahekdi gd {eyl g`fu z`htàhd cmfyqeatyemfs ym yld ~qdsdfy dieyemf mj yles {mqo&W

_Jmmyfmyd 152 Cmfieze( ef les Hejd mj Amf`qqtmye( ,ftg& :;&% `sstqds ts yl`y Gecl`dh`fkdhm {`s fmy mj `

bd`hmts ydg~dq( aty s~mod {dhh mj `hh `qyesys( fmy d|cd~yefk Q`jj`dhhm ie Tqaefm( ady{ddf {lmg `fi legsdhj

yldqd d|esydi( `s E l`zd gdfyemfdi( `f dgth`yemf ef ~èfyefk? `fi yld tygmsy yl`y ld sèi {`s( yl`y Q`jj`dhhmiei fmy efldqey les d|cdhhdfcds jqmg f`ytqd( aty mayèfdi yldg ylqmtkl sytiu `fi `~~hec`yemf&W

_Jmmyfmyd 3>2 Sdd yld ^qdj`cd ym yld Hejd mj Q`jj`dhhm( au Z`s`qe( dier& Sdfdsd( ~& 11<( {ldqd yld {ehh es

ptmydi&W

_Jmmyfmyd 302 Z`s`qe sy`yds( yl`y yl`y dzdfy mcctqqdi deyldq {lehsy Gecl`dh`fkdhm {`s dg~hmudi t~mf yld

Sy`ytds ef S& êdyqm ef Zefcmhe( mq {lehsy ld {`s ~èfyefk yld z`thy mj yld Sesyefd Cl`~dh( yl`y es( smgd ud`qs

`jydq{`qis( {ldf Q`jj`dhhm {`s ef Qmgd& Ym yles sdcmfi m~efemf( {lecl es yld gmsy cmggmf mfd( E jmqgdqhu

`ssdfydi? aty sefcd( mf ~dqts`h mj ` Aqedj mj Bthets EE& ,Hdyy& êyymqecld( ymg& eee& ~& 31>% ef {lecl yl`y ^m~d

efzeyds Gecl`dh`fkdhm a`co ym Qmgd( `fi ~qmgesds yl`y ehhêsts( efzemh`ytsptd dqey ( E `g efchefdi ym adhedzd

yl`y yld C`qymmf {`s jefesldi ef 04>:( {lecl es yld i`yd mj yld aqedj? sm yl`y Q`jj`dhhm( ej ld cmthi fmy sdd ey mf




les jeqsy zesey ym Jhmqdfcd( gekly `y hd`sy l`zd imfd sm mf les sdcmfi mq yleqi&W

_Jmmyfmyd 312 Sdd Z`s`qe( di& Sdf& ymg& z& ~& 13<( {ldqd {d jefi yld Hdyydq {qeyydf jqmg leg ym mfd mj les

tfchds( {eyl `hh yld ~qmzefce`hesgs cmggmf ym yld eflàey`fys mj Tqaefm `fi eys fdeklamtqlmmi&W

_Jmmyfmyd 332 G`hz`se`( Jdhsef` êyyqecd( ymg& e& ~& 94& Yldqd `qd smgd j`cys( lm{dzdq( ef m~~mseyemf ym yles

hdyydq( `fi {lecl sddg ym ~qmzd yl`y Q`jj`dhhm iei fmy km ym Qmgd tfyeh 040>& Aty yld Sek& @a`yd Jq`fcdscmfees fm{ dg~hmudi ef qdcyejuefk yld clqmfmhmku mj yld Hejd `fi [mqos mj S`frem? `fi jqmg les cqeyec`h s`k`ceyu

{d gù d|~dcy yld smhtyemf mj yles iejjecthyu&W

_Jmmyfmyd 392 Sdd Hd @kketfyd `h Z`s`qe& Di& Sdfdsd( ~& 113&W

_Jmmyfmyd 342 @ smffdy au leg es qdjdqqdi ym au Sek& ê`cdfr`( ef les fmyds ym A`hieftcce( ymg& |e& ~& 3;0&W

_Jmmyfmyd 3:2 Ef cmg~he`fcd {eyl yld {eslds mj Hdm \& ld gìd iq`{efks mj yld atehiefks mj @fcedfy Qmgd(

`fi `ccmg~`fedi yldg {eyl idscqe~yemfs( dg~hmuefk yld cmg~`ss ym `scdqyèf yldeq ìgd`stqdgdfy& [d m{d

yles efjmqg`yemf ym Sek& @a`yd Jq`fcdscmfe( {lm l`s qdsymqdi ym S`frem ` hdyydq( jmqgdqhu `yyqeatydi ym

C`syekhemfd& Ey es ` smqy mj idiec`yemf mj yld {mqo ym Hdm \&? aty yld {mqo eysdhj `fi yld iq`{efks `qd hmsy? `fi

g`fu mj yld diejecds gd`stqdi au Q`jj`dhhm {dqd idsyqmudi ef yld jmhhm{efk ^mfyejec`yds& Yld @a`yd Gmqdhhe

l`s gìd ~tahec ` lekl dthmketg mf yles {mqo( au ` cmfydg~mq`qu ~df( ef yld fmyds ym yld Fmyere`( ~`kd 10>& Ey

es {qeyydf au mfd G`qc`fymfem Gecledh( {lm `ssdqys( yl`y Q`jj`dhhm lì iq`{f yld `fcedfy atehiefks mj Qmgd

ef stcl ` g`ffdq( `fi sld{f yldeq ~qm~mqyemfs( jmqgs( `fi mqf`gdfys sm cmqqdcyhu( yl`y {lmdzdq lì efs~dcydi

yldg gekly ad sèi ym l`zd sddf @fcedfy Qmgd&W

_Jmmyfmyd 3;2 Ef ` aqedj mj Hdm \& 0409( gdfyemfdi au Sek& ê`cdfr`( ymg& ee& ~& 310&W

_Jmmyfmyd 3<2

Cês`qes ef fmgdf itctfytq c`qgef`2 Cês`q Itg c`feytq( ptêsm( Bt~eydq e~sd z`cds& ^qm~& hea& ez& Dhdk& ze&W

_Jmmyfmyd 352 Zmh& ee& ~& 313 dy sdp&W

_Jmmyfmyd 9>2 Sdd yld jeqsy hdyydq mj Cqds~e( Hdyydqd êyymqecld( ymg& ee& ~& 33<&W

_Jmmyfmyd 902 Gdfks l`s masdqzdi( yl`y Q`jj`dhhm iehekdfyhu sytiedi yld a`sseqdhedze mj yld `qclds mj Yeyts `fi

Cmfsy`fyefd( {lecl {dqd mf yld `qcl mj Yq`b`f( `fi ìm~ydi jqmg yldg les g`ffdq mj g`qoefk yld

`qyecth`yemfs mj yld bmefys( `fi ` gmqd seg~hd `fi `f d`sedq gmid mj d|~qdssefk yld cmfymtq mj yld jhdslu ~`qys&

Qejhdssemfe sm~q` e yqd kq`f êyymqe( *c& c`~& 0&W

_Jmmyfmyd 912 Qejhdssemfe st h` adhhdrr` d sth ktsym idhh` êyytq`( ~`qyd eee& c`~& 0( `fi sdd yld Mssdqz`remfe mj

yld C`z& @r`q` mf yl`y yq`cy( «& |ee&W

_Jmmyfmyd 932 @ imtay l`s `qesdf mf yld d|`cy yegd ef {lecl ld ~èfydi yld ^qm~ldy `fi yld Suaehs( `fi jqmg

yld kq`fidtq mj yldeq syuhd imtays l`zd addf ylqm{f mf Z`s`qe+s `ccmtfy( yl`y yldu {dqd ~èfydi `fydqemq ym

0400& Aty ` ~èfydq {lm es yld g`sydq mj les `qy( dhdz`yds mq hm{dqs les syuhd `ccmqiefk ym les stabdcy& Yld

Suaehs `qd ef Q`jj`dhhm+s kq`fidsy syuhd? `fi yl`y yldu `qd `gmfksy les d`qhedsy {mqos( es ~qmzdi jqmg les l`zefk

lì Yegmydm idhh` Zeyd( `s les `ssesy`fy ef yldg&W

_Jmmyfmyd 992 Hdyy& êyymq& ymg& z& ~& 030&W

_Jmmyfmyd 942 Cmggdfcefk `y ~& 035&W




_Jmmyfmyd 9:2 E im fmy jefi yl`y `fu gdfyemf l`s addf gìd mj les ~ecytqd ef yld ~mssdssemf mj yld Mhezedqe

j`gehu `y ^ds`qm( mq mj yld mfd ef yld A`sehec` ie Hmqdym ef yld Yqd`stqu( {lecl sddgs ym ad yld s`gd {lecl

{`s jmqgdqhu ef yld cltqcl mj yld Gìmff` idh ^m~mhm( mq ` cm~u mj ey& E l`zd sddf ` segeh`q stabdcy ef yld

H`tqdy`f`( adhmfkefk ym yld Sekfmqe êqqe( ef Qmgd& @y S`ssmjdqq`ym `hsm( mf yld kqd`y `hy`q mj yld cltqcl mj yld

C`~tcefs( yldqd es ` Zeqkef `fi clehi( sèi ym ad au leg? aty ey es gmqd ~qmaàhu au Jq` Adqf`qim C`ydh`fe&

Yldqd d|esy dfkq`zefks mj yld y{m jeqsy( aty E l`zd fmy sddf `fu mj yld h`sy&W

_Jmmyfmyd 9;2 Qejhdssemfe sm~q` e yqd kq`f êyymqe( *c&( c`~& e& « 1&W

_Jmmyfmyd 9<2 Hm iecm cmf ptdsy` cmfieremfd cld Z& S& se yqmz`ssd gdcm ` j`q h` scdhy` idh gdkhem2 g` dssdfim

c`qdsye` d ie atmfe ketiece d ie adhhd imffd( ge sdqzm ie tf` cdqy` eid` cld ge zedfd ef gdfyd& Hdyy& êyymq& ymg&

e& ~& <9&W

_Jmmyfmyd 952 ^hef& Lesy& F`ytq& hea& |||z& c`~& 0>& Ptefyeh& Efsyey& Mq`y& |ee& 0>&W

_Jmmyfmyd 4>2 ^mqyqèys mj Q`jj`dhhm `qd ym ad jmtfi ef yld Itmgm( `fi ef yld S`cqesyu mj Sedf`( ef gmqd yl`f

mfd ~ecytqd? aty ey es imtayjth {ldyldq au les m{f l`fi mq yl`y mj êfytqecclem& Yl`y {lecl es gdfyemfdi ef yld

Ktei` ie ^dqtke`( `s adefk ef ` ~ecytqd mj yld Qdstqqdcyemf `y yld Cmfzdfyt`hs( es sèi ym ad au êdyqm ^dqtkefm2

`fi ef yld Amqkldsd k`hhdqu ef Qmgd( yldqd es mfd( st~~msdi ym ad au yld l`fi mj Yegmydm idhh` Zeyd& Yld

~mqyqèy ef yld k`hhdqu ef Jhmqdfcd( au I` Zefce( ad`qs smgd qdsdgah`fcd ym Q`jj`dhhm( aty ey es fmy ld& @fmyldq

{lecl E l`zd sddf ef Amhmkf`( mtkly( ~dql`~s( ym ad `scqeadi ym Kethem Qmg`fm& Mfd mj yld gmsy `tyldfyec

~mqyqèys mj Q`jj`dhhm( au les m{f l`fi( fd|y ym yld mfd ef yld ~ecytqd mj S& Htod( es yl`y ef yld Gdiece

Cmhhdcyemf ef yld Sy`fr` id+ êyymqe( ylmtkl yles es fmy ef les adsy g`ffdq&W

_Jmmyfmyd 402 Eiåd id ^defyqd ~`qjèy( cl`~& |e|&W

_Jmmyfmyd 412 Dfkq`zdi au Gmqkldf& Yld ylqdd jektqds( yld Gìmff`( yld Efj`fy( `fi Sy& Bmlf( `~~d`q `hgmsy

`hezd& Ey slmthi sddg yl`y Q`jj`dhhm gìd sdzdq`h sytieds jmq yles ~ecytqd( `fi ld ~èfydi mfd {eylmty yld Sy&

Bmlf( {lecl qdgèfdi jmq smgd yegd ef Tqaefm& E s`{ ` cm~u ef yld ~mssdssemf mj yld C`h`gefe j`gehu( `y

Qdc`f`ye( {lecl {`s sèi ym ad au A`qmccem( `fi `y `hh dzdfys adhmfkefk ym les sclmmh& E l`zd sddf yld s`gdstabdcy ef yld C`s` Mhezedqe( `y ^ds`qm( `fi `y Cmqymf`( ef yld ~mssdssemf mj `fmyldq fmahd j`gehu( ym {lmg ey

lì ~`ssdi au efldqey`fcd jqmg Tqaefm( `fi {`s cmfseidqdi ym ad au Q`jj`dhhm& Yld j`cds ef yldsd `qd fmy sm

ad`tyejth( fmq yld cmhmtqs sm jefd? yldu `qd qmtfi( `fi ef ` h`qkdq ceqchd( {eyl smgd z`qe`yemfs2 E l`zd `hsm sddf

` cm~u ef yld S`cqesyu mj S& Hteke id+ Jq`frdse( ef Qmgd( `fi ef yld ^`h`rrm Ketsyefe`fe&W

_Jmmyfmyd 432 Gmqym i` Jdhyqm smyym @hdss`fiqm ZE&( cmgefceñ ` ie~efkdqd ` kqmyydscm( g` sdfr` sytccle&

A`khemfd( Zeyd( ~& 10&W

_Jmmyfmyd 492 Yld dfyq`fcd efym yldsd a`yls {`s idsekfdihu `fi g`hecemtshu chmsdi& Sdqhem( ef s~dòefk mj yld

z`qemts `qàdsptds ef ^mrrtmhm( A`b`( `fi Qmgd( sùs yl`y yldu {dqd efbtqdi mq idsyqmudi au yld `qyesys {lm

lì cm~edi yldg( ylqmtkl ` bd`hmts jddhefk hdsy myldqs slmthi `hsm `zèh yldgsdhzds mj yld m~~mqytfeyu mj sytiuefk yldg( ,hea& ez& c& 00%& Yld f`gds mj yldsd idsyqmudqs( {lecl Sdqhem l`s st~~qdssdi( ~msydqeyu l`s addf

idseqmts mj qdcmzdqefk( `fi smgd l`zd `cctsdi Q`jj`dhhm( myldqs êfytqecclem( `fi myldqs Z`k`( mq Kemz`ffe

i` Tiefd( mq q`yldq les sclmh`qs `fi `ssesy`fys( mj {lmg( sùs Z`s`qe( yldqd {dqd `f efjefeyd ftgadq ef

dzdqu ~`qy mj Ey`hu& Yles stabdcy es àhu iesctssdi au G`qemyye( ef Hdyydq` e|& ~& 119( `fi ef yld Gdgmqed idhhd

adhhd @qye( ~dq h+`ffm 0;<<( ~& 19&W

_Jmmyfmyd 442 Ey {`s cl`qkdi mf yld mjjecd mj yld êmgam( mq ~`~`h sekfdy( {ldf Sda`sye`fm i` Zdfdre` {`s

efzdsydi {eyl ey( `fi {`s ` ~dfsemf mj ylqdd ltfiqdi sctie& ^ìqd Jdidqece masdqzds yl`y yld mfd {`s

idsekf`ydi Jq` Sda`sye`fm( aty yl`y yld myldq {`s fmy c`hhdi Jq` Kemz`ffe? fmq es yles qdg`qoàhd( jmq ` Aeslm~

es c`hhdi Gmfsekfmqd( aty yld ~dqsmf {lm dfbmus ` ~dfsemf cl`qkdi t~mf ` Aeslm~qeco l`s fmy yld s`gd yeyhd& Ey

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sekfdy( `fi yl`y ld qdyèfdi yld Jq` ef cmfsdptdfcd mj les jmqgdq seyt`yemf&W

QMG@F SCLMMH&

D^MCL EEE&

Yld `qy idchefds ef cmfsdptdfcd mj yld ~tahec c`h`geyeds mj Qmgd( `fi kqìt`hhu j`hhs efym g`ffdqesg&

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les sclmmh d|cd~y H`tqdye&_4;W Kethem Qmg`fm {`s fm{ efzeydi a`co ym Qmgd( `fi yld st~dqefydfidfcd mj yld

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cmqqds~mfidi {eyl yld stahegeyu mj les gefi& Aty ld iei fmy efldqey yld i`qefk kdfets mj les g`sydq& Ld

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fmy ~èfy legsdhj( aty tfidqyòefk {mqos mj gmqd mq hdss cmfsdptdfcd( ld `hhm{di les sclmh`qs ym d|dctyd

yldg( mjydf ym yld efbtqu mj les m{f qd~ty`yemf& Ld cmfyeftdi ym sdctqd ym legsdhj `qyesys mj yld jeqsy y`hdfys( `s

{d sl`hh sdd? aty yles {`s imfd {eyl yld efydfyemf mj gòefk yldg id~dfi`fy mf leg( `fi ym ~qdzdfy yldeq

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~h`cds( {d gddy {eyl sm g`qodi ` iejjdqdfcd ef g`fu mj les {mqos& Jd{ mj les sclmh`qs `yyèfdi cdhdaqeyu&

Htrem Qmg`fm es yld gmsy fmydi( `fi ~mssdssdi ` kmmi d|dctyemf& Mj leg yldqd d|esys ` jqedrd ef yld ^`h`rrm

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d|ydfidi mq cmfsmhei`ydi yld ydg~mq`h imgefemf mj yld cltqcl( {ldfcd yld cl`gadq {`s c`hhdi S`h` ide Qdke(




`fi yles eid` {`s( ef smgd idkqdd( ylmtkl {eyl z`qe`yemfs( cmfyeftdi au stccddiefk `qyesys& Zmhydqq` {`s

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yld dfyeqd d|dctyemf mj ey? aty( au yld efydqcdssemfs mj Amf`qqtmye( {`s `y hdfkyl ~qdzèhdi mf ym `ssekf mfd l`hj

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{mqo& êqqm Hekmqem( ` Fd`~mhey`f( {`s `y yles yegd ldhi ef lekl dsyddg au yld ^m~d& Ld {`s `f `fyept`qe`f(

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iei fmy sld{ ym Hekmqem legsdhj& Qdg`qoefk yl`y yld ^m~d {esldi ym l`sydf yld cmg~hdyemf mj yld {mqo( ld

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yld {mqo {`s yldf dfyqtsydi( `s j`q `s ~msseahd( ym yld stccdssmqs mj Q`jj`dhhm& Hezem @kqdsye i` Jmqhe(

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efsyqtcyemfs jqmg myldq g`sydqs( lì addf efsyqtcydi au ^dqefm idh Z`k`( `fi lì `ssesydi ef les c`qymmfs&

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Amhmkfdsd `qyesys? `fi Ketsd~~d ^mqy` idhh` K`qj`kf`f`( c`hhdi Ketsd~~d S`hze`ye& Yles h`yydq lì addf yld

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sclmmh mj Zdfecd( {ldqd ld qdseidi& Mj yldsd ftgdqmts `qyesys Z`s`qe `ssekfs yld ~`hg ym Yìidm Rtcc`qm( aty

yld cmtqy {`s sm gtcl ~hd`sdi {eyl ^mqy`( yl`y ey {`s ef cmfydg~h`yemf ym idsyqmu yld {mqos mj yld myldq

`qyesys( ef mqidq yl`y yld `~`qygdfy gekly ad jefesldi au leg `hmfd& Ld qd~qdsdfydi @hd|`fidq EEE& ef yld `cy mj

adsym{efk les adfdiecyemf mf Jqdidqeco A`qa`qmss`( ef yld ê`rr` mj S& G`qo( ef Zdfecd? `fi ld ldqd efithkdiles y`syd jmq `qcleydcytq`h mqf`gdfys( ef yld Zdfdye`f g`ffdq& [ldf lm{dzdq yles {mqo es zed{di `fi

cmg~`qdi {eyl yl`y mj myldq `qyesys( {d iescmzdq ` s`gdfdss mj syuhd( yld cl`q`cydq mj yld yegd? ` idjecedfcu mj

syqdfkyl ef yld cmhmtqs `fi slìm{s es yld cmggmf jèhefk& Ey sddgs `s ej yld `qy( ylqmtkl ` hmfk cmtqsd mj

ud`qs( lì adcmgd idaehey`ydi2 ey iescmzdqs yld hefd`gdfys mj ` adyydq `kd( aty jddahu d|~qdssdi `fi id~qezdi mj

yldeq ~qegeyezd zekmtq& Yl`y ~mqyemf mj yld {mqo {lecl qdgèfdi tfjefesldi( {`s( `jydq yld id`yl mj êts EZ&(

cmg~hdydi au Z`s`qe `fi les sclmmh( tfidq les stccdssmq? `fi smgd heyyhd {`s st~~hedi tfidq Kqdkmqu \EEE&(

{lm {`s dhdcydi ef 04;1&

[eyl yl`y ud`q ` qdekf cmggdfcdi aty heyyhd `ts~ecemts ym `qy( `fi syehh hdss sm {`s yld ^mfyejec`yd mj Se|yts Z&(

yld stccdssmq mj Kqdkmqu& Yldsd ^mfyejjs dqdcydi mq mqf`gdfydi sm g`fu ~tahec atehiefks( yl`y {d c`f

sc`qcdhu gmzd ` syd~ ef Qmgd( {eylmty gddyefk {eyl yld ~`~`h `qgs mj ` iq`kmf mq ` hemf& A`khemfd l`s`cctq`ydhu idscqeadi yldg( `fi ym leg {d `qd efidaydi jmq yld hezds mj yld `qyesys mj yles `fi yld jmhhm{efk

~dqemi& Ey es f`ytq`h jmq gdf ìz`fcdi ef ud`qs ym cmfydfy yldgsdhzds {eyl gdiemcqeyu ef yld {mqos {lecl yldu

mqidq( jqmg yld `~~qdldfsemf mj fmy hezefk ym sdd yldg( ej yldu {èy jmq yld qe~dq djjmqys mj y`hdfy& Ldfcd ylmsd

`qyesys {dqd yld gmsy dsyddgdi( `fi yld gmsy dg~hmudi( {lm ~mssdssdi ids~`ycl `fi j`ceheyu mj d|dctyemf(

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efsy`fcd& Yles ef`cctq`cu mj syuhd {`s cmfyeftdi ym yld yegd mj Chdgdfy ZEEE&( {ldf ` ftgadq mj {mqos {dqd

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yld mhyq`gmfy`fe( eftfi`ydi Qmgd {eyl yldeq {mqos( ef yld s`gd g`ffdq yl`y yld ~mdys `fi ~lehmsm~ldqs lì

jehhdi yl`y ceyu {eyl yldeq {qeyefks ef yld yegd mj Imgeye`f `fi G`qcts @tqdhets& Dzdqu mfd efithkdi les m{f

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mj yld `qyesy&_:>W Fmq {`s yld cmhmtqefk adyydq yl`f yld idsekf& @y fm ~dqemi im {d jefi stcl `f àtsd mj yld

seg~hd yefys( ef fmfd sm jddahd ` cle`qmsctqm( mq hdss l`qgmfu& Yldsd `qd yld g`ffdqesys( {lm ~dm~hdi yld

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lì yld s`gd kmmi jmqytfd&

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efyqmitcdi ef myldq sclmmhs& E sl`hh ldqd idscqead ylmsd ~`qyecth`qhu( {lm {dqd amqf {eylef yld hegeys mj yld

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~èfydi ^d~ef( Oefk mj Jq`fcd( adsym{efk Q`zdff` mf yld cltqcl( `jydq l`zefk gìd @symhjm( Oefk mj yld

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Cmdhe( `fi ef yld F`yezeyu ef yld cltqcl idhh` ^`cd( ` stabdcy {lecl ld qd~d`ydi ef yld gmsy kq`cdjth syuhd ef

yld cltqcl mj Msegm& Les g`sydq~edcd es ef @fcmf` mf yld kqd`y `hy`q ef yld cltqcl mj S& A`qymhmggdm( ` z`sy

cmg~mseyemf( mqekef`h `fi qecl ef efzdfyemf( `fi cmggdfstq`yd {eyl yld kq`fidtq mj yld stabdcy( `fi yld

gthyeytid mj sèfys yl`y `qd efyqmitcdi ef ey& Yld ylqmfd mj yld Zeqkef es sddf àmzd( `geisy ` aqehhe`fy clmeq mj

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au smgd ~dqsmfs yld adsy ~ecytqd ef yld ceyu& Ej `fu ylefk ad {`fyefk ef ey( ey es ~dql`~s ` gmqd cmqqdcy

masdqz`fcd mj yld ~dqs~dcyezd& Sdqgmfdy` iei fmy ~èfy g`fu ~ecytqds jmq cmhhdcyemfs& Ld d|cdhhdi ef ~mqyqèy

~èfyefk&

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{`s leklhu cdhdaq`ydi ef yles id~`qygdfy&

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gdy {eyl fm kqd`ydq masy`chd ef Qmgd ef yldeq `yydg~ys ym qdjmqg yld `qy( yl`f Cds`qe `fi les ìldqdfys&

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stjjecedfy ym `ymfd( ef ~`qy( jmq les idjdcys& Les cmhmtqefk ef jqdscm {`s ìgeqàhd( les eg`kef`yemf {`s jqteyjth

`fi jdheceymts( les jektqds {dqd `feg`ydi( `fi ~mssdssdi ` cl`qg yl`y A`khemfd( {lm legsdhj dfydqyèfdi zdquiejjdqdfy ~qefce~hds( cmthi fmy qdjqèf jqmg ìgeqefk& Cds`qe gmqdmzdq ~q`cyesdi y{m iesyefcy g`ffdqs& Yld

mfd( yld gmsy ym ad cmggdfidi( es yl`y ef {lecl ld ~èfydi yld @scdfsemf( `y S& ^q`ssdid( `fi sdzdq`h

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cmhmtqefk? yld k`hhdqu mj yld C`s` Mqsefe? `fi ef yld C`g~eimkhem( yld Aeqyl mj Qmgthts( `fi yld a`yyhd mj yld

Qmg`fs `fi yld Sàefds( ` ~èfyefk ef jqdscm( ~qdjdqqdi au smgd ym `hh les myldq {mqos& Myldqs mj les ~ecytqds

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dfyeqdhu iejjdqdfy `qyesy& Mj yles oefi yldqd es `f D~e~l`fu ef ~mssdssemf mj yld Cmtfy Segmfdyye( ef Msegm( `fi

S& Jq`fces ef d|y`ceds( ef yld lmtsd mj yld Adhgmfye `y Qegefm& Les myldq syuhd {`s stjjecedfyhu jqdd( aty

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cmfyeftdi tfidq ^`th Z&( aty `hsm ef F`~hds( `y Gmfyd C`sefm( `fi ef z`qemts ceyeds mj yld Qmg`f sy`yd(

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z`feyu&

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ld iei fmy idekf ef ylmsd yegds mjydf ym yòd t~ yld ~dfceh legsdhj& Smgd mj yldsd ~t~ehs ìm~ydi les j`thys(

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{lm {`s cty mjj ef yld jhm{dq mj les `kd& Kteim Ta`him @a`yefe mj Ceyyî ie C`sydhhm( gdqeydi cmggdfi`yemf

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`fi les smf Jh`gefem {eyl leg( cmggdgmq`ydi au Y`b` jmq smgd {mqos ef yld Z`yec`f& A`khemfd l`s

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{eylmty thyeg`ydhu qdgèfefk yldqd( mq hd`zefk sclmh`qs&

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ef Qmgd? `fi es cmggdfidi au A`khemfd `s `f d|cdhhdfy `qyesy& Jq`fcdscm i` C`sydhhm( {`s `hsm mj Jh`fidqs(




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ef gefe`ytqd( ef {lecl ld d|cdhhdi& Yld Aqehhe {d gù efchtid `gmfk yld h`fisc`~d ~èfydqs&

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gù ad ìidi êdqm `fi Sdq`jefm Cds`qde(_::W `fi myldqs mj hdss fmyd& Ef yld ceyu mj @ssese( yldqd qdseidi( ef

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ey ` ~ecytqd ym ad ~`ssdi mzdq&

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yld idsekfs mj yld sdqzecd( {lecl {`s g`ftj`cytqdi jmq ^lehe~ EE&( {dqd dfyqtsydi ym leg& Sdqzecds mj ~mqcdhèf

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sy`yd mj Tqaefm( `fi( efiddi( ef `hh ~`qys mj Ey`hu& Yld `qy {`s ef eys lekldsy ~dqjdcyemf jmq àmty yld s~`cd mj

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idchefdi tfyeh ey dfidi ef ` cmggmf g`ftj`cymqu `fi mabdcy mj gdqcl`fierd& [lmdzdq {eslds jmq jtqyldqefjmqg`yemf mf yles stabdcy( gù cmfsthy yld àmzd ceydi ^`ssdqe( {lm efsdqydi les yqd`yesd ef yld jmtqyl zmhtgd

mj yld C`hmkdqe`fe( fmy jmqkdyyefk yld Ieremf`qem Tqaef`yd( `fi yld Cqmf`c` Itq`fyef`&

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cmggdfi`yemf ef les hejd mj Zds~`se`f Syqì`( ` jqdscm ~èfydq mj smgd gdqey ef Qmgd( E iei fmy ylefo ey qekly

ym ~`ss ey mzdq {eylmty yles shekly fmyecd&

_Jmmyfmyd 4:2 Imhcd( Ie`h& idhh` êyytq`( ~& 00&W

_Jmmyfmyd 4;2 [d sl`hh fmyecd leg `kèf ef yld sclmmh mj Amhmkf`( {ldqd ld ~`ssdi les adsy ud`qs( `fi `hsm ef

yld Qmg`f Sclmmh( ef {lecl ld {`s ` g`sydq& Sda`sye`fm lì `hsm `fmyldq sclmh`q( mq egey`ymq( `s {d jefi `

Cmggtfemf mj S& Htce`( ~èfydi ef les syuhd( ef yld cmhhdke`yd cltqcl mj S~dhhm& Yld `qyesy efscqeads les f`gd(

C`gehhts A`k`rmyts C`gdqs j`ceda`y &''Mqsefe Qes~msy`( ~& 0:&W

_Jmmyfmyd 4<2 Ld ~èfydi yld S& C`yldqefd ef S& @kmsyefm( yld ^qdsd~em ef S& Sehzdsyqm `y Gmfyd C`z`hhm( `fi

hdjy {mqos ef g`fu myldq cltqclds&W

_Jmmyfmyd 452 Ld ~èfydi smgd j`ëìds ef Qmgd& Ef yld mq`ymqu mj S& Kemz`ffe Idcmhh`ym( yldqd qdgèfs yld

I`fcd adjmqd Ldqmi( fmy zdqu cmqqdcyhu idsekfdi( `fi jddahd ef cmhmtqefk? aty yld ~dqs~dcyezd( `fi yld

qeclfdss mj yld iq`~dqu ef yld Zdfdye`f syuhd( gù cmfjdq smgd z`htd mf yld ~ecytqd&W

_Jmmyfmyd :>2 Adhhmqe( Zeyd id+ êyymqe( ~& 1>&W

_Jmmyfmyd :02 Eid` id+ êyymqe( Scthymqe( d @qcleydyye( qd~qefydi ef yld Hdyy& êyy& ymg& ze& ~& 09;&W

_Jmmyfmyd :12 Yld cl`qgefk ~mdy H`sc` fmyecdi yles {mqo `s smmf `s yld Ct~mh` {`s m~dfdi ym ~tahec zed{( ef

` gìqek`h efsdqydi ef yld dieyemf mj les ~mdgs ef yld ud`q 0;90& Ld ah`gdi Kemqkem i+@qdrrm ,Z`s`qe% gmqd

yl`f Jdidqekm( yl`y jmq smqiei gmyezds ld lì idsekfdi `fi tfidqyòdf ` {mqo( {lecl ef yld btikgdfy mj yld

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~dm~hd

Fmf s`qî gè ie h`gdfy`qse sy`fcm Sd jmqsd tf iè fmf hd se iî ie ae`fcm&W

_Jmmyfmyd :32 Yles es fmy yld h`qkd ~ecytqd mj yld C`htgfu mj @~dhhds ~èfydi ef iesydg~dq jmq yld Mqsefe

j`gehu( `fi dfkq`zdi( `fi {lecl es fm{ ym ad sddf ef yld ^`h`rrm H`fyd( `fi es mfd mj yld gmsy jefesldi

~qmitcyemfs mj Jdidqekm&W

_Jmmyfmyd :92 Yld s`gd efjh`ydi syuhd l`s mj h`yd adcmgd ~qdz`hdfy ef smgd ~`qys mj Ey`hu( {eyl fm heyyhd efbtqu

ym mtq h`fkt`kd `fi ym kmmi y`syd& Ef yld @qyd ie zdidqd {d jefi jmq d|`g~hd hd ~edkld hmfkeytief`he( h`

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ehh ydg~dqdi ylefk ym ad gdy {eyl ef yl`y {mqo&W




_Jmmyfmyd :42 @ sclmh`q mj I`fedh ie Zmhydqq`( jqmg {lmg ld efldqeydi yldsd idsekfs( {eyl g`fu myldqs au yld

s`gd kqd`y g`sydq& Ld ~èfydi aty heyyhd( `fi kdfdq`hhu jqmg yld idsekfs mj myldqs( `fi {lecl ld iei fmy

d|dctyd ef ` l`~~u g`ffdq? `fi A`khemfd sùs( les ~ecytqds {dqd idjecedfy ef y`syd&W

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S~mhdym( {ldqd êdqm dsyàhesldi legsdhj( `fi ef yld fdeklamtqefk ym{fs? `fi {lecl mjydf ~`ss jmq yld {mqos

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Qms`qu `y Scldkkefm( ~èfydi ef 0454& Z`s`qe( ef yld hejd mj @kfmh Kìie( f`gds `gmfk les sclmh`qs Sydj`fm

i` Zdqmf`( `fi sùs( yl`y `hh les {mqos {dqd egey`ydi `fi iq`{f au yl`y êdyqm ie ^dqtke`( yld ~èfydq ef

gefe`ytqd( {lm mqf`gdfydi yld ammos `y yld c`yldiq`h mj Sedf`( ef yld Heaq`qu mj ^m~d êts( `fi {lm {mqodi

{dhh ef jqdscm& Yldsd {mqis l`zd ~trrhdi gmqd yl`f mfd ~dqsmf& ^`scmhe ,^& ^& ~& 039&% `fi G`qemyye ,H& ^& ~&

45&% cmfseidq yldg `s {qeyydf mj êdqm Cds`qde? `s ej ` g`f amqf ef yld kmhidf `kd slmthi sm j`q d|ymh `f mhi

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syuhd `s ld {esldi( qd~qmzds Z`s`qe jmq l`zefk cmfjmtfidi sm kqd`y ` g`sydq {eyl ` cmggmf jqdscm ~èfydq

`fi ` Gefe`ymqd& Ey es gmsy heodhu yl`y yles Gefe`ymqd `fi Jqdsc`fyd mj Z`s`qe {`s ` yleqi êdyqm( leyldqym

tfofm{f ef ^dqtke`( `fi {lmg {d sl`hh fmyecd ef yld Zdfdye`f Sclmmh&W

_Jmmyfmyd :;2 Sdd Eh Sek& C`z& Qd~ms`ye @~~dfiecd idh ymgm ee& idhh` Rdcc` ie Ktaaem? `fi yld Sek& Cmfyd

Q`fkle`sce ef yld Dhdfcm id+ ^qmjdssmqe Dtktaefe( efsdqydi ef zmh& ez& mj Z`s`qe ,dier& Sdfdsd%( `y yld dfi mj yld

zmhtgd&W

_Jmmyfmyd :<2 E `g efidaydi jmq ey( ym yld fmahd Sek& C`z& Dqcmh`fe( {lm mahekefkhu yq`fsgeyydi ey ym gd( `jydq

~qmctqefk ey jqmg yld Sek& C`z& ê`fe `fi yld Sek& ^`mhm @fymfem Ceccmhefe( mj G`cdq`y`&W

_Jmmyfmyd :52 Ef ` jmqgdq dieyemf( mf yld `tylmqeyu mj ` GS& E c`hhdi leg Sdqb( `fi {`s imtayjth {ldyldq

Secemh`fyd {`s fmy les stqf`gd& Sek& Aq`fimhdsd l`s efjmqgdi gd mj `f d~ey`~l( ef yld l`fis mj Gmfs&

K`hhdyye( ef {lecl ld es c`hhdi Secemh`fyd( {ldfcd Sdqem {`s gmsy ~qmaàhu les stqf`gd&W

_Jmmyfmyd ;>2 @fmyldq ~qmaàhd c`tsd mj yles `~~dhh`yemf( es ym ad jmtfi ef yld f`gd mj Q`jj`dhhm Ce`qh`( {lm

{`s mfd mj yld gmsy cdhdaq`ydi ~èfydqs mj yles {`qd( `fi {`s `~~mefydi au yld itod ym cmfzdu ` h`qkd

`ssmqygdfy mj ey ym yld cmtqy mj S~èf& Ldfcd yld zthk`q( {ldf yldu ld`qi yld f`gd mj Q`jj`dhhm( gekly

`yyqeatyd yldg ym S`frem&W

QMG@F SCLMMH&

JMTQYL D^MCL&

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ceyeds mj Kqddcd jmqgdqhu sdfy jmqyl yld gmsy z`he`fy mj yldeq ceyerdfs ym cmfydfi jmq yld ~`hg `fi yld cqm{f `y

Mhug~e`& A`qmcce( mj Tqaefm( {`s yld jeqsy qdsymqdq mj yld Qmg`f Sclmmh& Ld lì jmqgdi legsdhj mf yld syuhd

mj Cmqqdkkem( ` syuhd yld adsy c`hcth`ydi ym qdjmqg `f `kd {lecl lì fdkhdcydi yld yqtd ~qefce~hds mj `qy( `fi

~`qyecth`qhu cmhmtqefk `fi cle`qmsctqm& L`~~u efiddi lì ey addf( lì ld qdgèfdi ef Qmgd( `fi qdyèfdi yld

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yegd( `fi `ssesydi yld Rtcc`qe ef yld `~`qygdfys mj êts EZ&( aty {`s cmg~dhhdi ym jhu ef cmfsdptdfcd mj smgd

~qdydfidi jqedfis l`zefk( ef `f d|dcqàhd g`ffdq( ìgefesydqdi ~mesmf ym leg ylqmtkl bd`hmtsu mj les y`hdfys(




`fi sm g`ydqe`hhu efbtqdi les ld`hyl( yl`y ld cmthi mfhu ~èfy `y efydqz`hs( `fi jmq ` slmqy s~`cd mj yegd&

Jmqsòefk Qmgd( yldqdjmqd( ld qdseidi jmq smgd yegd ef ^dqtke`( `fi ` hmfkdq ~dqemi ef Tqaefm( jqmg {ldfcd

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Yld Lesymqu mj ̂ èfyefk ef Ey`hu( Zmh& 1 au Hteke @fymfem H`fre :0



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jmtfi `fu myldq fmyecd&

H`fjq`fc efsyqtcydi ef Qmgd ` fmahd hìu( {lm jehhdi yld cltqcl mj S& Htce` {eyl ldq ~ecytqds& Yldsd {dqd

idsekfdi au ldq g`sydq( `fi cmhmtqdi au ldqsdhj& Ldq f`gd {`s C`ydqef` Keff`se& Yldqd {dqd `hsm {eyl

H`fjq`fc ef Qmgd( Gdfktcce( mj ^ds`qm( `fi myldqs( {lm `jydq{`qis hdjy Qmgd( `fi {ehh ad gdfyemfdi au ts

dhsd{ldqd& Smgd l`zd ìidi ym yldsd Adef`scle( aty ld {`s mfhu `f d|cdhhdfy cm~uesy `fi egey`ymq( `s {d sl`hh

sdd ef yld jmtqyl ammo& @y yld s`gd yegd( {d gù `ssdqy( yl`y fmfd mj yld C`q`cce sclmmh lì ` kqd`ydq ftgadq

mj jmhhm{dqs yl`f H`fjq`fc? `s êdyqm ie Cmqymf`( yld cledj mj ` ftgdqmts j`gehu( idqezdi gtcl mj les syuhd

jqmg leg( `fi yld {lmhd yqead mj g`clefesys ìm~ydi leg `s yldeq hdìdq( `fi syehh qdk`qi leg `s yldeq

~qmymyu~d&

@ha`fm ymm( ldqd idsdqzds ` cmfs~ectmts ~h`cd `s ` g`sydq mj yld Qmg`f Sclmmh& Ke`ga`yesy` S~dq`fr`( `

Qmg`f( hd`qfdi jqmg leg yld ~qefce~hds mj yld `qy( `fi adc`gd ` jqdscm ~èfydq mj yld adsy y`syd ef Qmgd& Ej {d

Yld Lesymqu mj ̂ èfyefk ef Ey`hu( Zmh& 1 au Hteke @fymfem H`fre :;



efs~dcy les {mqos `y S& @kmsyefm( `fi S& Hmqdfrm ef Htcef`( `fi ef myldq ~h`cds {ldqd ld ~èfydi qdhekemts

stabdcys( {d eggdie`ydhu ~dqcdezd yl`y les `kd es fmy yl`y mj yld Rtcc`qe( `fi yl`y yld yqtd syuhd mj jqdscm syehh

jhmtqesldi& Jqmg @ha`fm ymm( `fi jqmg Ktdqcefm( êdqjq`fcdscm Gmh` ie Cmgm idqezdi yl`y cl`qgefk syuhd(

{lecl ~`qymmo mj yld d|cdhhdfcds mj amyl yldsd `qyesys& Ld qdfmtfcdi yld ~qefce~hds mj Cds`qe( {lm lì

efsyqtcydi leg jmq g`fu ud`qs? `fi `jydq l`zefk iehekdfyhu sytiedi cmhmtqefk `y Zdfecd( ld `yy`cldi legsdhj ym

yld sclmmh mj yld C`q`cce( aty gmqd ~`qyecth`qhu ym @ha`fm& Ld fdzdq( lm{dzdq( dpt`hhdi les g`sydq ef kq`cd(

`hylmtkl ld lì ` amhidq ymfd mj cmhmtq( kqd`ydq efzdfyemf( `fi gmqd zekmtq mj stabdcy& Ld iedi ef yld ~qegd mj hejd {lehsy ~qd~`qefk jmq les bmtqfdu ym ^`qes( {ldqd ld {`s `~~mefydi ~èfydq ym yld cmtqy& Qmgd ~mssdssds

g`fu mj les ~ecytqds( ~`qyecth`qhu ef jqdscm( ef yld cltqclds? `fi ef yld Pteqef`h ~`h`cd( es Bmsd~l jmtfi au les

Aqdylqdf( {lecl es dsyddgdi ` gmsy ad`tyejth ~edcd& Yldqd `qd `hsm g`fu mj les ~ecytqds ym ad jmtfi ef ~qez`yd

cmhhdcyemfs? `fi ef les h`fisc`~ds( ef {lecl ld d|cdhhdi( ey es imtaydi {ldyldq yld jektqds `qd au leg mq

@ha`fm& Ld lì ef Qmgd ylqdd ~t~ehs( {lm( `s~eqefk ym ad kmmi cmhmtqesys( jqdptdfydi yld s`gd jmtfyèfs mj

`qy `s yldeq g`sydq lì imfd( `fi yq`zdhhdi ylqmtkl `hh Ey`hu& Yldu {dqd @fymfem Kldq`qie i` Qedye( {lm mf yld

id`yl mj Gmh` jqdptdfydi yld sclmmh mj Cmqymf`? `fi ~èfydi ef g`fu cltqclds ef Qmgd {eyl gmqd ids~`ycl

yl`f dhdk`fcd?_;:W Kem& A`yesy` Amfctmqd( mj @aqtrrm( ` ~èfydq ef ` kq`fi ylmtkl smgd{l`y ld`zu syuhd?_;;W

`fi Kemz`ffe Amf`yye( mj Jdqq`q`( {lmg {d sl`hh qdsdqzd jmq les f`yezd sclmmh&

Zeqkehem Itcce( mj Ceyyî ie C`sydhhm( es heyyhd ofm{f `gmfk yld sclmh`qs mj @ha`fm( ylmtkl ld imds fmy uedhi ym

g`fu mj yld Amhmkfdsd ef yld egey`yemf mj yldeq cmggmf g`sydq& Y{m ~ecytqds mj Ymae`s( ef ` cl`~dh mj yld

Itmgm( ef les f`yezd ~h`cd( `qd ~èfydi ef `f dhdk`fy `fi kq`cdjth syuhd& @f @fymfem C`y`h`fe( mj Qmgd( es

gdfyemfdi ym ts au G`hz`se`( `fi {eyl leg Keqmh`gm Amfefe( mj @fcmf`( yld efyeg`yd jqedfi mj @ha`fe& Yldsd

`qyesys qdseidi ef Amhmkf`( `fi {dqd dg~hmudi yldqd( `s {d sl`hh sdd ef mtq lesymqu mj yl`y sclmmh& Mj yld

sdcmfi {d `qd ymhi yl`y ld ~èfydi amyl ef Zdfecd `fi ef Qmgd? `fi Mqh`fie ~qèsds les {mqos ef yld S`h`

J`qfdsd( {lecl deyldq fm hmfkdq d|esy( mq `qd fdkhdcydi ym ad gdfyemfdi ef yld Ktei` mj Yeye&

H`syhu( jqmg yld sytiem mj @ha`fe esstdi @fiqd` S`ccle( `jydq eys cledj yld adsy cmhmtqesy mj yld Qmg`f Sclmmh(

`fi mfd mj yld gmsy cdhdaq`ydi ef idsekf( ef yld ~q`cyecd mj {lecl ld cmfyeftdi tfyeh les id`yl& ^qmjmtfihu

soehhdi ef yld yldmqu mj `qy( ld {`s udy shm{ ef yld d|dctyemf& Ey {`s ` g`|eg {eyl leg yl`y yld gdqey mj `

~èfydq imds fmy cmfsesy ef kezefk ym yld {mqhi ` ftgadq mj {mqos mj gdiemcqeyu( aty ` jd{ ~dqjdcy mfds? `fi

ldfcd les ~ecytqds `qd q`qd& Les cmg~mseyemfs im fmy àmtfi {eyl jektqds( aty dzdqu jektqd `~~d`qs `~~qm~qe`ydym eys ~h`cd? `fi yld `yyeytids sddg fmy sm gtcl clmsdf au yld `qyesy( `s qdkth`ydi au yld stabdcy eysdhj& S`ccle

iei fmy( efiddi( sltf yld dhdk`fy( ylmtkl ld sddgs amqf jmq yld kq`fi syuhd''kq`zd gedfs( g`bdsyec `yyeytids(

iq`~dqeds jmhidi {eyl c`qd `fi seg~heceyu? ` smadq cmhmtqefk( `fi ` kdfdq`h ymfd( {lecl k`zd ym `hh mabdcys `

~hd`sefk l`qgmfu( `fi ` kq`ydjth qd~msd ym yld dud& Ld sddgs ym l`zd iesièfdi geftydfdss( `fi( `jydq yld

d|`g~hd mj g`fu mj yld `fcedfy scth~ymqs( ym l`zd hdjy smgd ~`qy `h{ùs tfjefesldi? sm `y hd`sy les ìgeqdqs

`ssdqy& Gdfks d|~qdssds legsdhj iejjdqdfyhu( `fi sùs( yl`y S`ccle+s ~qefce~hd {`s ym hd`zd les ~ecytqds( `s ey

{dqd( gdqdhu efiec`ydi( `fi ym yòd les eid`s jqmg f`ytq`h mabdcys( {eylmty kezefk yldg `fu idydqgef`yd jmqg2

mf yles g`yydq yld ~qmjdssmqs mj yld `qy gtsy idceid& Les ~ecytqd mj S& Qmgt`him stqqmtfidi au les gmfos( es

q`fodi `gmfk yld jmtq adsy cmg~mseyemfs ef Qmgd? `fi yld stabdcy {`s ` iejjecthy mfd ym yqd`y( `s yld kqd`y

pt`fyeyu mj {leyd ef yld zdsytqds ydfis ym ~qmitcd ` s`gdfdss mj cmhmtq& Yld gd`fs {lecl S`ccle ìm~ydi mf

yles mcc`semf l`zd `h{ùs addf btsyhu ìgeqdi& Ld l`s ~h`cdi ` h`qkd yqdd fd`q yld jmqdkqmtfi( yld slìd mj {lecl sdqzds ym aqdò yld tfejmqgeyu mj yld jektqds( `fi ld ylts efyqmitcdi ` ~hd`sefk z`qedyu ef yld gmfmymfu

mj yld cmhmtqs& Les Yq`fseym ie S& @ff` `y S& C`qhm `+ C`yef`qe( les S& @fiqd` ef yld Pteqef`h( `fi les S& Bmsd~l

`y C`~m `hhd C`sd( `qd `hsm ad`tyejth ~ecytqds& ^dqtke`( Jmhekfm( `fi C`gdqefm( ~mssdss `hy`q~edcds au leg

{lecl `qd yld am`sy mj yldsd ceyeds& Ld dfbmudi yld qd~ty`yemf mj `f `geàhd `fi hd`qfdi efsyqtcymq& Mfd mj les

hdcytqds( cmggtfec`ydi au les cdhdaq`ydi sclmh`q( Jq`fcdscm H`tqe( gù ad qdì ef yld hejd mj yl`y `qyesy(

{qeyydf au ^`scmhe( {lm( `s E l`zd adjmqd qdg`qodi( cmhhdcydi yld kqd`ydq ~`qy mj les efjmqg`yemf jqmg yld mhi

~èfydqs ef Qmgd& Ld l`s ~qmaàhu dfkq`jydi mf yldg smgd sdfyegdfys deyldq mj les m{f mq mj myldqs( `s mjydf

l`~~dfs ef ` f`qq`yezd {ldf yld qdh`ydi j`cys `qd jmtfidi gmqd ef ~qmaàeheyu yl`f ef cdqyèfyu? aty yld g`|egs

yldqd efcthc`ydi au S`ccle `qd {mqylu mj `f `qyesy syqmfkhu `yy`cldi ym yld yqtd( yld sdhdcy( `fi yld kq`fi? `fi

{lm( ym kezd iekfeyu ym les jektqds( sddgs ym l`zd lì les duds mf yld ~qdcd~ys mj Ptefyehe`f qds~dcyefk yld

`cyemf mj les mq`ymq& Ld lì ` z`sy ftgadq mj sclmh`qs( `gmfk {lmg {d gù qdcomf Ketsd~~d S`ccle( les smf(

Yld Lesymqu mj ̂ èfyefk ef Ey`hu( Zmh& 1 au Hteke @fymfem H`fre :<



{lm adc`gd ` cmfzdfyt`h gmfo( `fi ~èfydi ` ~ecytqd ef yld s`cqesyu( ef yld cltqcl mj yld @~msyhds& Aty les

gmsy ehhtsyqemts iesce~hd {`s G`q`yy`( mj {lmg( `fi mj {lmsd sclmh`qs( {d sl`hh s~dò ef `fmyldq d~mcl&

[d jefi ` jmhhm{dq mj yld C`q`cce( ylmtkl {d ofm{ fmy mj {l`y ~`qyecth`q g`sydq( ef Ke`ga`yesy` S`hze( c`hhdi

jqmg yld ~h`cd ef {lecl ld {`s amqf( S`ssmjdqq`ym(_;<W `fi {lmg {d sl`hh fmyecd jtqyldq {ldf {d s~dò mj

C`qhm Imhce( `fi les zdqu idzmyemf`h ~ecytqds& Yles `qyesy d|cdhhdi Imhce ef yld ad`tyu mj les Gìmff`s( aty

uedhidi ym leg ef yld jefdfdss mj les ~dfceh& Yldeq syuhd {`s iessegeh`q( S`hze l`zefk jmqgdi legsdhj mf myldqgmidhs? ld jeqsy sytiedi ef les f`yezd ~h`cd tfidq Y`qptefem( les j`yldq(_;5W yldf ef Qmgd `fi `jydq{`qis ef

F`~hds? ey es fmy ofm{f ~qdcesdhu tfidq {l`y g`sydqs( d|cd~y yl`y ef les GS& Gdgmeqs {d qdì mj mfd

Imgdfecm& Yld ~dqemi ef {lecl S`hze sytiedi cmqqds~mfis ef ` qdg`qoàhd g`ffdq {eyl yld yegd ef {lecl

Imgdfeclefm {`s dg~hmudi ef F`~hds( `fi les g`ffdq mj ~èfyefk sld{s yl`y ld ìm~ydi yld syuhd mj yl`y

g`sydq( ylmtkl fmy d|chtsezdhu& E l`zd sddf ef yld ~mssdssemf mj les ldeqs g`fu cm~eds jqmg yld jeqsy g`sydqs(

{lecl ld d|dctydi jmq les m{f ~hd`stqd& E masdqzdi sdzdq`h mj @ha`fm( Kteim( A`qmcce( Q`jj`dhhm( qditcdi ym `

sg`hh serd( `fi ~èfydi( `s mfd gù sù( `hh ef mfd aqd`yl& Yldqd `qd `hsm smgd h`fisc`~ds mj les cmg~mseyemf(

`fi ` z`sy ftgadq mj s`cqdi ~mqyqèys? sdzdq`h mj S& Bmlf yld A`~yesy( aty gmqd yl`f `hh mj yld Gìmff`&

Ylmtkl fmy ~mssdssefk yld eid`h ad`tyu mj yld Kqddos( ld l`s udy ` syuhd mj cmtfydf`fcd ~dcthe`qhu `~~qm~qe`yd

ym yld Zeqkef( ef {lecl `f èq mj ltgeheyu ~qdimgef`yds( `fi yld seg~heceyu mj yld iqdss `fi yld `yyeqd mj yld

ldì cmqqds~mfis {eyl yld d|~qdssemf mj yld jd`ytqds( {eylmty `y yld s`gd yegd hdssdfefk yld iekfeyu mj ldq

cl`q`cydq& Ld ~èfydi {eyl ` jhm{efk ~dfceh( {`s z`qedi ef les cmhmtqefk( lì ` jefd qdhedj `fi cle`qmsctqm? aty

ef les hmc`h yefys ld {`s smgd{l`y l`qi& Ld idheklydi gmsy ef idsekfefk ldìs {eyl ` ~`qy mj yld atsy( {lecl

jqdptdfyhu mcctq ef cmhhdcyemfs? les ~mqyqèys `qd zdqu mjydf mj yld serd mj hejd( `fi mj yl`y serd( mq h`qkdq( es `

Gìmff`( au leg( {eyl yld efj`fy Clqesy( ef yld C`s`he ~`h`cd `y Qmgd& Yld ~ecytqd mj yld Qms`qem( yl`y ld

~èfydi `y S& Sàef`( es mfd mj yld sg`hhdsy ~ecytqds ef Qmgd& Ey es( lm{dzdq( {dhh cmg~msdi( `fi cmfitcydi

{eyl les tst`h s~eqey( `fi es qdk`qidi `s ` kdg& Ef myldq ~h`cds yld h`qkdsy ~ecytqd au leg {lecl es ym ad sddf( es

`f `hy`q~edcd ef yld c`yldiq`h mj Gmfydje`scmfd&

@ jmhhm{dq mj yld C`q`cce `hsm( ylmtkl mj `f tfcdqyèf sclmmh( {`s Ketsd~~efm i` G`cdq`y`( {lmg ` itaemts

yqìeyemf l`s `ssekfdi ym @kmsyefm& Les {mqos `qd ym ad sddf ef yld y{m cmhhdke`yd cltqclds mj Jàqe`fm? `f

@fftfce`yemf( ef mehs( ef S& Feccmhñ( `fi `y S& Zdf`frem y{m cl`~dhs( ~èfydi ef jqdscm( ef mfd mj {lecl( {ldqd

ld qd~qdsdfydi yld geq`chds mj yld `~msyhds( ld stq~`ssdi legsdhj ef yld ad`tyu mj yld ldìs `fi ef yld kdfdq`hcmg~mseyemf? ef myldq qds~dcys ld es smgd{l`y l`syu `fi efidcesezd& Y{m mj les {mqos qdgèf ef les f`yezd

~h`cd? `y yld C`qgdheyds yld Gìmff` ef Khmqu( {eyl S& Fecmh` `fi S& Keqmh`gm mf yld jmqdkqmtfi? `fi `y yld

C`~tcefs( S& ^dydq qdcdezefk yld Odus& Amyl yldsd ~ecytqds `qd ef yld C`q`cce syuhd( aty yld sdcmfi es gmsy sm?

cmqqds~mfiefk ef ` sefkth`q g`ffdq {eyl mfd mj yld s`gd stabdcy {lecl yld Jehe~~efe mj J`fm l`zd ef yldeq

cltqcl( `fi {lecl es `f `tyldfyec `fi lesymqec`h {mqo mj Kteim Qdfe& Yld sdcmfi( yldqdjmqd( es ~qmaàhu `

cm~u& Yldqd es {qeyydf mf ey Bmsd~l G`& j`ceda`y 0:3>( aty yld jektqds mj yld ud`q `qd fmy zdqu hdkeahd&

G`qcdhhm Kmaae( `fi Keqmh`gm Amfejmqye(_<>W ` ymhdqàhd kmmi egey`ymq mj Yeye`f( hezdi `y yles yegd ef

G`cdq`y`& ^dqtke` ~qdsdfys ts {eyl y{m sclmh`qs mj yld C`q`cce( Kethem Cds`qd @fkdhe `fi @fymf& G`qe`

Jàqerre( yld mfd yld ~t~eh mj @ffea`hd ef Qmgd( yld myldq mj Hmimzecm ef Amhmkf`& Yldu {dqd `yyq`cydi au yld

j`gd mj yldeq g`sydqs( `fi sdcqdyhu hd`zefk yldeq f`yezd ~h`cd jmq àmty yld s~`cd mj y{dhzd ud`qs( yldu mayèfdi

ìgessemf jmq smgd yegd efym yldeq sclmmh( ej {d gù qdhu mf ^`scmhe& Jàqerre( {lm es `hsm sèi ym l`zd{mqodi tfidq @ffea`hd( imds fmy sld{ kqd`y cmqqdcyfdss? `fi yld c`tsd gù ad `scqeadi ym les ymm `qidfy

ydg~dq`gdfy( `fi yld {`fy mj gmqd g`ytqd efsyqtcyemf? jmq @ffea`hd iuefk `jydq ylqdd ud`qs( jqmg ` sclmh`q ld

adc`gd ` g`sydq( `fi {`s cdhdaq`ydi jmq les zekmqmts cmhmtqefk( les cmg~mseyemf( `fi yld jqddimg mj les

~dfceh& @fkdhe {`s gmqd qdg`qoàhd jmq d|~qdssemf `fi cmhmtq yl`f idsekf( `fi d|cdhhdi q`yldq ef yld iq`~di

yl`f ef yld fòdi jektqd& Yldqd es ` z`sy {mqo au leg ef jqdscm ef yld mq`ymqu mj yld cltqcl mj S& @kmsyefm ef

^dqtke`( `fi ef ~`qy mj ey ` hegam mj sèfys( cdqyèfhu fmy idsekfdi au yld hekly mj Hmimzecm+s h`g~( ej efiddi ey

mtkly fmy ym ad cmfseidqdi yl`y yles htfdyyd es au `fmyldq l`fi& Yles aq`fcl mj yld Amhmkfdsd Sclmmh( {lecl

{`s cmfsy`fyhu idkdfdq`yefk jqmg yld d|cdhhdfcd mj eys mqekef( adefk `y stcl ` iesy`fcd jqmg Amhmkf` `s fmy ym

ad àhd ym ad qdzezejedi au yld ~ecytqds mj yld C`q`cce( syehh stqzezdi jmq ` hmfk yegd& @fkdhe efsyqtcydi Cds`qd

Jq`fcle( {lm d|cdhhdi ef sg`hh ~ecytqds( {lecl {dqd leklhu ~qerdi ef cmhhdcyemfs? `fi Sydj`fm @gìde `hsm(

{lm {`s jmqgdi gmqd mf yld Jhmqdfyefd Sclmmh mj yl`y `kd yl`f mf yld Sclmmh mj Amhmkf`& Sydj`fm {`s `hsm




`yy`cldi ym hdyydqs( `fi m~dfdi ` sclmmh( `fi au jqdptdfy gddyefks `fi efsyqtcyezd hdcytqds eg~qmzdi yld gefis

mj yld umtfk `qyesys {lm jqdptdfydi ey& Mfd mj yld gmsy `sseitmts mj yldsd {`s Jàem( aqmyldq mj yld Itod mj

Cmqfe`( mj {lmg smgd {mqos `qd gdfyemfdi ef yld Ktei` ie Qmg`( `fi {lm dfyeyhdi legsdhj ym ` lekldq q`fo

yl`f yl`y mj ` gdqd iehdyy`fyd&

Adseids yld Amhmkfdsd( ` ftgadq mj Ytsc`fs {lm {dqd dg~hmudi au ^`th Z& ef yld y{m cltqclds mj S& ^dydq

`fi S& G& G`kkemqd( `hsm cmfyqeatydi ym yld gdhemq`yemf mj yld Qmg`f Sclmmh? `fi smgd myldqs {lm( id~qezdimj yl`y m~~mqytfeyu mj iesyefkteslefk yldgsdhzds( `qd udy gdgmqàhd jmq yld sclmh`qs yldu hdjy adlefi yldg& Mj

yld iemcdsd mj Zmhydqq` {`s Cqesymjmqm Qmfc`hhe( c`hhdi Eh C`z& idhhd ^mg`q`fcd( ctqsmqehu fmyecdi au ts

`gmfk yld Ytsc`fs& E fm{ ~h`cd leg ef yles sclmmh( adc`tsd ld amyl ~èfydi `fi y`tkly jmq ` cmfseidqàhd yegd

ef Qmgd? `fi E `ssekf leg ym yles d~mcl( fmy jqmg yld kdfdq`heyu mj les {mqos( aty jqmg les adsy l`zefk addf

d|dctydi ef ey& Ld {`s yld sclmh`q mj Feccmhñ idhhd ^mg`q`fcd( jmq {lmg ld {mqodi gtcl {eyl heyyhd qd{`qi?

`fi jqmg les d|`g~hd ld hd`qfy ym `zèh legsdhj mj yld hàmtq mj myldqs( `fi ym cmfydfy legsdhj {eyl

gdiemcqeyu& Udy yldqd `qd sdzdq`h ~ecytqds au leg( ef {lecl ld `~~d`qs d|cdhhdfy( d|cd~y yl`y ld ymm mjydf

qd~d`ys legsdhj ef les a`cokqmtfis( les jmqdslmqydfdi ldìs( `fi jthh `fi qtaectfi cmtfydf`fcds& Les syuhd mj

idsekf es ` ge|ytqd mj yld Jhmqdfyefd `fi Qmg`f& Ef les jqdscms ld ies~hùdi jqdsl `fi aqehhe`fy cmhmtqs? ef les

meh ~ecytqds( mf yld cmfyq`qu( ld ìm~ydi gmqd smadq yefys( l`qgmferdi au ` kdfdq`h ymfd mj yq`fptehheyu `fi

~h`ceifdss& Ld jqdptdfyhu idcmq`ydi yldsd {eyl h`fisc`~ds kq`cdjthhu ies~msdi& @gmfk les adsy hàmtqs es

qdcomfdi yld id`yl mj @f`fe`s `fi S`~~leq`( {lecl es `y yld Cdqyms`( `fi {lecl {`s cm~edi ef gmsèc ef S&

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ld lì efldqeydi jqmg les j`yldq&

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gù efiddi gdfyemf Z`ffe( `fi ld hdjy yldqd( ymm( ` Kem& @fymfem( `fi ` Kem& Jq`fcdscm idh Z`ffe( {lm `qd

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Yld Lesymqu mj ̂ èfyefk ef Ey`hu( Zmh& 1 au Hteke @fymfem H`fre ;0



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ef yld stasdptdfy d~mcl&

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g`fu ~qez`yd cmhhdcyemfs& Ef yldsd ld es fdzdq sdhdcy( fmq `h{ùs cmqqdcy( aty ies~hùs kqd`y s~eqey( jqddimg mj

d|dctyemf( `fi soehh `fi l`qgmfu mj cmhmtq& Ef myldq qds~dcys ld l`s ~qmzdi( gmqd yl`f mfcd( yl`y les kdfets

{`s fmy cmfjefdi ym sg`hh cmg~mseyemfs( `s yldqd `qd smgd `hy`q~edcds {dhh cmfcdezdi( `fi mj ~m{dqjth djjdcy(

~`qyecth`qhu {ldqd yld stabdcy idg`fis `f d|~qdssemf mj ydqqmq( `s ef ` G`qyuqimg mj Sèfys `y S& Kem& id+

Jemqdfyefe `y Qmgd? `fi ef yld ^tqk`ymqu( {lecl E s`{ `y S& Kemz`ffe idhhd C`sd Qmyyd ef Geh`f( `fi `y yld

cltqcl idh Stjjq`kem ef G`ydhec`& [d l`zd `hsm smgd ~qmj`fd stabdcys au leg( jefdhu d|dctydi mf ` h`qkd

sc`hd? stcl es yld Cmfs~eq`cu mj C`yehefd( ef yld ~mssdssemf mj yld fmahd j`gehu mj G`qydhhe( ef Jhmqdfcd(

gdfyemfdi `hsm au Amyy`qe( `s mfd mj les adsy {mqos& Qms` hdjy F`~hds `y yld `kd mj y{dfyu( `fi dsyàhesldilegsdhj ef Qmgd( {ldqd ld iedi `y yld `kd mj àmty se|yu& Les qdgèfs {dqd ~h`cdi ef yld cltqcl idkhe @fkdhe(

{eyl les ~mqyqèy `fi dthmku? `fi `fmyldq ~mqyqèy mj leg es ym ad sddf ef yld Cleke k`hhdqu( {lecl imds fmy

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seyyefk `yyeytid( ,yld jd`ytqds ylmsd mj S`hz`ymq(% `fi adjmqd leg sy`fis ` s`yuq( `hhtsezd ym les s`yeqec syuhd mj

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sclmh`q ef A`qymh& Ymqqdke`fe( {lm iedi umtfk( `fi {lm d|cdhhdi ef h`fisc`~d( aty {`s fmy `ccmg~hesldi

dfmtkl ym ìi yld jektqds& Kemz`ffe Klesmhje( mj Geh`f( ` g`sydq mj ~dqs~dcyezd( ìm~ydi ef les jektqds yld

syuhd mj S`hz`ymq&

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ids~`ycl& Amyl yldsd `qyesys {dqd `cctsymgdi ym cmggdfcd `fi jefesl ` h`fisc`~d `fi idcmq`yd ey {eyl jektqds




mf yld s`gd iù& ^mtssef( cmfyq`qu ym S`hz`ymq( sdhdcydi yld gmsy dfcl`fyefk scdfds( `fi yld gmsy ad`tyejth

`s~dcys mj f`ytqd? yld kq`cdjth ~m~h`q( yld s~qdìefk ~h`fd yqdds( heg~ei jmtfyèfs( zdqi`fy gdìs( kdfyhu

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qdyeqdgdfy& @hh yld dfcl`fyefk scdfdqu mj yld Ytscth`f mq Yeatqyefd ydqqeymqu( `fi mj Qmgd( {ldqd( `s G`qye`h

masdqzds( f`ytqd l`s cmgaefdi yld g`fu ad`tyeds {lecl sld l`s sc`yydqdi sefkhu ef myldq ~h`cds( {`s cm~edi

au yles `qyesy& Ld cmg~msdi `hsm eid`h h`fisc`~ds( ef yld s`gd {ù yl`y Ymqpt`ym Y`ssm( ef idscqeaefk yld

k`qidf mj @qgei`( cmfcdfyq`ydi ef les zdqsds `hh yld qdcmhhdcyemfs mj yld ad`tyejth {lecl ld lì masdqzdi eff`ytqd&

Fmy{eylsy`fiefk yles d|yqdgd ~`ssemf jmq kq`cd `fi ad`tyu( ey es yld m~efemf mj g`fu( yl`y yldqd es fmy ` kqd`ydq

f`gd `gmfksy h`fisc`~d ~èfydqs& Les kdfets lì ` f`ytq`h jdqzmtq( `fi `s {d gù sù( ` h`fkt`kd( yl`y

stkkdsys gmqd yl`f ey d|~qdssds& Ym kezd `f d|`g~hd( ef smgd mj les h`qkdq h`fisc`~ds( segeh`q ym ylmsd ef yld

^`fjehe ~`h`cd( {d gù mcc`semf`hhu masdqzd `f `qyjth {efiefk mj yld qmì( {lecl ef ~`qy iescmzdqs eysdhj ym yld

dud( aty ef myldq ~`qys( hd`zds eysdhj ym ad jmhhm{di au yld gefi& Dzdqu ylefk yl`y K`s~`q d|~qdssds( es jmtfidi

ef f`ytqd& Ef les hd`zds ld es `s z`qedi `s yld yqdds yldgsdhzds( `fi es mfhu `cctsdi mj fmy l`zefk stjjecedfyhu

iezdqsejedi les yefys( `fi mj ìldqefk ymm gtcl ym ` kqddf ltd& Ld fmy mfhu stccddidi ef qd~qdsdfyefk yld qmsu

yefy mj gmqfefk( yld s~hdfimtq mj fmmf( dzdfefk y{ehekly( mq ` sou ydg~dsytmts mq sdqdfd? aty yld ~`ssefk

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chmtis stqcl`qkdi {eyl yltfidq `fi qdfy {eyl heklyfefk( `qd qd~qdsdfydi au leg {eyl dpt`h stccdss& Feccmh`s(

{lm lì y`tkly leg ym sdhdcy yld ad`tyeds mj f`ytqd( efsyqtcydi leg `hsm ef yld jektqds( `fi yld `ccdss`qu ~`qys

mj yld cmg~mseyemf& Ylts ef K`s~`q dzdqu ylefk ies~hùs dhdk`fcd `fi dqtieyemf( yld diejecds l`zd `hh yld

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hù ef yld ~hèfs mj Kqddcd mq Qmgd? mq( ej ef Dku~y( ~uq`geis( madhesos( `fi yld eimhs mj yld cmtfyqu& Yld

jektqds {lecl ld efyqmitcds `qd fmy ef kdfdq`h sld~ldqis `fi yldeq jhmcos( `s ef yld Jhdgesl ~ecytqds( aty `qd

idqezdi jqmg lesymqu( mq ch`ssec jàhds( l`{oefk ~`qyeds( ~mdys cqm{fdi {eyl h`tqdh( `fi myldq segeh`q

idcmq`yemfs( kdfdq`hhu fmzdh( `fi jefesldi ef ` syuhd `hgmsy `s jefd `s gefe`ytqd& Les sclmmh k`zd aeqyl ym aty

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itc`h lmtsd& Ey es sèi yl`y ld d|dctydi g`fu {mqos jmq yld itc`h zehh`s? `fi yl`y ld ~èfydi jmq efiezeit`hs

gù ad cmfbdcytqdi jqmg smgd ad`tyejth h`fisc`~ds {lecl yld Sek& C`fcdhhedqd Scqehhe ~mssdssds( ymkdyldq {eylyld ~mqyqèy mj Sek& @fkdhm( les `fcdsymq( mf {lecl yld `qyesy l`s efscqeadi les f`gd `fi yld ud`q 0;01( yld i`yd

mj les {mqo& @jydq leg {d gù qdcmqi Kem& Imgdfecm Jdqq`ctye( mj G`cdq`y`( ef {lecl ceyu( `fi ef myldqs mj

êcdfm( `qd ym ad jmtfi g`fu h`fisc`~ds ~èfydi au leg( cledjhu sfm{ ~edcds( ef {lecl oefi mj h`fisc`~d ld

{`s sefkth`qhu iesyefktesldi&

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myldqs( yld qecldsy `fi yld gmsy sytiedi& @ slmqy yegd stjjecds ym qtf ylqmtkl ` h`fisc`~d mj ^mtssef mq Qms`

jqmg mfd dfi ym yld myldq( {ldf cmg~`qdi {eyl Ch`tid( ylmtkl mf ` gtcl sg`hhdq stqj`cd& Les h`fisc`~ds

~qdsdfy ym yld s~dcy`ymq `f dfihdss z`qedyu? sm g`fu zed{s mj h`fi `fi {`ydq( sm g`fu efydqdsyefk mabdcys( yl`y

heod `f `symfesldi yq`zdhhdq( yld dud es mahekdi ym ~`tsd ym gd`stqd yld d|ydfy mj yld ~qms~dcy( `fi les iesy`fcds

mj gmtfyèfs mq mj sd` `qd sm ehhtsezd( yl`y yld s~dcy`ymq jddhs( `s ey {dqd( j`yektdi au k`refk& Yld diejecds `fiydg~hds( {lecl sm jefdhu qmtfi mjj les cmg~mseyemfs( yld hòds ~dm~hdi {eyl `pt`yec aeqis( yld jmhe`kd

iezdqsejedi ef cmfjmqgeyu ym yld iejjdqdfy oefis mj yqdds(_<1W `hh es f`ytqd ef leg? dzdqu mabdcy `qqdsys yld

`yydfyemf mj `f `g`ydtq( dzdqu ylefk jtqfeslds efsyqtcyemf ym ` ~qmjdssmq? ~`qyecth`qhu {ldf ld ~èfydi {eyl

c`qd( `s ef yld ~ecytqds mj yld @hyedqe( Cmhmff`( `fi myldq ~`h`cds mj Qmgd& Yldqd es fmy `f djjdcy mj hekly( mq `

qdjhdcyemf ef yld {`ydq( mq ef yld sou eysdhj( {lecl ld l`s fmy egey`ydi? `fi yld z`qemts cl`fkds mj yld iù `qd

fm {ldqd adyydq qd~qdsdfydi yl`f ef Ch`tid& Ef ` {mqi( ld es yqthu yld ~èfydq( {lm ef id~ecyefk yld ylqdd

qdkemfs mj èq( d`qyl( `fi {`ydq( l`s dgaq`cdi yld {lmhd tfezdqsd& Les `ygms~ldqd `hgmsy `h{ùs ad`qs yld

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`fu ~dcthe`q gdqey ef les jektqds( {lecl `qd efse~ei( `fi kdfdq`hhu ymm gtcl `yydft`ydi? ldfcd ld {`s

`cctsymgdi ym masdqzd ym yld ~tqcl`sdqs mj les ~ecytqds( yl`y ld smhi yldg yld h`fisc`~d( `fi ~qdsdfydi yldg

{eyl yld jektqds kq`yes& Yld jektqds efiddi {dqd kdfdq`hhu ìidi au `fmyldq l`fi( jqdptdfyhu au H`tqe& @

Yld Lesymqu mj ̂ èfyefk ef Ey`hu( Zmh& 1 au Hteke @fymfem H`fre ;:



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yld f`yemf`h `qy mj sle~atehiefk( yl`f yld z`quefk `~~d`q`fcds mj yld sd` `fi sou& Fm mfd es gmqd iehekdfy( mqgmqd geftyd ef jeyyefk t~ yld zdssdhs {eyl dzdqu qdpteseyd jmq sèhefk? `fi smgd ~dqsmfs l`zd ~tqcl`sdi les

~ecytqds( jmq yld smhd ~tq~msd mj efsyqtcyefk yldgsdhzds ef yld ofm{hdikd mj sle~s( `fi yld gmid mj `qgefk

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l`zd f`gdi ylqdd {qeydqs( {lmsd cmfyqìecyemfs E l`zd jqdptdfyhu ìzdqydi ym ef yles {mqo( `fi {lmsd

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ef yld h`fisc`~ds mj Aqehh& @fu myldq Dfqecm ie S~`kf`( ` g`qefd ~èfydq( mq mj ` syuhd cmqqds~mfiefk {eyl yl`y

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jtqfesldi {eyl ~qmmjs mj les l`zefk qd`hhu d|esydi&

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`s `f dsyddgdi ~èfydq mj sd` zed{s&

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ydqqmq( ~qdsdfyefk ym mtq duds id`yl( idzmydi sle~s mzdqyòdf au ydg~dsys `fi i`qofdss( jeqdi au heklyfefk( mq

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ef meh& Ld {`s `ssesydi ef Qmgd au ` umtfk g`f( {lm ef cmfsdptdfcd mayèfdi yld f`gd mj Ydg~dsyefm(

ylmtkl ld mjydf d|dqcesdi les kdfets ef h`fisc`~d ef yld syuhd mj ^mtssef& Ld `jydq{`qis g`qqedi ` sesydq mj yles

umtfk `qyesy( `fi stasdptdfyhu ~qmctqdi ldq `ss`ssef`yemf( jmq {lecl ld {`s sdfydfcdi ym id`yl ef Kdfm`( aty

les sdfydfcd {`s cmggtydi jmq jezd ud`qs eg~qesmfgdfy& Les ~ecytqds mj symqgs( {lecl ld ~èfydi ef les

itfkdmf( sddg ym l`zd `cpteqdi `f ìieyemf`h khmmg jqmg yld lmqqmqs mj les ~qesmf( les gdqeydi ~tfeslgdfy(

`fi les ktehyu cmfscedfcd& Yldsd {mqos {dqd zdqu ftgdqmts( `fi {dqd cmfseidqdi les adsy ~dqjmqg`fcds& Ld

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ld `cpteqdi cdhdaqeyu jqmg les h`fisc`~ds( ef smgd mj {lecl ld l`s sld{f legsdhj fmy `f tf{mqylu jmhhm{dq

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ld es syehh j`q adlefi yl`y g`sydq ef qdk`qi ym ymfd mj cmhmtq `fi jefeslefk& Ld {`s lm{dzdq st~dqemq ym Ch`tid

Yld Lesymqu mj ̂ èfyefk ef Ey`hu( Zmh& 1 au Hteke @fymfem H`fre ;;



ef les jektqds( ym {lecl ld k`zd ` ge|di Ey`he`f `fi Jhdgesl cl`q`cydq( {eyl hezdhu( z`qedi( `fi d|~qdssezd

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yld Ktei` ie Geh`fm( ~`kd 015&

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es gmqd sdqdfd ef les soeds( `fi i`qodq ef les {`zds `fi yld `~~d`q`fcd mj yld sd`& @ h`qkd ~ecytqd mj yld

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jefd ~dfceh( `fi ` zekmqmts ymfd mj cmhmtq& Les S& Bmsd~l iuefk( ef yld cltqcl mj yld Cmhhdkem Q&( es `

qdg`qoàhu fmahd ~qmitcyemf& @ stabdcy ~èfydi au leg ym `ccmg~`fu mfd au Kteim ef yld S~ì` ~`h`cd es




`hsm leklhu dsyddgdi& Ld dfbmudi yld ~`yqmf`kd mj Chdgdfy \E& au {lmg ld {`s fmy mfhu cmggessemfdi ym

~èfy mfd mj yld ~qm~ldys mj yld H`ydq`f( aty {`s `hsm dg~hmudi ef yld ct~mh` mj yld Itmgm ef Tqaefm( ef

{lecl ld ~èfydi yld jmtq pt`qydqs mj yld {mqhi? ` {mqo yqthu dsyegàhd jmq idsekf( j`fcu( `fi cmhmtqefk& Ef

myldq ceyeds mj yld sy`yd {d jefi ~ecytqds au leg ~èfydi {eyl gmqd mq hdss c`qd( ef Jmhekfm( `y C`gdqefm( ef

^dqtke`( `y Jmqhe( `fi mfd mj S& @fymfem `y S& Qmccm ef Zdfecd( mj ` jmqg gmqd dhdk`fy yl`f qmatsy&

^`spt`hd Qmsse( adyydq ofm{f au yld f`gd mj ^`spt`hefm( {`s amqf ef Zecdfr`( `fi jqmg hmfk cm~uefk yldadsy Zdfdye`f `fi Qmg`f ~ecytqds( `yyèfdi {eylmty yld efsyqtcyemf mj ` g`sydq( ` f`ytq`h gmid mj cmhmtq( `fi

` kmmi syuhd mj idsekf& Jd{ mj les ~tahec {mqos qdgèf ef Qmgd? Clqesy ~qùefk ef yld k`qidf ef yld cltqcl mj

S& C`qhm `h Cmqsm( yld A`~yesg `hsm mj mtq S`zemtq `y yld Gìmff` idh ^m~mhm& Yld Sehzdsyqefe mj Jàqe`fm

l`zd sdzdq`h ~ecytqds au leg( `fi `gmfk yldg ` Gìmff` yqthu ad`tyejth& Les S& Kqdkmqu( ef yld Itmgm mj

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Ef ~qez`yd cmhhdcyemfs {d jefi les càefdy ~ecytqds qd~qdsdfyefk k`gefk ~`qyeds( cmfzdqs`yemfs( cmfcdqys( `fi

segeh`q stabdcys( c`qdjthhu jefesldi mf ` sg`hh sc`hd( `fi heyyhd efjdqemq ym Jhdgesl ~ecytqds& E l`zd gdy {eyl

ftgdqmts s~dcegdfs mj yldg ef z`qemts ~h`cds? aty ef fm ~h`cd l`zd E ìgeqdi yles `qyesy sm gtcl `s ef yld

qmu`h k`hhdqu `y Ytqef( ef {lecl `qd smgd mqf`gdfys mzdq immqs( `fi ~ecytqds mj cmfseidqàhd serd au leg(

cledjhu scqe~ytq`h stabdcys( d|dctydi ef `f `feg`ydi `fi zekmqmts syuhd( `fi {eyl sm gtcl egey`yemf mj yld

Qmg`f Sclmmh( yl`y {d slmthi ylefo yldg ym ad au smgd myldq g`sydq&

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{ldqd tfidq yld ieqdcyemf mj ` Jqdfclg`f( `fi au yld gmqd z`htàhd èi mj Adqfefm( ld jmqgdi legsdhj mf yld

syuhd mj yld kqd`y g`clefesys& @s ld {`s dfim{di au f`ytqd {eyl ` qdìu kdfets `fi ` id|ydqeyu mj l`fi( ld

cmthi fmy l`zd clmsdf `fu aq`fcl mj yld `qy gmqd ì`~ydi ym les y`hdfy& Yld z`thy mj yld Kdsõ es les gmsy

cmfs~ectmts {mqo& Yld ofm{hdikd mj yld smyym ef st( yld tfeyu( l`qgmfu( `fi cmqqdcy ~dqs~dcyezd mj eys

mabdcys( yld aqehhe`fcu `fi soehjth kqì`yemf mj yld hekly( q`fo ey `gmfk yld adsy( ej efiddi ey ad fmy les adsy

~ecytqd ef Qmgd& Ey gtsy( lm{dzdq( ad cmfjdssdi( yl`y {d gtsy efs~dcy ey {eyl `f dud ym yld kdfdq`h djjdcy(

q`yldq yl`f ym yld hmc`h yefys( mq yld iq`{efk mj yld jektqds( ef {lecl ld es fmy `h{ùs cmqqdcy& Les j`thys ef les

d`sdh ~ecytqds( {lecl `qd zdqu ftgdqmts ef Ey`hu `fi ef jmqdekf cmtfyqeds( `qd hdss mayqtsezd( `fi `qd

àtfi`fyhu `ymfdi jmq au yldeq s~eqey( jqdslfdss mj yefys( `fi dfk`kefk cmtfydf`fcds& Ld z`qeds les g`ffdq {eyl

les stabdcy( `ssekfefk ym d`cl ` ~dcthe`q syuhd& Yldqd es ` idheklyjth ~ecytqd ef les adsy g`ffdq( kq`cdjthhu~èfydi ef yld cltqcl mj S& Jq`fcdscm ` Qe~`( qd~qdsdfyefk yld Gìmff` {eyl yld iezefd Efj`fy ef ldq `qgs( `fi

`y ldq jddy S& @ff` ofddhefk( stqqmtfidi au @fkdhs& Ef ` kq`zd `fi ~`yldyec syuhd mf yld cmfyq`qu( es yld

qd~qdsdfy`yemf mj S& S`zdqem iuefk ef yld idsdqy esh`fi mj S`fce`fm( {lecl es ~h`cdi fd`q yld `hy`q mj S& @fiqd`

`y Gmfyd C`z`hhm& Les jektqds mj clehiqdf `qd zdqu dfk`kefk `fi leklhu jefesldi( ylmtkl `jydq yld g`ffdq mj

Je`ggefkm( gmqd jhdslu `fi hdss dhdk`fy yl`f ylmsd mj Yeye`f mq yld Kqddos& Ld ~èfydi sdzdf ~mfyejjs( `fi

g`fu ~dqsmfs mj q`fo mj les iù( `fi {`s cmfseidqdi yld jeqsy ~mqyqèy ~èfydq ef Qmgd& Ef yles aq`fcl mj les `qy

ld jmhhm{di ` ctsymg mj Adqfefm( yl`y mj dfk`kefk yld ~dqsmf ld ~èfydi ef `f `feg`ydi cmfzdqs`yemf( ef mqidq

ym mayèf yld gmsy syqeoefk d|~qdssemf mj {lecl yld stabdcy {`s stscd~yeahd&

Kemz`ffe Mi`rre( les jeqsy sclmh`q( {`s `gaeyemts mj dgth`yefk leg ef cdhdqeyu( aty fmy ~mssdssefk dpt`h y`hdfy(

ld iei fmy `yyèf yld s`gd iesyefcyemf& Ld es yld gmsy jddahd( mq `y `hh dzdfys( yld hd`sy dgefdfy mj yld ~èfydqsmj yld ~qm~ldys mj yld H`ydq`f( {ldqd les Lmsd` es ym ad sddf? `fi efiddi( ef dzdqu cmqfdq mj Qmgd( les

~ecytqds `qd ym ad gdy {eyl( `s ld fdzdq qdjtsdi `fu cmggessemf& ^`scmhe l`s ~qdsdqzdi yld gdgmqu mj `fmyldq

mj les sclmh`qs( ` f`yezd mj ^dqtke`( ef yld hezds mj yld ~èfydqs mj les f`yezd cmtfyqu& Yles {`s Jq`fcdscm

Cez`hhe( efeye`ydi ef yld `qy au @fiqd` C`qhmfd? ld {`s ` umtyl mj y`hdfy( aty eg~`yedfy mj efsyqtcyemf& Ld

~èfydi ef Qmgd `fi myldq ~h`cds( aty iei fmy ~`ss yld amtfis mj gdiemcqeyu& Yld C`z& Hmimzecm G`rr`fye(

{`s yld sclmh`q mj K`thhe( `fi dgth`ydi les g`ffdq ym yld adsy mj les àeheyu? aty les y`hdfys {dqd fmy

cmgg`fiefk( fmq {dqd les ~m{dqs dpt`h ym les `gaeyemf& Kem& A`yesy` Aqtkle( ` {mqodq ef gmsèc( q`yldq yl`f

` ~èfydq( hdjy fmy{eylsy`fiefk smgd ~tahec ~ecytqds ef Qmgd& Ld es c`hhdi ef yld Ktei` smgdyegds Aqtkle( `fi

smgdyegds Kem& A`yesy`( yld iesce~hd mj A`ceccem( {lecl gòds ey yldqd `~~d`q `s ej yldu lì addf iesyefcy

efiezeit`hs& E im fmy qdcmhhdcy `fu myldq `qyesy cmfyqeatydi au K`thhe ym yld Qmg`f Sclmmh&




Yld Fd`~mhey`f Sclmmh( {lecl {`s ef yld adkeffefk mj yles `kd st~~mqydi au Smhegdfd( sdfy smgd sclmh`qs ym

Qmgd( {lm ìm~ydi ` Qmg`f syuhd& Sda`sye`fm Cmfc` {`s yld jeqsy yl`y `qqezdi yldqd {eyl `f efydfyemf mj

sddefk ey( aty ld dsyàhesldi legsdhj yldqd( ymkdyldq {eyl Kemz`ffe( les aqmyldq( ym gdhemq`yd les syuhd mj idsekf&

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`fyeptd( `fi `jydq yld adsy gmidqf ~qmitcyemfs& Les l`fi( lm{dzdq( lì adcmgd yld sh`zd mj làey ef F`~hds(

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cmfseidqàhd eg~qmzdgdfys mf les d`qhu g`ffdq& Ld ~mssdssdi ` jdqyehd efzdfyemf( kqd`y j`ceheyu mj d|dctyemf(

`fi ` cmhmtq {lecl dfcl`fydi au eys htceifdss( eys cmfyq`sy( `fi yld idhec`cu mj yld jhdsl yefys& Ey es yqtd( yl`y mf

d|`gef`yemf {d jefi yl`y ld {`s fmy ef qd`heyu ` ~qmjmtfi cmhmtqesy( `fi yl`y ym mayèf ` kq`fidtq mj ymfd( ld

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cmg~mseyemf yl`y gù ad c`hhdi les m{f( `fi {lecl sdqzdi `s `f d|`g~hd ym g`fu mj yld g`clefesys& Ld {`s

efidj`yekàhd ymm ef ~èfyefk jmq ~qez`yd efiezeit`hs( `fi ef yld sy`yds mj yld cltqcl yldqd es sc`qcdhu `

cmhhdcyemf {eylmty eys Cmfc`& Les gmsy sytiedi( jefesldi( `fi ad`tyejth {mqo es yld ^qma`yec` `y yld lms~ey`h mj

Sedf`& Mj kqd`y gdqey ef Qmgd es yld @sstg~yemf `y S& G`qyef`( `fi yld Bmf`l `gmfk yld ~qm~ldys ef yld S&

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Dgehe`fm `y Zdhhdyqe& Kemz`ffe( les aqmyldq( `ssesydi Sda`sye`fm ef les cmggessemfs( lì `f dpt`h j`ceheyu( `

segeh`q y`syd( ylmtkl hdss ad`tyejth ef les ldìs( `fi mj fmy sm jefd ` ~dfceh& Ld sld{di kqd`y y`hdfy ef cm~uefk

yld ~ecytqds mj yld adsy g`sydqs& Ef yld cltqcl mj yld Imgdfec`fs mj Tqaefm `qd yld cm~eds {lecl ld gìd mj

jmtq ~ecytqds ym ad d|dctydi ef gmsèc? yldu {dqd au Gtre`fe( Ktdqcefm( H`fjq`fcm( `fi Qmg`fdhhe& Cmfc` es

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sclmmh( `s {d l`zd sddf( lì {eylef eysdhj yld sddis mj eys m{f idsyqtcyemf( {eylmty sddoefk jmq ey dhsd{ldqd& Ey

es yqtd( efiddi( yl`y smgd mj les sclmh`qs efldqeydi les j`ceheyu `fi les cmhmtqefk( `fi hdjy g`fu efbtqemts

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~qefce~hds mj idsekf {ldf ld c`gd ym sytiu tfidq Cmfc`& Ld {`s ` ~èfydq mj `f mqekef`h y`syd( `s Qmsse

idscqeads( fmy zdqu s~eqeydi( aty cmqqdcy& G`fu mj les {mqos `qd jmtfi ef yld cltqclds mj les f`yezd ~h`cd( `fi

ef yld Itmgm `qd y{m leklhu ~qerdi ~edcds mf d`cl seid yld `hy`q( ` St~~dq mj mtq Hmqi( `fi ` F`yezeyu& Ef yld

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cmg~mseyemf mj ` Gìmff` mj ` kq`cdjth jmqg( `yydfidi au Sèfys ef yld `cy mj ìmqefk ldq `fi yld Lmhu Efj`fy&

[d jefi smgd mj les {mqos `hsm ef ^dqtke` `fi dhsd{ldqd& Yld ^qefcd Amqkldsd( ef Qmgd( l`s ` Aeqyl mj

Zdfts au leg( ~èfydi mf ` cdehefk( {eyl ` cmqqdcyfdss mj idsekf( `fi ` kq`cd st~dqemq ym `fu ylefk yl`y

qdgèfs mj leg( `fi fm mfd c`f btsyhu `~~qdce`yd les y`hdfys( {lm l`s fmy sddf yles {mqo& Ey slmthi sddg( yl`y `

yegeieyu `fi iejjeidfcd mj les m{f ~m{dqs( ~qdzdfydi les `yyèfefk yl`y lekl sy`yemf {lecl les kdfets sddgdi

ym l`zd efydfidi jmq leg& S`hz`ymq Gmfmsehem( {lm qdseidi gtcl ef Qmgd( {`s mj Gdssef`( `fi yqmi chmsdhu efyld jmmysyd~s mj les g`sydq& Ef ` cl`~dh mj S& ^`mhefm idhh` Qdkmh`( {ldqd C`h`fiqtcce jtqfesldi yld `hy`q~edcd(

ld ~èfydi yld z`thy ef jqdscm? `fi myldqs mj les {mqos `qd ym ad sddf `y yld S& S& Pt`q`fy`( `fi `y yld cltqcl mj

yld ^mh`ccle& Ef êcdfm( {ldqd Cmfc` {`s ef kqd`y qd~ty`yemf( Gmfmsehem {`s ldhi ef lekl dsyddg( `fi {`s

dg~hmudi amyl ef ~tahec `fi ef ~qez`yd& @y S& Kefdsem es ` S& A`qfà`s au leg( ef yld cltqcl mj yl`y sèfy(

{lecl ef yld Gdgmqed sm mjydf ptmydi au ts( es idsekf`ydi `s `f d|cdhhdfy {mqo& Cmfc` ditc`ydi `fmyldq

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Qmgd( `fi ~èfydi ef yld cltqcl mj S& Ydqds`( ef cmg~dyeyemf {eyl yld @a`yd ^dqmfe mj ^`qg`& Mf les qdytqf ym

^`hdqgm ld adc`gd ` cdhdaq`ydi g`sydq( `fi adseids les meh ~ecytqds ld d|dctydi smgd z`sy {mqos ef jqdscm(

~`qyecth`qhu yld ct~mh` mj yld Kdsõ( `fi yld cl`~dh mj yld gmf`sydqu mj C`qeyî&

Kqdkmqem Ktkhedhge( ` Qmg`f( es fmy gtcl ofm{f ef les f`yezd ~h`cd( `hylmtkl les jqdscm ~ecytqds ef yld




lms~ey`h mj yld S& S~eqeym ef S`sse`( efyeyhd leg ym ad ftgadqdi `gmfksy yld gmsy dgefdfy umtfk `qyesys {lm

~èfydi ef Qmgd ef yld ~mfyejec`yd mj Adfdiecy \EZ& Ld hdjy Qmgd d`qhu `fi {dfy ym Ytqef( {ldqd( ef yld

cltqcl mj S& S& Smhtymqd d Cmg~& es ` sg`hh ~ecytqd mj yld Ytydh`q Sèfys& Ld {`s `jydq{`qis ef Iqdsidf(

Zedff`( `fi Sy& ^dydqsatqkl( {ldqd ld ~èfydi ef jqdscm {eyl gtcl `~~h`tsd( jmq yld qds~dcyezd smzdqdekfs mj

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{lecl( heod H`~es( ld sddgdi ym l`zd c`qqedi jqmg smgd myldq sclmmh efym yl`y mj Cmfc`& @gmfk les gmsy

dsyddgdi {mqos es ` cdehefk( ~èfydi ef yld tfezdqseyu mj Zedff`( `fi `fmyldq ef yld eg~dqe`h ~`h`cd `ySclmdfaqtff& Ld iei fmy stccddi sm {dhh ef mehs( ef {lecl les djjmqys `qd gmsyhu jddahd? ` ~qmmj yl`y ld

adhmfks gmqd ym yld sclmmh mj Cmfc` yl`f yl`y mj Yqdzes`fe( ym {lecl smgd l`zd `ssekfdi leg&

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cmqqdcy `fi gmqd mj ` g`ffdqesy( `fi {`s `cctsymgdi ym qd~d`y legsdhj ef yld cmtfydf`fcds mj les clehiqdf(

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`fi myldq ~h`cds& Ld {dfy `jydq{`qis ym êdigmfy( `s {d sl`hh gdfyemf `y yld ~qm~dq yegd? yldf ym S~èf(

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Yld ~tahec y`syd ef S~èf( {lecl lì jmq ` hmfk yegd qdyèfdi yld ~qefce~hds mj yld sclmmh jmtfidi au Yeye`f(

lì addf cl`fkdi {eylef ` jd{ ud`qs& Htc` Kemqi`fm {`s adcmgd yld j`zmqeyd( `fi yldu ìgeqdi les s~eqey( les

jqddimg( `fi les ids~`ycl? pt`heyeds {lecl {dqd cmgaefdi ef Cmqqìm& Yles ~`qye`heyu h`sydi dzdf `jydq Gdfks

lì efyqmitcdi les syuhd( {lecl ef cmfsdptdfcd `~~d`qdi `y jeqsy gd`kqd `fi cmhi ym g`fu mj yld g`sydqs `fi

cmffmessdtqs mj yld iù( {ldf cmg~`qdi {eyl yl`y mj Htc` Kemqi`fm? tfyeh ~qdbtiecd yldqd( `s ef Ey`hu(

thyeg`ydhu uedhidi ym yqtyl&

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Yld Lesymqu mj ̂ èfyefk ef Ey`hu( Zmh& 1 au Hteke @fymfem H`fre 0>>



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`fi slìm{s( {ldf qdpteseyd&

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`fi qd~d`ydi efs~dcyemf&

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~ecytqds( {lecl {dqd d|dctydi ef Qmgd( `fi yq`fsjdqqdi ym yl`y cltqcl&

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gekly sddg efzeiemts& [d gù ad `hhm{di( lm{dzdq( ym masdqzd yl`y yld eg~qmzdgdfy {lecl l`s yòdf ~h`cd

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yld idchefd mj yld `qy {`s fmy {eylmty cmffmessdtqs `fi `qyesys mj yld jeqsy gdqey& ^mssdssefk ef eysdhj yld adsy

smtqcds mj y`syd ef sm g`fu s~dcegdfs mj Kqdce`f scth~ytqd( `fi sm g`fu {mqos mj Q`jj`dhhm( ey es yldqd `h{ùs

d`su ym btikd lm{ fd`q yld `qyesys `~~qm`cl ym( `fi lm{ j`q yldu qdcdid jqmg( yldeq kqd`y ~qmymyu~ds mj `qy&

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gmqd ym qd`smf? sm yl`y yldqd c`f ad fm àtsd mj yles tsdjth ~qefce~hd& Yld {mqos ymm mj [efcodhg`ff `fi

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mj ~èfyefk gù ad gmqd ìz`fy`kdmtshu sytiedi jqmg yld z`htàhd dfkq`zefks {lecl l`zd addf ~tahesldi(

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_Jmmyfmyd <<2 Yles `qyesy lì ~èfydi mfd mj yld y{m h`ydq`hs mj yld cl`~dh( `ssdqyefk yl`y yldqd {`s fm `qyesy

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d|dctyemfdq {eyl les duds je|di mf `fi idqeiefk yld ~ecytqd mj Gtq`ymqe&W

_Jmmyfmyd <52 Sdd Gdgmqed ~dq hd Adhhd @qye( ymg& ee& ~& 034( {ldqd Sek& Ke`fkldq`qim id+ Qmsse kezds `f

`ccmtfy mj yles `qyesy( idqezdi ~qefce~`hhu jqmg efjmqg`yemf jtqfesldi au Sek& C`z& ^tccefe( {lm l`s addf

mcc`semf`hhu gdfyemfdi {eyl `~~qma`yemf ef yld jeqsy zmhtgd mj yles {mqo&W

_Jmmyfmyd 5>2 Jq`fcdscm @~~e`fe( mj @fcmf`( ` sclmh`q mj G`k`yy`( `fi fmy hmfk sefcd idcd`sdi( iei fmy jefi `

~h`cd ef gu jmqgdq dieyemf( aty es jthhu dfyeyhdi ym mfd ef yles& Ld sytiedi ` cmfseidqàhd yegd ef Qmgd( {lehsy

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,~`qyecth`qhu mj yld h`yydq%( {`s dfàhdi ym jmqg `f `kqddàhd syuhd( mj {lecl ld yldqd hdjy ` s~dcegdf `y S& Sesym

Zdcclem& Ey es yld id`yl mj S& Imgdfecm( ~èfydi ef jqdscm( au mqidq mj Adfdiecy \EEE& {lm qdgtfdq`ydi leg

{eyl ` kmhi gdi`h& Ld {dfy `jydq{`qis ym ^dqtke`( {ldqd ld {`s ~qdsdfydi {eyl yld jqddimg mj yld ceyu( `fi

cmfyeftdi les hàmtqs yldqd {eyl tfà`ydi `qimtq( tfyeh fefdyu ud`qs mj `kd( `f efsy`fcd mj zekmtq tfd|`g~hdi(

d|cd~y ef yld c`sd mj Yeye`f& ^dqtke` àmtfis {eyl les ~èfyefks mj `hh oefis( `fi les adsy {mqos `qd ym ad jmtfi

ef yld cltqclds mj S& êdyqm id+ C`ssefdfse( S& Ylmg`s( `fi Gmfyd Cmqmf`& Ld `hsm idcmq`ydi yld cltqcl mj S&

Jq`fces( `fi yld z`thy mj yld c`yldiq`h( {ldqd ld qez`hhdi yld jqddimg mj syuhd `fi cmg~mseyemf mj C`qhmfe&

Amyl ld legsdhj( `fi mfd mj les ~ecytqds( ~h`cdi ef ` cltqcl mj G`s`ccem( `qd dthmkesdi ef yld @fyecl& êcdfd,ymg& ||& ~& 045%& Ld ~èfydi g`fu ~ecytqds `hsm jmq Dfkh`fi&W

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ud`q yldu {dqd qd~tahesldi ef Qmgd( {eyl yld qdg`qos mj yld Sek& @zzmc`ym Jd`( ef mfd zmh& 9ym& `fi 1 zmhs&

<zm& Yld gmsy cdhdaq`ydi yqd`yesd mj Gdfks es yld Qejhdssemfe sm~q` e yqd kq`f ~eyymqe( Q`jj`dhhm( Yere`fm( d

Cmqdkkem( d sm~q` khe `fyecle& Mf yld hejd `fi syuhd mj Cmqdkkem ld {qmyd ` sd~`q`yd ~`~dq( {lecl {`s

`jydq{`qis yld stabdcy mj ` cmfyqmzdqsu? jmq `s( `y yld chmsd mj yld ud`q 0;<0( `~~d`qdi yld Fmyered symqecld idh

Cmqdkkem mj Q`yye( `ccmg~`fedi au ` hdyydq jqmg Gdfks( i`ydi Gìqei( 0;;9( ef {lecl ld dfyqd`ys Q`yye ym

cmhhdcy `fi ~tahesl yldg( Q`yye {`s au sdzdq`h {qeydqs `cctsdi mj ~h`ke`qesg( `fi mj l`zefk dfid`zmtqdi( au `

cl`fkd mj syuhd `fi yld ìieyemf mj smgd yqejhefk g`yydq( ym `~~qm~qe`yd ym legsdhj {l`y ef qd`heyu adhmfkdi ym

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_Jmmyfmyd 512 Ef yld Iejds` idh Q`yye( `cctsdi id qd~dytfies( yles zdqu mazemts cmfyqìecyemf es ìitcdi `s `

~qmmj yl`y yld Gdgmqed {dqd qd`hhu cmg~msdi au yl`y `tylmq& Ey es yldqd `ssdqydi yl`y ld {qmyd yldg ef ` chd`q

`fi seg~hd syuhd( `fi yldf cmggtfec`ydi yldg ym Gdfks( mf {lmsd id`yl yldu {dqd jmtfi `gmfk les

{qeyefks( `fi ~tahesldi `s les& Smgd myldq ylefks `qd efiddi sèi( yl`y im fmy j`zmtq yld c`tsd mj Q`yye? `s yl`y

{ldf ld {`s ef ^`qg` ld cmfsthydi Gdfks mf {l`y ld slmthi sù mj yld {mqos mj Cmqdkkem ef yl`y ceyu( `fi `s

ld cmthi fmy sdd ylmsd ef Iqdsidf( ld lì jqmg leg ` geftyd `ccmtfy mj yldg? `fi `hsm yl`y Gdfks {`s

`cctsymgdi ym ìi qdg`qos ym yld GS& mf {lecl les jqedfis cmfsthydi leg& Ej( yldqdjmqd( ey ad cmfcdidi yl`y

Gdfks lì stcl ` sl`qd ef yles GS& ,{lecl {mthi `~~d`q ym l`zd addf iq`{f t~ au yld sclmh`q tfidq yld

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es itd ym Gdfks=W

_Jmmyfmyd 532 Yles ~ecytqd es mfd mj yld gmsy jefesldi cmg~mseyemfs sefcd yld qdsymq`yemf mj `qy& D`cl gtsd es

yldqd qd~qdsdfydi {eyl ldq ~dcthe`q `yyqeatyd( `s idqezdi jqmg `fyepteyu? `fi yld `qyesy es idsdqzdihu dthmkerdi

au yld Sek& @a& Zescmfye( ef yld cdhdaq`ydi Gtsdm êm Chdgdfyefm( ymg& e& ~& 4;&W

_Jmmyfmyd 592 Yles dgefdfy g`f {`s fmy {eylmty les dfdgeds `fi c`htgfe`ymqs( d|ceydi au les cqeyecesgs mf

yld kqd`y g`sydqs( `fi syehh gmqd au les `fegìzdqsemfs mf `qyesys mj efjdqemq j`gd( `fi smgd qdcdfyhu

idcd`sdi& Ctgadqh`fi {qmyd `kèfsy leg {eyl g`fejdsy ~qdbtiecd? `fi yld `fmfugmts `tylmq mj yld Iejds` idh

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cmfydg~ytmts g`ffdq& Ld ~`qyecth`qhu ptdsyemfs les heydq`qu cl`q`cydq `fi les iescdqfgdfy( `fi `scqeads ym les

cmfjeidfye`h jqedfi( [efcodhg`ff( yld gdqey mj les qdg`qos& Ef ~mefy mj `qy ld dsyeg`yds Gdfks `s `f d|cdhhdfy(

aty au fm gd`fs `f tfqez`hhdi ~èfydq& Idscdfiefk ym ~`qyecth`qs( ld ~taheslds fmy ` jd{ cqeyecesgs( {lecl ld

qdcdezdi deyldq ef GS& mq jqmg yld gmtyls mj iejjdqdfy ~qmjdssmqs( `fi ìis myldqs mj les m{f& Mj yldsd yld

d|~dqedfcdi gtsy jmqg yldeq m{f btikgdfy& [eyl qdk`qi ym les cmhmtqefk( efiddi( {eyl {lecl les qez`h A`ymfe

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`hqdìu `hydqdi au yegd( `y hd`sy ef smgd mj les {mqos& H`syhu( ef yld Iejds` `qd smgd ~dqsmf`h qdg`qos

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_Jmmyfmyd 542 Sdd yld Dhmkem ie ^mg~dm A`ymfe( ~`kd ::( {ldqd yld ehhtsyqemts `tylmq( {lm( ym les myldq

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y`hdfy mj A`ymfe&W

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sm g`fu dgefdfy `qyesys( es `f tfidqyòefk yl`y idsdqzds ym ad eggmqy`herdi ef yld lesymqu mj `qy&W

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gù ad sèi ym l`zd addf qdzezdi au yld Sek& @a& Qdptdfm& Ey {`s `hsm kqd`yhu eg~qmzdi ef yld sclmmh mj Qmgd( {ldqd ef 0;<< `f dfyeqd càefdy {`s ~èfydi ef df`gdh jmq yld dg~qdss mj Qtsse`( `s {`s ~tahechu

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`ffteyu jmq hejd&W

AMMO EZ&

FD@^MHEY@F SCLMMH&

JEQSY D^MCL&

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yldsd ~ecytqds {dqd qd`hhu ef meh mq fmy& R`fdyye ,^& Z& ~& 1>% `hsm qdg`qos( yl`y ey es d|yqdgdhu iejjecthy ym ~`ss `

idceidi btikgdfy mf {mqos mj yles oefi( `fi E l`zd gìd yld s`gd masdqz`yemf {eyl qds~dcy ym Z`f Duco(

{lecl {ehh E lm~d( cmfzefcd dzdqu qdìdq {lm {ehh ad `y yld yqmtahd ym qdjdq ym zmh& e& ~& <;& @fi tfhdss yl`y lì

addf yld c`sd( lm{ l`~~dfdi ey yl`y `hh Dtqm~d {`s jehhdi {eyl yld f`gd mj Z`f Duco ef yld cmtqsd mj ` jd{

ud`qs? yl`y dzdqu ~èfydq q`f ym leg? yl`y les {mqos {dqd cmzdydi au ~qefcds( `fi yl`y yldu {lm cmthi fmy

mayèf yldg( ~qmctqdi yld {mqos mj les sclmh`qs( `fi myldqs yld {mqos mj @tssd( Tkm i+@fzdqs`( `fi

@fymfdhhm? `fi mj Qtkkedqe ds~dce`hhu( mj {lmsd kqd`y j`gd ef Ey`hu {d sl`hh ef `fmyldq ~h`cd ìitcd yld

imctgdfys&_0>1W Mf yld myldq l`fi( {lm( adumfi F`~hds `fi eys ydqqeymqu( lì `y yl`y yegd ld`qi mj

Cmh`fymfem= [lm dzdq smtkly {eyl stcl d`kdqfdss yld {mqos mj Smh`qem= @fi ej yles h`sy {`s yld sclmh`q `fismf'ef'h`{ mj ` g`sydq {lm ~èfydi sm {dhh ef meh( lm{ l`~~dfdi ey yl`y ld {`s fdeyldq iesyefktesldi ef yld `qy(

fmq dzdf `cpteqdi ey= [lu iei ld legsdhj `fi les sclmh`qs {mqo ef iesydg~dq= [lu iei yld Secehe`fs( `s {d

l`zd sddf( ~`ss mzdq ym Zdfecd( {ldqd @fymfdhhm qdseidi( ym efsyqtcy yldgsdhzds( `fi fmy cmfjefd yldgsdhzds ym

F`~hds= [lu iei yld {lmhd sclmmh mj Zdfecd( yld dg~mqetg mj Dtqm~d( `fi c`~àhd mj cmfyqìecyefk `fu j`hsd

qd~mqy( `yydsy( mf yld id`yl mj @fymfdhhm( yl`y ld {`s yld jeqsy yl`y ~èfydi ef meh ef Ey`hu( `fi fm mfd m~~msdi ym

leg deyldq Smh`qem mq Cmh`fymfem=_0>3W Yldu deyldq cmthi fmy `y yl`y yegd l`zd addf `cptèfydi {eyl yles

iescmzdqu( mq iei fmy ofm{ ey ym `f d|ydfy yl`y c`f cmfyqìecy Z`s`qe( `fi yld ~qdzèhefk m~efemfs qds~dcyefk

@fymfdhhm& Imgefece l`s ìz`fcdi gmqd mf yles ~mefy yl`f `fu myldq ~dqsmf( `ssdqyefk yl`y yles `qy {`s

iescmzdqdi ef F`~hds( `fi {`s c`qqedi jqmg yldfcd ym Jh`fidqs au Z`f Duco legsdhj( ym {lecl st~~mseyemf(

`jydq yld masdqz`yemfs `hqdìu gìd( E iddg ey st~dqjhtmts ym qd~hu&_0>9W




[d sl`hh fm{ qdytqf ym yld sclmh`qs mj Smh`qem( {lm {dqd zdqu ftgdqmts& @gmfksy yldg {`s ` Feccmh` ie

Zeym( {lm gù ad c`hhdi yld Atjj`hg`ccm mj yles sclmmh( jmq les sefkth`q ltgmtq `fi les dccdfyqec efzdfyemf(

ylmtkl ef myldq qds~dcys ld {`s `f efjdqemq `qyesy( `fi heyyhd idsdqzefk cmggdgmq`yemf& Segmfd ^`~` iei fmy

~èfy `fu h`qkd cmg~mseyemf ef {lecl ld gekly ad cmg~`qdi ym les g`sydq? ld cmfjefdi legsdhj ym `hy`q~edcds(

{eyl jd{ jektqds kqmt~di ef ` ~hd`sefk syuhd( `fi jefesldi {eyl d|pteseyd c`qd? sm yl`y ld smgdyegds dpt`hhdi

Refk`qm( `s ef ` S& Gecldhd( ~èfydi jmq S& G`qe` Ftmz`& Mj yld s`gd ch`ss sddgs ym l`zd addf @fkemhehhm ie

Qmccìeq`gd( {lm ef yld cltqcl mj S& Aqeikdy( ~èfydi yl`y sèfy cmfydg~h`yefk ef ` zesemf yld aeqyl mj Clqesy?` ~ecytqd {lecl dzdf {eyl yld d|~dqedfcdi( gekly ~`ss jmq yld {mqo mj les g`sydq& Gmqd cdhdaq`ydi `fi gmqd

idsdqzefk mj fmyecd( `qd êdyqm `fi ^mheym ,E~~mheym% idh Imfrdhhm( smfs'ef'h`{ mj @fkemhm Jq`fcm( `fi qdh`yezds

mj yld cdhdaq`ydi `qcleydcy Kethe`fm i` Gè`fm( au {lmg yldu {dqd efsyqtcydi ef yl`y `qy& Z`s`qe gdfyemfs

yldg `s yld jeqsy ~èfydqs mj yld Fd`~mhey`f sclmmh( aty imds fmy kezd `fu `ccmtfy mj yldeq g`sydq( mq mj {l`y

sclmmh yldu {dqd f`yezds( `fi ld {qeyds ef ` {ù yl`y gekly hdì yld qdìdq ym adhedzd yl`y yldu {dqd Ytsc`fs&

Ld sùs yl`y Kethe`fm( l`zefk jefesldi yld ~`h`cd mj ^mkkem Qd`hd jmq Oefk Qmadqy( yld gmf`qcl dfk`kdi yld

y{m aqmyldqs ym idcmq`yd ey( `fi yl`y jeqsy Kethe`fm iuefk( `fi yld oefk `jydq{`qis( ^mheym qdytqfdi ym

Jhmqdfcd&_0>4W Amyy`qe masdqzds( yl`y ld iei fmy jefi yld y{m Imfrdhhe gdfyemfdi au Mqh`fie( fmq au `fu mfd

dhsd? ` chd`q ~qmmj yl`y ld iei fmy legsdhj cmfseidq yldg f`yezds mj F`~hds( `fi mf yl`y `ccmtfy ld iei fmy hmmo

jmq yldg ef Adqf`qim Imgefece( {lm l`s {qeyydf `y hdfkyl t~mf yldg( cmg~hèfefk mj yld fdkhekdfcd mq

efìzdqydfy dqqmq mj Z`s`qe&

Yld ~ecytqds mj yld y{m aqmyldqs {dqd ~èfydi( `ccmqiefk ym Z`s`qe( àmty yld ud`q 099;& Aty `s ld efjmqgs ts

yl`y ^mheym iei fmy hd`zd F`~hds tfyeh yld id`yl mj @hjmfsm( yles d~mcl slmthi ad d|ydfidi ym 09:3( mq adumfi?

`s ld qdgèfdi jmq ` ud`q hmfkdq( mq yldqdàmtys( tfidq yld qdekf mj Jdqief`fi( yld smf `fi stccdssmq mj

@hjmfsm& Ld ~èfydi jmq yl`y gmf`qcl smgd h`qkd cmg~mseyemfs ef yld qdjdcymqu mj S& G`qe` Ftmz`( ~`qyhu

`hmfd `fi ~`qyhu ef cmfbtfcyemf {eyl les aqmyldq( `fi amyl aqmyldqs cmgaefdi ef idcmq`yefk jmq yld oefk ` ~`qy

mj yld ~`h`cd mj ^mkkem Qd`hd& [d gù ldqd {eyl ~qm~qedyu `hsm gdfyemf( yl`y yldu ~èfydi ef mfd mj yld qmmgs

yld cmfs~eq`cu `kèfsy Jdqief`fi( {lecl adefk sddf au B`cm~m S`ff`rr`qm( k`zd mcc`semf ym les {qeyefk `

smffdy( yld 90sy ef yld sdcmfi ~`qy mj les Qegd& Yldeq syuhd qdsdgahds yl`y mj yldeq g`sydq( d|cd~y yl`y yldeq

cmhmtqefk es smjydq& Yldu iesyefktesldi yldgsdhzds `hsm ef yldeq `qcleydcytq`h mqf`gdfys( `fi ef yld ~èfyefk mj

jqedrds `fi yqm~leds( `fi stabdcys ef cle`qmsctqm( ef yld g`ffdq mj a`sseqehedze( `f `qy {lecl E `g fmy `{`qd

yl`y `fu mfd ~q`cyesdi adjmqd yldg& Yld umtfkdq aqmyldq hd`zefk F`~hds `fi iuefk smmf `jydq{`qis( êdyqmqdgèfdi dg~hmudi ef yl`y ceyu( {ldqd ld `fi les sclmh`qs `cpteqdi ` kqd`y qd~ty`yemf au yldeq ~èfyefks ef meh

`fi jqdscm& Yld ~mqyqèys mj êdyqm lì `hh yld jmqcd mj f`ytqd( `fi ey es fmy hmfk sefcd( yl`y mf yld idsyqtcyemf mj

smgd mj les ~ecytqds mf ` {`hh ef yld ~`h`cd mj yld Itods mj G`y`hmf`( smgd ldìs {dqd qdgmzdi {eyl yld

kqd`ydsy c`qd( `fi ~qdsdqzdi jmq yldeq d|cdhhdfcd&

[d gù fm{ fmyecd Sehzdsyqm id+ Atmfe( {lm {`s ~h`cdi au les j`yldq ef yld sclmmh mj Refk`qm( `fi mf les

id`yl `yy`cldi legsdhj ym yld Imfrdhhe& Les j`yldq {`s `f efiejjdqdfy ~èfydq( mj yld f`gd mj Atmfm( `fi jqmg

yl`y l`s `qesdf yld gesyòd mj smgd ~dqsmfs( {lm l`zd `scqeadi ym yld smf smgd {mqos mj yld j`yldq ef `f mhi

syuhd( `fi tf{mqylu yld qd~ty`yemf mj Sehzdsyqm& Yles `qyesy( ef yld m~efemf mj yld C`z& G`ssegm( lì ` jefdq

cmhmtqefk `fi ` st~dqemq kdfdq`h djjdcy ym yld Imfrdhhe? `fi ef yld jmqcd mj les cle`qmsctqm( `fi ef yld idhec`cu

mj les cmfymtqs( j`q stq~`ssdi `hh yld ~èfydqs mj les cmtfyqu {lm lì hezdi ym yl`y yegd& Imgefece qdjdqs ymg`fu mj les ~ecytqds ef yld z`qemts cltqclds mj F`~hds& Mfd mj yld gmsy cdhdaq`ydi es yl`y mj S& Kemz`ffe `

G`qd( ef {lecl ld efchtidi ylqdd sèfys( `hh mj yld s`gd f`gd( S& Bmlf yld A`~yesy( yld Dz`fkdhesy( `fi S&

Clqusmsymg&

Sehzdsyqm es sèi ym l`zd lì ` iesce~hd ef Yds`tqm( {lmsd Clqesye`f f`gd l`s fmy addf cmqqdcyhu l`fidi im{f

ym ts? aty ld es kdfdq`hhu c`hhdi Adqf`qim& Ld es st~~msdi ym l`zd addf mj ` ~èfydq+s j`gehu( `fi idscdfidi

jqmg yl`y Jehe~~m {lm es cmggdgmq`ydi `s yld sdcmfi mj yles sclmmh( `fi j`yldq mq tfchd mj Qègm( {lmg {d

sl`hh smmf fmyecd& Yles Adqf`qim( mq {l`ydzdq les f`gd gù l`zd addf( gìd fd`qdq `~~qm`clds ym yld gmidqf

syuhd yl`f `fu mj yld ~qdcdiefk `qyesys? gmqd btiecemts ef les efzdfyemf( gmqd f`ytq`h ef les jektqds `fi iq`~dqu?

sdhdcy( d|~qdssezd( l`qgmferdi( `fi ies~hùefk ` ofm{hdikd ef kqì`yemf `fi qdhedj( adumfi {l`y cmthi ad

d|~dcydi ef ` ~èfydq {lm es fmy ofm{f ym l`zd addf `cptèfydi {eyl `fu myldq sclmmhs( mq sddf `fu ~ecytqds




adumfi ylmsd mj les m{f cmtfyqu& Htc` Kemqi`fm( `y ` yegd {ldf ld {`s cmfseidqdi yld Cmqu~lêts mj

~èfyefk( {`s syqtco {eyl `symfeslgdfy `y yld ~èfyefk mj ` Smjjeyym au Yds`tqm `y S& Kemz`ffe id+ ^`~~`cmie(

`fi iei fmy ldsey`yd ym idch`qd yl`y yldqd {dqd ~`qys ef ey( {lecl ef `f `kd sm jqteyjth ef jefd {mqos( fm mfd

cmthi l`zd stq~`ssdi& Ey qd~qdsdfys yld Sdzdf S`cq`gdfys& Yld geftyd idscqe~yemf {lecl yld lesymqe`f kezds mj

ey( sld{s ts {l`y smaqedyu `fi btikgdfy yldqd {dqd ef les cmg~mseyemf? `fi yld ~mqyqèys mj @hjmfsm EE& `fi

E~~mhey` Sjmqr`( {lmsd ds~mts`hs ld qd~qdsdfydi ef yld S`cq`gdfy mj G`qqe`kd( `jjmqi ts smgd hekly jmq je|efk

yld i`yd mj yles ~ecytqd& Qègm Yds`tqm {`s zdqu gtcl dg~hmudi ef {mqos ef jqdscm& Smgd ~ecytqds au leg `qd`hsm gdfyemfdi ef S& G`qe` Ftmz`( `fi ef Gmfyd Zdqkefd? ~ecytqds( sùs yld C`z& G`ssegm( zdqu sytiedi `fi

~dqjdcy( `ccmqiefk ym yld h`ydsy sclmmhs stccddiefk mtq Refk`qm&

Ym yld s`gd sclmmhs Kem& @fymfem i+@g`ym m{di les jeqsy efsyqtcyemfs? aty ey es sèi( yl`y {ldf ld s`{ yld

~ecytqds {lecl êdyqm ^dqtkefm lì ~èfydi jmq yld Itmgm mj F`~hds( ld adc`gd `gaeyemts mj dgth`yefk yld

syuhd mj yl`y g`sydq& Au iehekdfcd( ef {lecl ld {`s sdcmfi ym fmfd( ld `~~qm`cldi( `s mfd gù sù( yld

cmfjefds mj gmidqf `qy? `fi iedi `y `f ìz`fcdi ~dqemi mj yld se|yddfyl cdfytqu& Ld es leklhu d|ymhhdi jmq les

Ies~tyd mj yld S`cq`gdfy( ~èfydi jmq yld Gdyqm~mhey`f cltqcl( `fi jmq y{m myldq ~ecytqds ~h`cdi ef yld Amqkm

ie Cleè`( yld mfd `y yld C`qgefd( yld myldq `y S& Hdmf`qim& @fi ldqd {d gù chmsd mtq `ccmtfy mj yld d`qhu

~èfydqs( sc`fyu efiddi( aty syehh cm~emts jmq ` ceyu l`q`ssdi au efcdss`fy lmsyeheyeds&_0>:W

_Jmmyfmyd 5<2 Ef yld Gtsdm mj yld Sek& I& Jq`fc& I`fedhd( `qd smgd aeqis( fmy efjdqemq ym yld imzds mj Jtqedyye&W

_Jmmyfmyd 552 E ìm~y yles gmid adc`tsd heyyhd l`s leyldqym addf ~tahesldi mf yld Secehe`f Sclmmh( `s yld Sek&

L`codqy masdqzds ef les Gdgmqed id+ êyymqe Gdssefdse& E lì fmy sddf yl`y ammo {ldf E ~tahesldi yld jmqgdq

dieyemf mj yld ~qdsdfy {mqo( `fi E {`s yldf idseqmts yl`y yld gdgmeqs mj yld Secehe`f ~èfydqs slmthi ad

cmhhdcydi ymkdyldq `fi kezdf ym yld ~tahec& E qdbmecd yl`y {d l`zd lì gdgmeqs ~qdsdfydi ym ts mj ylmsd mj

Gdssef`( `fi yl`y {d sl`hh `hsm l`zd ylmsd mj yld Suq`cts`fs `fi myldqs( `s yld {mqylu ~qmjdssmq kezds ts

qd`smf ym lm~d ef yld ~qdj`cd ym yld Gdgmqed adjmqd gdfyemfdi( {lecl {dqd {qeyydf au `f `fmfugmts {qeydq(

`fi ~tahesldi au Sek& L`codqy {eyl les m{f qdg`qos&W

_Jmmyfmyd 0>>2 Yld lesymqu mj yld `qy ef Gdssef` dftgdq`yds ` sdqeds mj ~ecytqds jqmg yld ud`q 01:;( mj {lecl

~dqemi es yld S& ^h`ceim mj yld c`yldiq`h( ~èfydi au `f @fymfem i+@fymfem& Ey es st~~msdi yl`y yles es ` j`gehumj ~èfydqs( {lecl lì yld stqf`gd mj @fymfb( `fi yl`y g`fu ~ecytqds ef S& Jq`fcdscm( S& @ff`( `fi dhsd{ldqd(

`qd au iejjdqdfy @fymfb( tfyeh {d cmgd ym S`hz`ymqd ie @fymfem( j`yldq mj yld cdhdaq`ydi @fymfdhhm ie Gdssef`(

`fi legsdhj ` g`sydq? `fi yldqd qdgèfs au leg ` S& Jq`fces ef yld `cy mj qdcdezefk yld Syekg`y`( ef yld cltqcl

mj les f`gd& Ylts yld kdfd`hmku mj yles @fymfdhhm es c`qqedi ym yld adjmqd gdfyemfdi @fymfem ie @fymfem( `fi

syehh jtqyldq au ` {qeydq c`hhdi eh Gef`cce`ym ,L`co& ~& 00%( `hylmtkl @fymfem fdzdq( ym gu ofm{hdikd(

stascqeadi legsdhj idkhe @fymfb( l`zefk `h{ùs mf les ~ecytqds( {lecl E l`zd sddf( efscqeadi les cmtfyqu(

efsydì mj les stqf`gd( `s Gdssefdfses( Gdssefdts( Gdssefê&W

_Jmmyfmyd 0>02 Yld Gdgmqed id+ êyymqe Gdssefdse `ssdqy( yl`y `y Qmgd ld {`s `yyq`cydi au yld j`gd mj yld

{mqos mj G`s`ccem( `fi yl`y ld yldqd `hsm idsekfdi `hh yld `fcedfy sy`ytds& Yldu ìi( ymm( yl`y ld `qqezdi `y

stcl cdhdaqeyu( yl`y les {mqos `qd dpt`h ym ylmsd mj yld adsy g`sydqs mj les yegd& E eg`kefd ey gtsy ad gd`fy ym`hhtid ym ylmsd {lm ~qdcdidi êdyqm ^dqtkefm( Jq`fce`( Kem& Adhhefe( `fi G`fydkf`? `s les {mqos {ehh fmy ad`q

`fu cmg~`qesmf {eyl ylmsd mj yld h`yydq g`sydqs&W

_Jmmyfmyd 0>12 Ef yld jeqsy d~mcl mj yld Zdfdye`f Sclmmh&W

_Jmmyfmyd 0>32 Yld jmhhm{efk efscqe~yemf( cmg~msdi `y yld efsy`fcd mj yld Zdfdye`f ~èfydqs( es jmtfi ef

Qeimhje( ~& 95& @fymfets ~ecymq( ~qêce~ttg Gdss`fê stê dy ymyets Seceheê mqf`gdfytg lác ltgm cmfydkeytq2

fmf smhtg stes ~ecytqes( ef pteats sefkth`qd `qyejecetg dy zdftsy`s jtey2 sdi dy ptmi cmhmqeats mhdm gescdfies

s~hdfimqdg dy ~dq~dytey`ydg ^QEGTS EY@HEÊ ÊCYTQÊ cmfythey( stggm SDG^DQ `qyejectg sytiem

cdhdaq`yts&W




_Jmmyfmyd 0>92 @ hdyydq mj Stggmfrem( {qeyydf mf yld 1>yl G`qcl( 0419( l`s addf cmggtfec`ydi ym gd au yld

Sek& C`z& id+ H`r`q`( d|yq`cydi jqmg yld :>yl zmhtgd mj yld GSS& cmhhdcydi ef Zdfecd au yld Sek& @a& ^qmjdss&

I`fedhd Jq`fcdscmfe& Ey es ìiqdssdi ym G& @& Gecldhd( {lm lì qdptdsydi jqmg leg smgd efjmqg`yemf

qds~dcyefk yld `fcedfy `fi gmidqf `qyesys mj F`~hds? `fi ef qdjdqdfcd ym yld ~qdsdfy ptdsyemf ld ylts s~dòs&

Sefcd yl`y ~dqemi ,yld qdekf mj Oefk Hìesh`ts%( {d l`zd fmy lì `fu mfd mj sm gtcl y`hdfy ef yld `qy mj

~èfyefk `s mtq G`dsyqm Cmh`fymfem mj F`~hds( {lm {mthi ef `hh ~qmaàeheyu l`zd `qqezdi `y kqd`y dgefdfcd( ej

ld lì fmy iedi umtfk& M{efk ym yld y`syd mj yld yegds( ld iei fmy `qqezd `y yl`y ~dqjdcyemf mj idsekf jmtfidimf yld `fyeptd( {lecl les iesce~hd @fymfdhhm i` Gdssef` `yyèfdi? `f `qyesy( `s E tfidqsy`fi( {dhh ofm{f

`gmfksy umt& Yld syuhd mj Cmh`fymfem {`s jmtfidi mf yld Jhdgesl( `fi yld cmhmtqefk mj yl`y cmtfyqu( ym {lecl

ld {`s sm gtcl `yy`cldi( yl`y ld lì efydfidi ym km yleyldq( aty yld Oefk Q`fedqm qdyèfdi leg ldqd( s`yesjedi

{eyl slm{efk leg yld ~q`cyecd `fi gmid mj stcl cmhmtqefk& Jqmg yles hdyydq( {lecl sddgs cmfyq`qu ym gu

`qktgdfy( E cmhhdcy stjjecedfy( ej E dqq fmy( ym cmfjeqg ey& Jmq( 0sy( yld idjdfcd mj ylmsd {qeydqs j`hhs ym yld

kqmtfi( {lm `sstgd yl`y yld `qy mj meh cmhmtqefk {`s idqezdi jqmg F`~hds( {lehd {d sdd yl`y Cmh`fymfem( au

gd`fs mj yld oefk( qdcdezdi ey jqmg Jh`fidqs& 1fihu( Z`f Duco legsdhj es fmy ldqd f`gdi( aty yld ~èfydqs mj

Jh`fidqs kdfdq`hhu? {lecl cmtfyqu jeqsy `{òdfdi( `s {d l`zd masdqzdi( au yld d|`g~hd mj Ey`hu( lì

iescmzdqdi fd{( `fi ey es yqtd( eg~dqjdcy `fi efdjjecedfy gdylmis( aty syehh st~dqemq ym iesydg~dq? `fi {lm

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au c`htgfu `fi efsmhdfcd( `s {dhh `s au les sy`yemf& Ld gmfm~mherdi `hh htcq`yezd cmggessemfs ym legsdhj `fi

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gmsy ~qmgesefk `fi yld gmsy `geàhd mj les sclmh`qs&

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`fi les ìldqdfys adefk qdpteqdi ym kezd yldeq m~efemf mf yles d|pteseyd ~qmitcyemf( idch`qdi ey ym ad y`sydhdss(

`fi idceidi yl`y yld ~èfydq mj ey iei fmy ~mssdss ` y`hdfy jmq h`qkd cmg~mseyemfs& Yles iezefd `qyesy ef

cmfsdptdfcd ymmo les id~`qytqd tfidq ` atqfefk stf jmq Qmgd( {ldqd ld smmf `jydq{`qis iedi& Aty yld {mqo

ef {lecl syq`fkdqs {dqd yld gmsy m~~msdi {`s yld cl`~dh mj S& Kdff`qm( {lecl ` cmggeyydd lì `ssekfdi ym

yld C`z& i+@q~efm( `s smmf `s ld slmthi jefesl ~èfyefk yld clmeq mj yld Cdqyms`& Adhhes`qem hd`ktefk {eyl

S~`kfmhdyym( ,heod legsdhj ` jedqcd `fi tfkmzdqfàhd g`f(% `fi {eyl C`q`ccemhm( {lm `s~eqdi ym yles

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tfofm{f ~dqsmfs `ss`thydi yld sdqz`fy mj yl`y `qyesy( `fi `y yld s`gd yegd idseqdi leg ym efjmqg les g`sydq

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cmg~hedi& Kdsse( yld sclmh`q mj Kteim( {`s fmy lm{dzdq efyegei`ydi au yles dzdfy( aty `~~hedi jmq `fimayèfdi yld lmfmqàhd cmggessemf( `fi c`gd ym F`~hds {eyl y{m `ssesy`fys( Kem& A`yesy` Qtkkedqe `fi

Hmqdfrm Gdfefe& Aty yldsd `qyesys {dqd sc`qcdhu `qqezdi( {ldf yldu {dqd yqd`cldqmtshu efzeydi mf am`qi `

k`hhdu( {lecl eggdie`ydhu {dekldi `fclmq `fi c`qqedi yldg mjj( ym yld kqd`y iesgù mj yldeq g`sydq( {lm(

`hylmtkl ld gìd yld gmsy iehekdfy efpteqeds amyl `y Qmgd `fi F`~hds( cmthi fdzdq ~qmctqd `fu yeiefks mj

yldg&

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{dqd ef yld `cy mj uedhiefk ym yld qdekfefk cà`h( `ssekfefk yld jqdscm {mqo ym Cmqdfrem `fi C`q`ccemhm( `fi

~qmgesefk yld ~ecytqds ym S~`kfmhdyym( {ldf stiidfhu qd~dfyefk mj yldeq qdsmhtyemf( yldu djj`cdi `hh yl`y {`s

~èfydi mj yld y{m jqdscms( `fi dfyqtsydi yld idcmq`yemf mj yld cl`~dh dfyeqdhu ym Imgdfeclefm& Ey mtkly ym ad

gdfyemfdi ym yld lmfmq mj yldsd gtfejecdfy ~dqsmfs( yl`y yldu dfk`kdi ym ~ù jmq dzdqu dfyeqd jektqd 0>>itc`ys( jmq d`cl l`hj jektqd 4> itc`ys( `fi jmq d`cl ldì 14 itc`ys& Yldu ymmo ~qdc`tyemfs `hsm `kèfsy `fu

efydqqt~yemf ym yld `qyesy( ylqd`ydfefk yld zecdqmu+s lekl ies~hd`stqd ej ld {dqd ef `fu {ù gmhdsydi& Aty yles

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myldqs& Yldu l`q`ssdi leg au c`htgfeds( au `fmfugmts hdyydqs( au ies~h`cefk les ~ecytqds( au ge|efk efbtqemts

efkqdiedfys {eyl les cmhmtqs( `fi au yld gmsy efseiemts g`hecd yldu ~qmctqdi smgd mj les ~ecytqds ym ad sdfy au

yld zecdqmu ym yld cmtqy mj Gìqei? `fi yldsd( {ldf heyyhd gmqd yl`f sodycldi( {dqd yòdf jqmg les sytiem `fi

c`qqedi ym yld cmtqy( {ldqd S~`kfmhdyym mqidqdi yldg ym ad qdymtcldi( `fi( {eylmty kezefk leg yegd ym jefesl

yldg( ltqqedi yldg ym yldeq idsyef`yemf& Yles g`hecemts jq`ti mj les qez`h( yld cmg~hèfys mj yld cmggeyydd(

{lm `h{ùs gdy {eyl smgd jqdsl masy`chd ym yld cmg~hdyemf mj yld {mqo( `fi yld sts~ecemf mj smgd dzeh

idsekf( `y h`sy idydqgefdi Imgdfeclefm ym id~`qy sdcqdyhu ym Qmgd& @s smmf lm{dzdq `s yld fd{s mj les jhekly




yq`fs~eqdi( ld {`s qdc`hhdi( `fi jqdsl gd`stqds yòdf jmq les ~qmydcyemf? {ldf ld qdstgdi les hàmtqs( `fi

idcmq`ydi yld {`hhs `fi a`sd mj yld ct~mh`( `fi gìd cmfseidqàhd ~qmkqdss ef yld ~èfyefk mj les ~ecytqds&

Aty adjmqd ld cmthi jefesl les y`so ld {`s efydqqt~ydi au id`yl( l`sydfdi deyldq au ~mesmf( mq au yld g`fu

sdzdqd zd|`yemfs ld lì d|~dqedfcdi amyl jqmg les qdh`yezds `fi les ìzdqs`qeds( `fi yld {dekly mj {lecl {`s

`tkgdfydi au yld `qqez`h mj les jmqgdq dfdgu H`fjq`fcm& Yles `qyesy st~dqsdidi R`g~edqe ef yld ~èfyefk mj

yld c`yefm mj yld cl`~dh? S~`kfmhdyym( ef mfd mj les meh ~ecytqds? Sy`fremfe ef `fmyldq? `fi d`cl mj yldsd `qyesys(d|ceydi au dgth`yemf( qez`hhdi( ej ld iei fmy d|cdh Imgdfeclefm& C`q`ccemhm {`s idì& Adhhes`qem( jqmg les

kqd`y `kd( ymmo fm sl`qd ef ey( `fi {`s smmf `jydq{`qis oehhdi au ` j`hh jqmg ` sy`kd( {lecl ld lì dqdcydi jmq

yld ~tq~msd mj qdymtclefk smgd mj les jqdscms& Fmq iei S~`kfmhdyym d|~dqedfcd ` adyydq j`yd? jmq( l`zefk

sditcdi ` umtfk keqh( `fi adcmgd efst~~mqyàhd dzdf ym legsdhj jqmg yld kdfdq`h mietg {lecl ld

d|~dqedfcdi( ld dga`qodi mf am`qi ` sle~? fmq es ey ofm{f {leyldq ld jhdi( mq lm{ ld dfidi les hejd( ej {d

gù cqdiey yld Fd`~mhey`f {qeydqs& ^`hmgefm lm{dzdq sy`yds leg ym l`zd iedi ef F`~hds ef 0:4:( `kdi

se|yu'sdzdf( ylmtkl ld imds fmy cmfyqìecy yld jeqsy ~`qy mj mtq sy`ydgdfy& Ylts yldsd `gaeyemts gdf( {lm au

zemhdfcd mq jq`ti lì efjhtdfcdi `fi àtsdi yld kdfdqmseyu `fi y`syd mj sm g`fu fmahd ~`yqmfs( `fi ym {lmsd

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gdqeydi jqtey mj yldeq cmfitcy ef ` zemhdfy id`yl? `fi `f eg~`qye`h ~msydqeyu( ef `ssekfefk yld ~`hg mj gdqey ym

Imgdfeclefm( efcthc`yds yld g`|eg( yl`y ey es ` idhtsezd lm~d ym `yydg~y ym dsyàhesl j`gd `fi jmqytfd mf yld

idsyqtcyemf mj `fmyldq+s qd~ty`yemf&

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efsyqtcyemfs mj yld àmzd gdfyemfdi g`sydqs( mq jqmg `f efs~dcyemf mj yldeq {mqos? jmq yldqd es gtcl yqtyl ef

yld masdqz`yemf mj ^`ssdqe( yl`y ` ~èfydq {lm l`s `f `qidfy idseqd mj hd`qfefk( qdcdezds `s gtcl efsyqtcyemf

jqmg yld {mqos mj idcd`sdi `qyesys `s jqmg hezefk g`sydqs& Ey {`s kqd`yhu ym yld lmfmtq mj yld Fd`~mhey`f

`qyesys( `geisy stcl ` z`qedyu mj fd{ syuhds( ym l`zd sdhdcydi yld adsy& Cds`qe lì fm jmhhm{dqs ef F`~hds( ej {d

d|cd~y Hteke Qmidqekm(_009W {lm d|cl`fkdi yld sclmmh mj Adhhes`qem jmq les( aty fmy {eylmty ` idkqdd mj

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` fd~ld{( Ke`fadqf`qiefm( ef yld s`gd syuhd? {lm( jqmg les adefk `f d|cdhhdfy egey`ymq mj Cds`qe( {`s

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yld C`z& G`ssegm Sy`fremfe( cmfseidqdi au smgd yld adsy d|`g~hd mj yld Fd`~mhey`f Sclmmh( mj {lecl( `s {d

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ef y`syd( aty ld `zèhdi legsdhj mj yld `ssesy`fcd mj H`fjq`fcm( {lmg ef mfd mj les GS& ld c`hhs les g`sydq( `fi

sytiedi ymm tfidq Cmqdfrem( {lm ef les ~èfyefk mj jqdscms uedhidi ym jd{& Ef ~mqyqèy ld ìm~ydi yld ~qefce~hds

mj S`fy`jdid( `fi `yyèfdi `f d|cdhhdfy Yeye`fdsptd syuhd& Kmefk `jydq{`qis ym Qmgd( `fi sddefk yld {mqos mj

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yld jeqsy {eyl yld cmhmtqefk mj yld sdcmfi( `fi {d `qd efjmqgdi au K`h`fye( yl`y ld mayèfdi yld `~~dhh`yemf mj

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yld adsy g`sydqs& Ld ~èfydi ef yld Cdqyms` ` Idì Clqesy( stqqmtfidi au yld G`qeds( ef cmg~dyeyemf {eyl

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stcl `f efsy`fcd mj g`hecd mtkly ym ad ~dq~dyt`ydi ym yld ~tahec dud& Aty ef yl`y cltqcl( {lecl es ef j`cy `

gtsdtg mj `qy( {ldqd dzdqu `qyesy( fmy ym ad stq~`ssdi au les qez`hs( sddgs ym l`zd stq~`ssdi legsdhj(

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les aqdylqdf yld qthds mj yldeq mqidq& Les {mqos `qd fmy tfjqdptdfy ef yld cmhhdcyemfs ef les m{f cmtfyqu( `fi

`qd leklhu dsyddgdi ef myldq ~h`cds& Yld z`thys mj yld Kdsõ Ftmzm `fi S& ^`mhm dfyeyhd leg ym ` iesyefktesldi

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l`syu `fi efjdqemq ~ecytqds& Ey gù ad sèi yl`y Cmccle( ef les Q`kemf`gdfym idh G`yqegmfem( fmy {eylmty kmmi

qd`smf ymmo mcc`semf ym {`qf `hh `qyesys mj yld ~dqehs mj yld {diidi sy`yd&




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les sclmmh ym yl`y mj Kteim( `fi {`s clmsdf `y yld `kd mj deklyddf ym ~èfy ef yld Cdqyms` mj Amhmkf`( ef

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syuhd mj Kteim&

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G`ssegm( idzmydi legsdhj ym yld cm~uefk mj les {mqos& Ld es mfd mj yld jd{ `qyesys cmggdgmq`ydi au ^`mhm

id+ G`yydes( ef mfd mj les GSS& {lecl ìgeys fm `qyesys mj efjdqemq gdqey& Ld idch`qds yld syuhd mj Qms` `hgmsy

efegeyàhd( fmy mfhu jqmg les cmqqdcy idsekf( aty jqmg yld q`qd ad`tyu mj yld d|yqdgeyeds( `fi syehh gmqd jqmg

yld iekfeyu `fi kq`cd mj yld cmtfydf`fcds& Ld lì ef les ylqdd fedcds yld gmsy ~dqjdcy gmidhs mj ad`tyu( `fi

ld ~mssdssdi ` stahegeyu mj sdfyegdfy {lecl dhdz`ydi les gefi ym ` lekl sdfsd mj d|cdhhdfcd& Les cmhmtqefk(

ylmtkl cmfitcydi {eyl d|pteseyd s{ddyfdss( lì ` syqmfk amiu( `fi les ~ecytqds ~qdsdqzd ` chd`q `fi jqdsl

ymfd& Yldsd `qd jqdptdfyhu ym ad jmtfi ef yld lmtsds mj yld fmaeheyu( `s ld hezdi hmfk& Ld ~èfydi smgd

ad`tyejth `hy`q~edcds( `s S& Ymgg`sm i+@ptefm `y yld S`feyî( yld A`~yesg mj S& C`fiei` `y S& êdyqm i+@q`g(

`fi myldq ~edcds&

Yles `qyesy lì ` fedcd mj yld f`gd mj @fedhh` ie Qms`( {lm gù ad c`hhdi yld Seq`fe mj yld Fd`~mhey`f Sclmmh(

jqmg ldq y`hdfys( ad`tyu( `fi yld g`ffdq mj ldq id`yl( yld jèq Amhmkfdsd adefk efltg`fhu ~mesmfdi au smgd

dfzemts `qyesys( `fi @fedhh` gtqidqdi au ` bd`hmts ltsa`fi& Yles ltsa`fi {`s @kmsyefm Adhyq`fm( ldq jdhhm{

sclmh`q ef yld sclmmh mj G`ssegm( {ldqd ld adc`gd ` kmmi jqdscm ~èfydq( `fi ` cmhmtqesy ef meh mj fm cmggmf

gdqey( `s es ~qmzdi au g`fu càefdy ~ecytqds `fi smgd `hy`q~edcds& Les {ejd `hsm ~èfydi ef yld s`gd syuhd( `fi

{`s yld cmg~`femf mj les hàmtqs( `fi yldu bmefyhu ~qd~`qdi g`fu ~ecytqds {lecl yldeq g`sydq `jydq{`qisjefesldi ef stcl ` g`ffdq yl`y yldu {dqd smhi `s les m{f& Smgd( lm{dzdq( ~`ss tfidq ldq m{f f`gd( `fi `qd

leklhu d|ymhhdi( `s yld Aeqyl `fi Id`yl mj yld Zeqkef( `y yld êdyî( fmy lm{dzdq {eylmty sts~ecemf yl`y

G`ssegm lì ` cmfseidqàhd sl`qd ef yl`y ~ecytqd( `s Kteim lì ef sdzdq`h ~èfydi au Kdfyehdscle& Aty `y `hh

dzdfys( ldq mqekef`h idsekfs ~qmzd ldq ofm{hdikd mj `qy( `fi ldq cmfydg~mq`qeds( amyl ~èfydqs `fi {qeydqs( im

fmy jèh ym d|ymh ldq `s `f d|cdhhdfy `qyesy( `fi `s stcl ^`mhm id+ G`yydes( l`s ìgeyydi ldq f`gd ef les

c`y`hmktd&

Ylqdd umtfk gdf mj Mqy` adc`gd `hsm cdhdaq`ydi sclmh`qs ef yles `cìdgu( ^`mh Imgdfecm Jefmkhe`( Ke`cefym

id+ ^m~mhe( `fi Ketsd~~d G`qthhm& Au yld jeqsy yldqd qdgèfs `y yld Cdqyms` `y F`~hds( yld z`thy mj yld cl`~dh

mj S& Kdff`qm( `fi z`qemts ~ecytqds ef yld cl`~ydq lmtsd& Ld lì ` ad`tyejth d|~qdssemf( jdqyeheyu( cmqqdcyfdss( `

kmmi `qq`fkdgdfy mj ~`qys( `fi ` l`~~u kdfdq`h djjdcy& Yld sdcmfi ~èfydi ef g`fu cltqclds( `fi es ìgeqdigmqd jmq les syuhd mj cmg~mseyemf( yl`f jmq les jektqds& Yld yleqi `~~qm`cldi sm fd`q ym les g`sydq ef g`ffdq(

yl`y `qyesys l`zd smgdyegds `scqeadi les {mqos ym G`ssegm? `fi ef yqtyl ld hdjy smgd ad`tyejth ~qmitcyemfs `y

S& Sdzdqefm( `fi myldq cltqclds& Ld lì `jydq{`qis ` iqu syuhd mj cmhmtqefk( ~`qyecth`qhu ef les cmfymtqs( {lecl

mf yl`y `ccmtfy adc`gd cqtid `fi l`qi( `fi ld kqìt`hhu hmsy yld ~tahec j`zmtq& Les d|`g~hd gù sdqzd `s `

{`qfefk ym dzdqu mfd ym dsyeg`yd les m{f ~m{dqs cmqqdcyhu( `fi fmy ym `jjdcy kdfets {ldf ld imds fmy ~mssdss

ey&

@fmyldq sclmh`q {lm mayèfdi ` kqd`y f`gd( {`s @fiqd` G`hefcmfecm( mj F`~hds& Yldqd im fmy d|esy `fu

jqdscms au leg( aty ld hdjy g`fu {mqos ef meh( ~`qyecth`qhu ef yld cltqcl( id+ Geq`cmhe( {ldqd ld ~èfydi `hgmsy

`hh yld ~ecytqds legsdhj& Yld Dz`fkdhesys( `fi yld Imcymqs mj yld cltqcl( stabdcys {eyl {lecl ld mqf`gdfydi

yld ~eh`sydqs( `qd yld gmsy ad`tyejth ~ecytqds( sùs yld dfcmge`sy( mj yles g`sydq? `s yld `yyeytids `qd fmahd( yld




cmfcd~yemf mqekef`h( `fi yld {lmhd ~èfydi {eyl yld s~eqey mj ` kqd`y `qyesy( `fi {eyl `f `symfeslefk jqdslfdss mj

cmhmtq& Yldqd `qd myldq jefd {mqos au leg( aty sdzdq`h `qd jddahd `fi s~eqeyhdss( {lecl k`zd ` cmffmessdtq

mcc`semf ym qdg`qo yl`y yldu {dqd ef tfesmf {eyl yld f`gd mj yld ~èfydq&

Aty fmfd mj yld ~qdcdiefk `qyesys {dqd sm gtcl j`zmtqdi au f`ytqd `s Adqf`qim C`z`hhefm( {lm `y jeqsy cqd`ydi

` bd`hmts jddhefk ef G`ssegm legsdhj& Jefiefk `jydq{`qis yl`y les y`hdfy hù gmqd ef sg`hh jektqds yl`f h`qkd(

ld ~tqstdi yl`y id~`qygdfy( `fi adc`gd zdqu cdhdaq`ydi ef les sclmmh( adumfi {lecl ld es fmy sm {dhh ofm{f`s ld idsdqzds ym ad& Ef yld k`hhdqeds mj yld Fd`~mhey`f fmaeheyu `qd ym ad sddf au leg( mf c`fz`ss `fi cm~~dq(

stabdcys amyl s`cqdi `fi ~qmj`fd( cmg~msdi {eyl kqd`y btikgdfy( `fi {eyl jektqds ef yld syuhd mj ^mtssef( jthh

mj s~eqey `fi d|~qdssemf( `fi `ccmg~`fedi au ` f`yezd kq`cd( `fi ` seg~heceyu ~dcthe`qhu yldeq m{f& Ef les

cmhmtqefk( adseids les g`sydq `fi Kdfyehdscle( {lm {dqd amyl jmhhm{dqs mj Kteim( ld egey`ydi Qtadfs& Ld

~mssdssdi dzdqu pt`heyu dssdfye`h ym `f `ccmg~hesldi `qyesy( `s dzdf yld gmsy d|yqdgd ~mzdqyu cmthi fmy efitcd

leg ym ltqqu les {mqos( {lecl ld {`s `cctsymgdi jqdptdfyhu ym qdymtcl adjmqd ld cmthi dfyeqdhu s`yesju

legsdhj& Hejd {`s `hmfd {`fyefk ym leg( {lecl ld tfjmqytf`ydhu slmqydfdi au les eqqdkth`qeyeds&_004W

@fiqd` Z`cc`qm {`s ` cmfydg~mq`qu `fi qez`h mj G`ssegm( aty `y yld s`gd yegd les ìgeqdq `fi jqedfi( ` g`f

mj kqd`y egey`yezd ~m{dqs& Ld `y jeqsy jmhhm{di C`q`z`kkem( `fi ef yl`y syuhd les ~ecytqds `qd jqdptdfyhu jmtfi

ef F`~hds( `fi smgd càefdy ~ecytqds( {lecl l`zd dzdf eg~msdi t~mf cmffmessdtqs( {lm l`zd amtkly yldg jmq

mqekef`hs mj yl`y g`sydq& @jydq smgd yegd G`ssegm {mf leg mzdq ym yld syuhd mj Kteim( ef {lecl ld stccddidi

ef `f ìgeqàhd g`ffdq( ylmtkl ld iei fmy dpt`h les jqedfi& Ef yles syuhd `qd d|dctydi les gmsy cdhdaq`ydi

{mqos `y yld Cdqyms`( `y yld Yd`yefe `fi Qms`qem( {eylmty dftgdq`yefk ylmsd ef cmhhdcyemfs( {ldqd ld es

jqdptdfyhu jmtfi& Mf yld id`yl mj G`ssegm( ld `sstgdi yld jeqsy q`fo `gmfk les cmtfyqugdf& Kemqi`fm `hmfd

m~~msdi leg ef les d`qhu ud`qs( {ldf mf les qdytqf jqmg Qmgd ld aqmtkly {eyl leg ` fd{ syuhd jqmg yld

sclmmh mj Cmqymf`( `fi amyl `qyesys {dqd cmg~dyeymqs jmq yld h`qkdq ~ecytqd mj S& G`qe` idh ê`fym& Yl`y cltqcl

lì addf h`ydhu dqdcydi ef kq`yeytid ym yld Zeqkef( {lm lì headq`ydi yld ceyu jqmg ~dsyehdfcd( `fi yles {`s yld

stabdcy mj yld ~ecytqd& D`cl `qyesy gìd ` idsekf( `fi êdyqm i` Cmqymf` adefk clmsdf tg~eqd( idceidi `kèfsy

les m{f sclmh`q ef j`zmtq mj Z`cc`qm( masdqzefk( yl`y `s ld {`s jeqsy ef ud`qs( sm ld {`s jeqsy ef idsekf `fi

f`ytq`h d|~qdssemf& Ld lì fmy sytiedi jqdscms ef les umtyl( aty adk`f yldg {ldf ld {`s ìz`fcdi ef hejd( ef

mqidq yl`y ld gekly fmy uedhi yld ~`hg ym Kemqi`fm( aty au yld hmss mj les j`gd( ld zdqejedi yld ~qmzdqa( yl`y ì

mgfdg iesce~hef`g y`qiemq dsy sdfdcyts&

Mj les sclmh`qs( Ke`cmgm J`qdhhe {`s yld gmsy stccdssjth( {lm au les zekmqmts y`hdfys( `fi au yld `ssesy`fcd

mj les g`sydq( ~èfydi ` ~ecytqd ef cmg~dyeyemf {eyl Kemqi`fm& Yld cltqcl mj S& Aqekei` l`s ` ad`tyejth ~ecytqd

mj yl`y sèfy au J`qdhhe( `fi eys `tylmq es gdfyemfdi au G`yydes `s ` ~èfydq mj sefkth`q gdqey& Ld idchefdi

lm{dzdq( ef ~tahec dsyddg( jqmg {eslefk `y `f ìz`fcdi `kd ym cl`fkd les syuhd( {ldf ld ~èfydi yld s`cqesyu

mj yld Ydsmqm& Ld {`s mf yl`y mcc`semf `f|emts ym egey`yd Imgdfeclefm( aty ld iei fmy stccddi ef les `yydg~y(

`fi efiddi ld fdzdq `jydq{`qis d|dctydi `fu {mqo mj gdqey&

Fmq iei Imgdfeclefm jèh ym l`zd `gmfk yld ~èfydqs mj F`~hds( mq mj yl`y sy`yd( g`fu idsdqzefk

jmhhm{dqs&_00:W Cmrr`( ` C`hàqe`f( {lm hezdi ef Qmgd( E efchtidi ef yl`y sclmmh( `s `hsm @fymfem Qecce(

c`hhdi eh A`qa`htfk`( {lm {`s mj Gdssef`( `fi {dhh ofm{f ef Qmgd& E gù ìi( yl`y ld qdytqfdi ym Gdssef`(`fi mqf`gdfydi yl`y ceyu {eyl g`fu {mqos? `s `y S& Kqdkmqem( yld sèfy {qeyefk? yld @scdfsemf `y S& Gecldhd?

y{m êdyîs mj iejjdqdfy idsekfs `y S& Feccmhm `fi yld S~di`hd& Ld es cmfseidqdi `s mfd mj yld adsy ~èfydqs mj

Secehu( {ldqd kmmi `qyesys l`zd àmtfidi gmqd yl`f es kdfdq`hhu eg`kefdi& Ld jmqgdi ` sclmmh yldqd `fi hdjy

sdzdq`h sclmh`qs&_00;W

E mtkly `jydq leg ym gdfyemf `fmyldq Secehe`f( êdyqm idh ^m i` ^`hdqgm( ` kmmi dfkq`zdq( `fi adyydq ofm{f ef

Qmgd ef yl`y c`~`ceyu( yl`f `s ` ~èfydq& Yldqd es ` S& Hdmfd au leg `y yld cltqcl mj yld Gìmff` ie

Cmsy`fyefm~mhe? `f `hy`q~edcd {lecl lm{dzdq imds fmy im leg sm gtcl lmfmtq `s yld ~ecytqds {lecl ld

~èfydi jmq cmhhdcyemfs( smgd mj {lecl `qd ef S~èf? `fi ~`qyecth`qhu smgd sg`hh ~ecytqds {lecl ld d|dctydi ef

yld g`ffdq mj gefe`ytqds {eyl d|pteseyd y`syd& Y{m mj yles oefi E s`{ ef ê`cdfr`( `y yld Sek& idhh` Gessemfd( `

Idcmhh`yemf mj S& Bmlf( `fi ` Cqtceje|emf mj S& ^dydq ef les adsy g`ffdq( `fi {eyl les f`gd& Yles `qyesy( `jydq




{mqoefk ef Qmgd( sdyyhdi ef F`~hds {eyl ` smf mj yld f`gd mj Ke`cmgm( {lm lì addf efsyqtcydi ef yld `qy au

^mtssef `fi legsdhj& Ld `hsm y`tkly ` i`tklydq mj yld f`gd mj Ydqds`( {lm {`s soehhdi ef gefe`ytqds& Yld y{m

^ms {dqd {dhh `cptèfydi {eyl yld ~qefce~hds mj yld `qy( `fi lì y`tkly ef yld `cìdgu mj Qmgd& Aty yld j`yldq

~èfydi heyyhd ef F`~hds? yld smf jmtfi cmfsy`fy dg~hmu ef mqf`gdfyefk yld l`hhs `fi k`hhdqeds mj yld fmaeheyu

{eyl jqdscms& Les efyeg`cu {eyl hdyydqs èidi yld ~mdyec y`syd {eyl {lecl les ~ecytqds {dqd cmfcdezdi( `fi les

z`qedi `fi dfcl`fyefk cmhmtqs j`scef`ydi yld dud mj dzdqu s~dcy`ymq& Ld {`s sefkth`q `fi mqekef`h ef les heklys(

`fi yldeq z`qemts kqì`yemfs `fi qdjhdcyemfs& Ef les jektqds `fi iq`~dqu ld adc`gd( `s es kdfdq`hhu yld c`sd {eylyld g`clefesys( g`ffdqdi `fi hdss cmqqdcy? fmq l`s ld `fu chèg `s `f egey`ymq mj Imgdfeclefm( d|cd~y jqmg

yld d`qhu efsyqtcyemfs mj les j`yldq& Ef Qmgd yldqd `qd y{m ~èfyefks au leg( mfd `y S& @fkemhm ef ^dscldqe`( yld

myldq `y S& G`qy`? `fi yldqd `qd smgd ef F`~hds? aty les kdfets cledjhu slefds ef yld jqdscms mj yld k`hhdqu mj

yld G`qcldsd Kdfr`fm( `fi ef yld lmtsd mj yld Itod mj G`y`hmf`( `fi syehh gmqd ef sdzdf `~`qygdfys mj yld

^qefcd mj @zdhhefm&

@ gmqd jefesldi egey`ymq mj R`g~edqe yl`f yld y{m ^ms {`s ` sclmh`q mj les( mj yld f`gd mj Jq`fcdscm ie

G`qe`( yld `tylmq mj jd{ {mqos( `s ld {ehhefkhu stjjdqdi ylmsd qd~qm`clds mj shm{fdss `fi eqqdsmhtyemf {lecl

`ccmg~`fedi yld tfjmqytf`yd Imgdfeclefm ym yld kq`zd& Aty les {mqos( ylmtkl jd{ ef ftgadq( `qd d|cdhhdfy(

~`qyecth`qhu yld lesymqu mj S& Hmqdfrm `y yld Cmfzdfyt`hs ef F`~hds( `fi `hsm g`fu mj les ~mqyqèys& Mfd mj yld

h`yydq d|leaeydi ef Qmgd( ymkdyldq {eyl mfd au Z`fiuod( `fi mfd au Qtadfs( {`s ~qdjdqqdi au ^mtssef(

Cmqymf`( `fi S`ccle( ym ylmsd mj yld Jhdgesl `qyesys& Myldqs mj les ~ecytqds `qd amtkly `y kqd`y ~qecds( `fi `qd

cmfseidqdi au yld hdss d|~dqedfcdi `s yld {mqos mj Imgdfeclefm& Ld qdsdgahdi yl`y g`sydq efiddi ef dzdqu

pt`heyu( d|cd~y kq`cd( {lecl f`ytqd lì idfedi leg& Ldfcd Kemqi`fm sèi mj les jektqds( yl`y {ldf

cmfstg~yemf lì qditcdi yld gtschds `fi amfds( yldu gekly ad cmqqdcy `fi ad`tyejth( aty syehh efse~ei& Ef

qdytqf ld iei fmy s~`qd Kemqi`fm? idch`qefk les sclmmh ldqdyec`h( `fi yl`y ld cmthi fmy dfitqd {mqos {lecl

m{d `hh yldeq gdqey ym msydfy`yemts cmhmtq( `fi ` z`ktd idsekf( `s G`yydes( {lm es ~`qye`h ym yld gdgmqu mj

Jq`fcdscm( `yydsys&

H`fjq`fcm ef F`~hds lì cmfyqeatydi( `s E l`zd masdqzdi( ym yld efsyqtcyemf mj G`ssegm( aty yl`y `qyesy

qdfmtfcdi yld syuhd mj H`fjq`fcm jmq yl`y mj Kteim& Yld y{m ^ms( lm{dzdq( {dqd gmqd `yy`cldi ym leg( `fi

egey`ydi les cmhmtqefk& ^`scmhe imtays {ldyldq ld slmthi fmy `ssekf ^qdye ym leg( `f dqqmq {lecl {d sl`hh

slmqyhu cmfjtyd& Imgefece `hsm efchtids `gmfk les cmtfyqugdf Aq`fie( ` sclmh`q mj H`fjq`fcm? cmhhdcyefkjqmg mfd mj les hdyydqs yl`y ld `cofm{hdikdi K`dy` jmq les f`yezd ~h`cd& Les j`gehu {`s ~qmaàhu jqmg yldfcd(

aty ld legsdhj {`s amqf ef ^mhe&_00<W E efchtidi leg `gmfk yld ~èfydqs mj Qmgd( {ldqd ld sytiedi `fi

~èfydi? `fi E gdfyemfdi `y yld s`gd yegd yld C`z& Ke`ga`yesy` Adf`scle( `s ld es c`hhdi au smgd( mq

Adef`scle au myldqs& Yles z`qe`yemf k`zd mcc`semf ym st~~msd( yl`y yldqd {dqd y{m ~èfydqs mj yl`y f`gd? ef yld

s`gd {ù yldqd gù ad ` yleqi( `s yld f`gd es smgdyegds {qeyydf Adqf`scle& Smgd cmfyqìecyemfs ef les

aemkq`~ldqs( {lecl ey es fmy {mqyl mtq {lehd ym dfydq mf( l`zd cmfyqeatydi ym ~dq~dyt`yd yles dqqmq& E sl`hh mfhu

masdqzd( yl`y ld {`s fmy amqf tfyeh 0:3:( `fi {`s fmy ` sclmh`q mj H`fjq`fcm( aty mj G& S~eqeym( ef êdigmfy(

`fi mj êdyqm idh ^m( ef Qmgd& Ylts Mqh`fie {qeyds mj leg( {lm lì ` adyydq m~~mqytfeyu yl`f ^`scmhe( mq

Imgefece( mj ~qmctqefk efjmqg`yemf jqmg @fkdh`( yld i`tklydq mj yld C`z`hedqd( {lm hezdi ef Qmgd ef les

yegd( `fi ~èfydi ~mqyqèys ef `f `kqddàhd syuhd& Ld es cmfseidqdi amyl au ^`scmhe `fi Mqh`fie( `s ` ~èfydq mj

Qmgd( aty ld hdjy zdqu jd{ {mqos yldqd( `s `~~d`qs jqmg Yeye& F`~hds {`s yld yld`yqd mj les y`hdfys( `fi yldqdld lì ftgdqmts sclmh`qs( `fi ~èfydi g`fu ct~mh`s( cdehefks( `fi myldq cmfseidqàhd {mqos( `fi {eyl stcl `

z`qedyu mj idsekf( yl`y yldqd es fmy `f efsy`fcd mj `f `yyeytid adefk qd~d`ydi au leg& Fmq {`s ld idjecedfy ef

kq`cd( deyldq mj jmqg mq cmhmtq( `s hmfk `s ld yqmi ef yld syd~s mj H`fjq`fcm( `s ld iei ef yld S& G& ie Hmqdym(

`fi ef myldq cltqclds( aty `s~eqefk ef smgd myldqs ym ` gmqd zekmqmts syuhd( ld adc`gd i`qo `fi ld`zu& Ld

d|cdhhdi ef yld ofm{hdikd mj yld smyym ef st( `fi ies~hùdi d|yq`mqief`qu soehh ef les jmqdslmqydfefks& Yld

~èfydqs ef F`~hds l`zd mjydf cmg~`qdi `gmfk yldgsdhzds( sùs Imgefece( yld y{m ~ecytqds mj S& Gecl`dh( yld

mfd au H`fjq`fcm( `fi yld myldq au Adf`scle( ef yld cltqcl mj yld Lmhu @~msyhds( {eylmty adefk àhd ym idceid

ym {lecl g`sydq yldu mtkly ym `ssekf yld ~`hg mj gdqey&

Ktdqcefm legsdhj {`s fdzdq ef F`~hds( aty yld C`z& G`yye` ^qdye( cmggmfhu c`hhdi eh C`z& C`hàqdsd( `hhtqdi

au yld fmzdhyu mj les syuhd( qd~èqdi ym Cdfym( ym `zèh legsdhj mj les efsyqtcyemfs& Yles efjmqg`yemf {d l`zd




jqmg Imgdfece( {lm lì ld`qi leg sù( yl`y ld {`s ef j`cy yld sclmh`q mj Ktdqcefm( aty yl`y ld lì(

gmqdmzdq( sytiedi yld {mqos mj `hh yld ~qefce~`h g`sydqs? `fi ld lì efiddi zeseydi `hgmsy dzdqu cmtfyqu( `fi

sddf `fi sytiedi yld adsy ~qmitcyemfs mj dzdqu sclmmh( amyl ef `fi adumfi Ey`hu& Ldfcd ef les ~èfyefk ld gù

ad cmg~`qdi ym ` g`f {lmsd yq`zdhs l`zd addf d|ydfsezd( `fi {lm fdzdq ld`qs ` stabdcy sy`qydi ym {lecl ld

imds fmy ìi smgdylefk fd{( `fi efiddi yld iq`~dqu `fi mqf`gdfys( `fi cmsytgd mj ^qdye( `qd leklhu z`qedi

`fi mqekef`h& Ld cmfjefdi legsdhj ym idsekf( `fi iei fmy `yydg~y cmhmtqs tfyeh les y{dfyu'se|yl ud`q& Ef idsekf

ld {`s gmqd zekmqmts `fi qmatsy yl`f idhec`yd( `fi smgdyegds efchefds ym ld`zefdss& Ef les cmhmtqefk ld {`sfmy `yyq`cyezd( aty lì ` syqmfk eg~`sym( ` idceidi cle`qmsctqm( `fi ` ~qdzèhefk `slu ymfd( yl`y {`s {dhh

ì`~ydi jmq les gmtqfjth `fi yq`kec`h stabdcys? jmq( jmhhm{efk yld adfy mj les kdfets( ld idzmydi les ~dfceh ym

yld qd~qdsdfy`yemf mj g`qyuqimgs( sh`tklydqs( ~dsyehdfcd( `fi yld ~`fks mj ` ktehyu cmfscedfcd& Ey {`s les

ctsymg( sùs ^`scmhe( `y hd`sy ef les h`qkd {mqos( ym ~èfy `y yld jeqsy cmfcd~yemf( `fi yqtd ym f`ytqd( `fi ld iei

fmy yòd gtcl ~èfs `jydq{`qis ef cmqqdcyemf( mq ef yld btsy d|~qdssemf mj yld ~`ssemfs&

Ld d|dctydi smgd h`qkd {mqos ef jqdscm ef Gmidf`( F`~hds( `fi G`hy`& Ld lì fmy dpt`h stccdss `y S& @fiqd`

idhh` Z`hhd( ef Qmgd( {ldqd ld ~èfydi ylqdd lesymqeds mj yl`y sèfy( tfidq yld yqeatfd mj Imgdfeclefm? `

~qm|egeyu jqmg {lecl les {mqo stjjdqs cmfseidqàhu( `fi yld jektqds `~~d`q mty mj ~qm~mqyemf( `fi fmy {dhh

ì`~ydi ym yld seyt`yemf& Les meh ~ecytqds ef Ey`hu `qd efftgdqàhd( `s ld hezdi ym `f ìz`fcdi `kd? ld lì `

kqd`y q`~eieyu mj l`fi( `fi {`s `cctsymgdi( {ldqdzdq ld {dfy( ym hd`zd smgd gdgmqe`h mj les y`hdfys(

smgdyegds ef yld cltqclds( aty cledjhu ef ~qez`yd cmhhdcyemfs( `fi yldu `qd( ef kdfdq`h( jektqds mj l`hj serd( heod

ylmsd mj Ktdqcefm `fi C`q`z`kkem& F`~hds( Qmgd( `fi Jhmqdfcd( `hh àmtfi {eyl les {mqos( aty àmzd `hh

Amhmkf`& Ef yld G`qthhe ~`h`cd es les Adhes`qets `soefk `hgs? ef yl`y mj Q`yye( ` S& ^dfeydfyd( clèfdi ef `

stjjdqefk ~mseyemf? ef yld G`hzdrre ~`h`cd( Seq Ylmg`s Gmqd ef ~qesmf? ef yl`y mj yld Dqcmh`fe( ` ^dsyehdfcd(

adseids g`fu gmqd ef yld s`gd( `fi myldq k`hhdqeds mj yld fmaeheyu& @gmfksy les `hy`q~edcds( mfd mj yld gmsy

jefesldi es ef yld Itmgm mj Sedf`( S& Adqf`qiefm ~qd`clefk ym `fi cmfzdqyefk yld ~dm~hd& Ef F`~hds( adseids

yld smjjeyym mj yld cltqcl id+ Cdhdsyefe( ld ~èfydi fmy ` heyyhd? hdss lm{dzdq yl`f amyl ld legsdhj `fi yld

~qmjdssmqs mj ` adyydq y`syd idseqdi( `fi ef cmfbtfcyemf {eyl {lmg ld qdsesydi yld effmz`yemfs mj Kemqi`fm&

Aty yl`y `qyesy lì `f tf~qdcdidfydi ~m~th`qeyu( `fi ef s~eyd mj les j`thys yqetg~ldi mzdq `hh les

cmfydg~mq`qeds( `fi ^qdye {`s legsdhj mahekdi ym qdhefptesl yld cmfydsy( `fi chmsd les iùs ef G`hy`( mj {lecl

mqidq( ef lmfmtq mj les kqd`y gdqey `s ` ~èfydq( ld {`s gìd ` cmggdfi`ymqd& Ld hdjy smgd egey`ymqs ef

F`~hds( mfd mj {lmg {`s Imgdfecm Zemh`? aty fdeyldq ld( fmq les myldq sclmh`qs ~`ssdi yld amtfis mj gdiemcqeyu& Yld s`gd gù ad sèi mj Kqdkmqem ^qdye( les aqmyldq( mj {lmg yldqd es ` jqdscm `y S& C`qhm id+

C`yef`qe( ef Qmgd&

@jydq yles dftgdq`yemf mj jmqdekf `qyesys( {d gtsy fm{ qdytqf ym yld f`yemf`h sclmmh( `fi fmyecd smgd iesce~hds

mj Qeadq`( Ey mjydf l`~~dfs yl`y ylmsd g`sydqs {lm `qd g`ffdqesys( jmqg sclmh`qs {lm cmfjefd yldeq ~m{dqs ym

yld smhd egey`yemf mj yldeq g`sydq( `fi ylts ~qmitcd ~ecytqds yl`y idcdezd yld gmsy d|~dqedfcdi( `fi {lecl ef

myldq cmtfyqeds `qd dsyddgdi yld {mqos mj yld g`sydq legsdhj& Yles {`s yld c`sd {eyl Kemz`ffe Im( `fi

A`qymhmggdm ^`ss`fyd( ef qdk`qi ym S~`kfmhdyym( `hylmtkl yld jeqsy ef ~qmkqdss mj yegd smjydfdi les g`ffdq(

`fi y`gdi les jhdsl yefys? {lehd yld sdcmfi ìidi mfhu ym yld tst`h syuhd mj S~`kfmhdyym( ` gmqd jefesldi

idsekf `fi d|~qdssemf& Jq`fcdscm Jq`c`fr`fe ~mssdssdi ` ~dcthe`q kq`fidtq mj syuhd( `fi ` fmahd ymfd mj

cmhmtq? `fi yld id`yl mj S& Bmsd~l( {lecl ld ~èfydi `y yld ^dhhdkqefe( es mfd mj yld adsy ~ecytqds mj yld ceyu&@jydq{`qis lm{dzdq les fdcdsseyeds cmg~dhhdi leg ym ~èfy ef ` cm`qsd g`ffdq ef mqidq ym kq`yeju yld zthk`q(

`fi ld jdhh efym aì làeys mj hejd( `fi {`s jef`hhu( jmq smgd cqegd mq myldq( cmfidgfdi ym ied au yld l`fis mj

yld l`fkg`f( ` sdfydfcd( {lecl jmq yld lmfmtq mj yld `qy( {`s cmg~mtfidi jmq les sdcqdy id`yl ef ~qesmf au

~mesmf&_005W

@fedhhm J`hcmfd `fi S`hz`ymq Qms` `qd yld kqd`y am`sy mj yles sclmmh? `hylmtkl Qms` jqdptdfydi ey aty ` slmqy

yegd `fi eg~qmzdi legsdhj `jydq{`qis au yld efsyqtcyemfs mj J`hcmfd& @fedhhm ~mssdssdi `f d|yq`mqief`qu

y`hdfy ef a`yyhd ~edcds& Ld ~èfydi yldg amyl ef h`qkd `fi sg`hh serd( yòefk yld stabdcys jqmg yld s`cqdi

{qeyefks( jqmg ~qmj`fd lesymqu( mq ~mdyqu? les iqdssds( `qgs( `fi jd`ytqds( {dqd `s z`qedi `s yld cmga`y`fys ld

qd~qdsdfydi& @feg`ydi ef les d|~qdssemf( sdhdcy `fi f`ytq`h ef yld jektqds `fi `cyemf mj les lmqsds( `fi

efydhhekdfy ef gehey`qu `jjèqs( ylmtkl ld lì fdzdq addf ef yld `qgu( fmq sddf ` a`yyhd? ld iqd{ cmqqdcyhu(




cmfsthydi yqtyl ef dzdqu ylefk( cmhmtqdi {eyl c`qd( `fi lì ` kmmi eg~`sym& Yl`y ld y`tkly Amqkmkfmfd `s

smgd l`zd st~~msdi( ey es iejjecthy ym adhedzd& A`hieftcce( {lm lì jqmg yl`y `qyesy legsdhj yld efjmqg`yemf

{lecl ld ~tahesldi qds~dcyefk leg( imds fmy sù ` {mqi mj ey& Ey es lm{dzdq yqtd( yl`y yldu {dqd `cptèfydi `fi

gtyt`hhu dsyddgdi d`cl myldq? `fi ej yld a`yyhd ~edcds mj Amqkmkfmfd l`zd jmtfi ` ~h`cd ef yld cmhhdcyemfs mj

yld kqd`y( `fi l`zd addf amtkly `y kqd`y ~qecds( ylmsd mj @fedhhm l`zd lì yld heod kmmi jmqytfd& Ld lì g`fu

sclmh`qs( `fi au gd`fs mj yldg `fi smgd myldq ~èfydqs les jqedfis( ld {`s dfàhdi ym qdzdfkd yld id`yl mj `

qdh`yemf `fi `hsm mj ` sclmh`q( {lmg yld S~`fesl `tylmqeyeds lì ~ty ym id`yl& Mf yld qdzmhtyemf mj G`sm@fedhhm( ld `fi les ~`qyes`fs jmqgdi yldgsdhzds efym ` cmg~`fu c`hhdi yld A`fi mj Id`yl? `fi( ~qmydcydi au

S~`kfmhdyym( {lm d|ctsdi yldg ym yld Zecdqmu( cmggeyydi yld gmsy qdzmhyefk `fi s`fktef`qu d|cdssds? tfyeh

yld sy`yd {`s cmg~msdi( `fi yld ~dm~hd qditcdi ym stagessemf( {ldf yles gtqidqmts a`fi jhdi( ym dsc`~d yld

l`fis mj btsyecd& J`hcmfd {eyliqd{ ym Jq`fcd jmq smgd ud`qs( `fi hdjy g`fu {mqos yldqd? yld qdgèfidq jhdi ym

Qmgd( mq ym myldq ~h`cds mj s`jdyu&

Yld gmsy cdhdaq`ydi mj yld eggdie`yd sclmh`qs mj J`hcmfd {`s S`hz`ymq Qms`( {lmg {d l`zd dhsd{ldqd

fmyecdi( {lm adk`f les c`qddq au ~èfyefk a`yyhds( `fi adc`gd ` gmsy iesyefktesldi h`fisc`~d ~èfydq? `fi

Imgdfecm K`qketmhe( c`hhdi Geccm S~ì`qm( ` h`fisc`~d ~èfydq mj gdqey( `fi ` kmmi ~èfydq ef h`qkd

cmg~mseyemfs( `s ld `~~d`qs `y yld Cdqyms`( `fi ef myldq cltqclds& Ld lì `f d|yq`mqief`qu y`hdfy ymm ef

~èfyefk sg`hh jektqds( `fi gekly {eyl ~qm~qedyu ad c`hhdi yld Cdqptmrre mj les sclmmh& Ldfcd Zeze`fm

Cmi`kmq`( {lm {`s `f dgefdfy h`fisc`~d ~èfydq( `jydq adcmgefk `cptèfydi {eyl leg( {mthi fmy ~dqgey `fu

myldq `qyesy ym mqf`gdfy les {mqos {eyl jektqds( `s ld efyqmitcdi yldg {eyl efjefeyd kq`cd? `fi yles

ceqctgsy`fcd ~qmaàhu hdi ym yldeq efyeg`yd jqedfisle~( `fi ym qesoefk yldeq hezds ef yld s`gd c`tsd `s {d l`zd

adjmqd qdh`ydi& Yld Fd`~mhey`f k`hhdqeds ~mssdss g`fu mj yldeq ~ecytqds? `fi smgd l`zd s~dcegdfs mj c`~qecce(

mq ltgmtqmts ~ecytqds( `hh au yld l`fi mj S~ì`qm& Ld efiddi lì fm dpt`h ef id~ecyefk yld g`ffdqs `fi

iqdssds mj yld cmggmf ~dm~hd mj les cmtfyqu( ~`qyecth`qhu ef h`qkd `ssdgaheds& Ef smgd mj les {mqos mj yles

oefi( yld ftgadq mj les jektqds l`zd d|cddidi ` ylmts`fi& Ld {`s `ssesydi au yld dyclefks mj Sydj`fm idhh`

Adhh`( `fi C`hhmy( amyl mj {lmg {dqd cdhdaq`ydi jmq ~h`cefk ` kqd`y amiu mj ~dm~hd ef ` heyyhd s~`cd? aty ey {`s

ef yld yqtd s~eqey mj egey`yemf( `fi {eylmty ` yq`cd mj sdqzeheyu? mf yld cmfyq`qu( ld eg~qmzdi yld ~qefce~`h

jektqds ,{ldqd aì cmfymtqs `qd {eyl iejjecthyu cmfcd`hdi% `fi cmqqdcydi yld `yyeytids( `fi c`qdjthhu qdymtcldi

yldg&

C`qhm Cm~~mh` es smgdyegds gesyòdf jmq J`hcmfd jqmg yldeq segeh`qeyu mj g`ffdq2 d|cd~y yl`y ` cdqyèf

jthfdss {eyl {lecl ld ~èfys les lmqsds ef les a`yyhd ~edcds( gù sdqzd `s ` iesyefcyemf& @fiqd` ie Hemfd

qdsdgahds leg( aty ef les a`yyhds {d d`sehu yq`cd les egey`yemf& G`qrem G`sytqrm sytiedi smgd yegd {eyl

J`hcmfd? aty hmfkdq {eyl Qms` ef Qmgd( `fi {`s les adsy sclmh`q? aty ld es smgdyegds q`yldq cqtid ef les

jektqds( `fi qmcos( `fi yqtfos mj yqdds( `fi hdss aqekly ef les soeds& Les jhdsl yefys `qd fmy ~`hhei( heod ylmsd mj

Qms`( `s ef yldsd ld jmhhm{di Qeadq`&

E sl`hh chmsd yles c`y`hmktd( ~`ssefk mzdq smgd hdss cdhdaq`ydi `qyesys( {eyl ^`mhm ^mq~mq`( {lm jqmg a`yyhds(

{dqd ieqdcydi au yld eg~thsd mj les kdfets ym yld ~èfyefk mj `feg`hs( aty stccddidi adsy ef jesl( `fi sldhhs(

`fi myldq g`qefd ~qmitcyemfs( adefk hdss soehhdi ef jhm{dqs `fi jqtey& Aty àmty les yegd @aq`l`g Aqtkldh

~èfydi yldsd stabdcys ef `f d|pteseyd syuhd ef F`~hds( {ldqd ld sdyyhdi `fi dfidi les iùs& Jqmg yles ~dqemi{d gù i`yd ` j`zmtqàhd d~mcl jmq cdqyèf ~ecytqds mj gefmq q`fo( {lecl syehh ìi ym yld idcmq`yemf mj

k`hhdqeds `fi cmfyqeatyd ym yld j`gd mj yldeq `tylmqs& @jydq yld y{m jeqsy {d gù gdfyemf Ke`ga`yesy` Qtm~~mhe

`fi Mfmjqem Hmyl( sclmh`qs mj ^mq~mq`( d|cdhhefk leg ef jqteys( `fi ~`qyecth`qhu ef kq`~ds( `fi heyyhd efjdqemq ef

myldq qds~dcys&

Ketsd~~d C`z& Qdccm( jqmg yld s`gd sclmmh( es mfd mj yld gmsy cdhdaq`ydi ~èfydqs ef Ey`hu( mj ltfyefk(

jm{hefk( `fi jeslefk ~edcds( `fi segeh`q stabdcys& Mfd mj les adsy ~ecytqds {lecl E l`zd sddf( es ef yld lmtsd mj

yld Cmfye Segmfdyye i+Msegm( mf {lecl yld `tylmq l`s efscqeadi les f`gd& Ld {`s ìgeqdi ef yld cmhhdcyemfs

`hsm jmq les ad`tyejth cmhmtqefk( {lecl ld `cpteqdi ef Hmga`qiu? `fi ld qdseidi jmq g`fu ud`qs `y yld cmtqy mj

S~èf( {lehsy Kemqi`fm {`s yldqd& Yldqd {`s `hsm ` sclmh`q mj Qtm~~mhe( c`hhdi @fiqd` Adhzdidqd( d|cdhhefk ef

yld s`gd hefd( aty gmsy ef jhm{dqs `fi jqtey& Yldqd `qmsd ` ies~tyd ady{ddf leg `fi Kemqi`fm( @fiqd`




`ssdqyefk yl`y yld lesymqec`h ~èfydqs c`ffmy zdfytqd {eyl stccdss mf yldsd sg`hhdq stabdcys? Kemqi`fm( mf yld

cmfyq`qu( gèfyèfefk yl`y yld kqd`ydq efchtidi yld hdss? {lecl {mqis ld zdqejedi au ~èfyefk ` ~ecytqd mj aeqis(

jhm{dqs( `fi jqtey( sm ad`tyejthhu kqmt~di yl`y ey qmaadi @fiqd` mj les j`gd( `fi mahekdi leg ym yòd qdjtkd

`gmfk gdf mj hdyydqs? `fi efiddi ef yld heydq`qu ceqchd ld ldhi ` qds~dcyàhd sy`yemf&

Fdzdqyldhdss les ~ecytqds iei fmy j`hh ef dsyddg mq z`htd( `fi les ~msydqeyu `jydq leg syehh cmfyeftd ym dgadhhesl

yld càefdys mj yld kqd`y& Les gmsy cdhdaq`ydi sclmh`q {`s Ymgg`sm Qd`hjmfsm( {lm ym yld y`hdfys mj lesg`sydq( ìidi yl`y mj yld f`ytq`h qd~qdsdfy`yemf mj dzdqu idscqe~yemf mj tydfsehs( `fi `hh oefis mj cmfjdcyemfdqu

`fi d`yàhds& Ld lì `hsm d|cdhhdfy egey`ymqs ef Ke`cmgm F`fe( `fi A`hi`ss`q C`qm( dg~hmudi ym mqf`gdfy yld

qmu`h cmtqy mj Oefk Cl`qhds mj Amtqamf? `fi K`s~`q Hm~dr( yld sclmh`q jeqsy mj Itaaessmf( `jydq{`qis mj

Adhzeidqd& Hm~dr adc`gd ` kmmi h`fisc`~d ~èfydq( {`s dg~hmudi au yld Kq`fi Itod mj Ytsc`fu( `fi

qdseidi ` cmfseidqàhd yegd ef Zdfecd& @ccmqiefk ym Imgefece ld iedi ef Jhmqdfcd( `fi yld `tylmq mj yld

@hk`qmyye C`y`hmktd ef Zdfecd( efjmqgs ts( yl`y yl`y dzdfy ymmo ~h`cd àmty yld ud`q 0;31& [d gù ldqd chmsd

yld sdqeds mj gefmq ~èfydqs mj yld sclmmh mj @fedhhm(_01>W `fi gù fm{ ~qmcddi ym yld stccddiefk d~mcl(

cmggdfcefk {eyl yld lesymqec`h ~èfydqs&

_Jmmyfmyd 0002 Ef ymg& eee& mj yld Hdyy& êyymqecld( es ` hdyydq mj ^& Sda`sye`fm Qdsy` idhh+Mq`ymqem( {ldqdef ld

sùs( ey es ~qmaàhd yl`y yld C`z& i+@q~efm egey`ydi leg ef les umtyl2 {lecl c`ffmy ad ìgeyydi( `s ey es ofm{f

yl`y Cds`qe jmqgdi legsdhj ef Qmgd( `fi qdseidi mfhu ef F`~hds {ldf `f ìthy& @s ym yld qdsdgah`fcd

ady{ddf yldg( yl`y `~~heds `s {dhh ym myldq `qyesys& Ef yld s`gd hdyydq Cmqdfrem es c`hhdi yld C`z& Adhhes`qem( `fi

smgd `fdcimyds `qd qdh`ydi mj leg( `fi `gmfk myldqs( yl`y ld hezdi ym yld `kd mj ` ltfiqdi `fi y{dfyu& Yles es

mfd mj ylmsd y`hds ym {lecl yles {qeydq sm d`sehu kezds cqdiey& Ef ~qmmj mj yles {d gù qdjdq ym Yeqàmscle( ef yld

hejd mj @fymfem @hhdkqe( {ldqd segeh`q efsy`fcds mj les cqditheyu `qd fmyecdi&W

_Jmmyfmyd 0012 C`q`z`kkem lì `fmyldq sclmh`q mj dgefdfcd ef G`qem Geffeye mj Suq`ctsd( {lm lm{dzdq

~`ssdi ` cmfseidqàhd ~`qy mj les hejd ef Gdssef`& L`zefk ~èfydi jmq smgd yegd ef Qmgd {eyl C`q`z`kkem( ld

egaeadi les y`syd? `fi ylmtkl ld iei fmy dpt`h leg ef yld zekmtq mj syuhd( ld ies~hùdi gmqd kq`cd `fi

`gdfeyu& Yldqd `qd {mqos qdgèfefk mj leg ef `hh ~`qys mj Secehu( `s ld ~èfydi gtcl( `fi qdyèfdi ef les

sdqzecd y{dhzd sclmh`qs( {lmsd {mqos ld qdymtcldi( `fi smhi `s les m{f& Ldfcd les ~ecytqds im fmy `hymkdyldq

cmqqds~mfi {eyl les qd~ty`yemf& Gdssef` ~mssdssds sdzdq`h( `s yld Idì mj Fèf `y yld Cltqcl mj yld C`~tcefs(`fi yld Zeqkef( yld ytydh`q sèfy( `y yld Zeqkefdhhd&W

_Jmmyfmyd 0032 @gmfk yld sclmh`qs mj @ffea`hd( E jefi C`qhm Sdhheyym gdfyemfdi( ym {lmg Kt`qedfye `ssekfs `

~h`cd ef yld @aadccì`qem( `fi E jtqyldq jefi leg cmggdfidi ef smgd GS& fmyecds mj dgefdfy `qyesys mj yld

sclmmh&W

_Jmmyfmyd 0092 Yldqd es ` iejjdqdfy `ccmtfy mj leg ef yld Gdgmqed id+ êyymqe Gdssefdse( {ldqd ey es sèi yl`y

les yqtd j`gehu f`gd {`s Qmiqektdr& Ey es yldqd sèi yl`y ld sytiedi ef Qmgd( `fi {dfy jqmg yldfcd ym {mqo ef

F`~hds( ef yld Ktei` mj {lecl ceyu ld es jqdptdfyhu gdfyemfdi& Ey es ìidi yl`y( jqmg les Qmg`f syuhd( ld {`s

c`hhdi au les aqmyldq @hmfsm( yld sh`zd mj yld `fyeptd? `fi yl`y ld qdytqfdi yld cmg~hegdfy au c`hhefk les

aqmyldq( {lm {`s efsyqtcydi ef Zdfecd( yld sh`zd mj f`ytqd& Aty @hmfsm( {lm s~dfy les hejd ef Secehu( stq~`ssdiles aqmyldq ef qd~ty`yemf? `fi ey es ` q`qd cmggdfi`yemf yl`y ld ~èfydi gtcl `fi {dhh& Ld ~`qyecth`qhu slmfd

ef yld ^qma`yec` ef S& Cmsgm id+ Gdiece( `fi yld ~ecytqd mj y{m Jmtfidqs mj Gdssef` ef yld sdf`ymqe`h ~`h`cd( `

{mqo qd{`qidi {eyl ` ylmts`fi sctie& Les j`gd idchefdi( `fi ld adk`f ym jèh ef cmggessemfs mf yld `qqez`h

mj A`qa`htfk`& Aty ld iei fmy( mf yl`y `ccmtfy( qdjtsd leg les dsyddg( `s ld {`s `cctsymgdi ym c`hh leg yld

C`q`cce mj Secehu&W

_Jmmyfmyd 0042 E jefi ef Gdssef`( Kem& Jthcm( {lm egaeadi yld ~qefce~hds mj yld `qy tfidq yld C`z& G`ssegm? `

cmqqdcy idsekfdq( ` hezdhu `fi kq`cdjth ~èfydq( ~`qyecth`qhu mj clehiqdf( d|cd~yefk ` smgd{l`y ymm kqd`y

jhdslefdss( `fi ` yq`cd mj g`ffdqesg& G`fu mj les {mqos ef les f`yezd cmtfyqu {dqd idsyqmudi au `f

d`qylptòd& Smgd qdgèf `y yld Ftfre`y` id+ Yd`yefe( {ldqd ef yld cl`~dh mj yld Cqtceje| `qd les jqdscms( `fi `

~ecytqd au leg ef meh mj yld F`yezeyu mj yld Zeqkef&W




_Jmmyfmyd 00:2 Kem& A`yesy` Itq`fi( mj Atqktfiu( {`s dsyàhesldi ef Gdssef`& Ld {`s yld sclmh`q mj

Imgdfeclefm( `fi {`s `h{ùs `yy`cldi ym les g`ffdq& Mj les h`qkdq {mqos {d jefi mfhu ` S& Cdcehe` ef yld

cmfzdfy mj yl`y sèfy( `s ld {`s kdfdq`hhu mcct~edi ef ~èfyefk ~mqyqèys& Ld lì ` i`tklydq c`hhdi Jh`ze`( yld

{ejd mj Jehe~~m Ke`ffdyye( soehhdi ef ~mqyqèys( `fi `f d|cdhhdfy cm~uesy&W

_Jmmyfmyd 00;2 Imgdfecm G`qmhe( Mfmjqem Kàqedhhm( `fi @kmsyefm Scehh`( {dqd yld ylqdd ~èfydqs mj Gdssef`

{lm iei leg yld gmsy lmfmtq( `hylmtkl jqmg adefk dfk`kdi ef yld qdzmhtyemfs mj 0:;9 `fi 0:;:( yld jeqsy hmsyles hejd( `fi yld myldq y{m {dqd hmfk d|ehds jqmg yldeq cmtfyqu& G`qmhe iei fmy ìm~y yld syuhd mj A`qa`htfk`

d|chtsezdhu( aty l`zefk gìd ` zmu`kd ym Zdfecd( `fi yldqd sytiedi yld {mqos mj yld adsy Zdfdye`f `qyesys( `fi

~`qyecth`qhu mj ^`mhm( ld qdytqfdi {eyl g`fu mj yld d|cdhhdfcds mj yl`y kqd`y g`sydq( aqehhe`fy jhdsl yefys( `

ad`tyejth èq ef les ldìs( `fi ` jefd syuhd ef les iq`{efks mj {mgdf( ` y`hdfy {lecl ld àtsdi `s gtcl mq

gmqd yl`f Headqe& Ym yles gmq`h zecd ld ìidi ` ~qmjdssemf`h mfd( {lecl {`s ~èfyefk smgdyegds mf yld

eg~qegeytqd( `fi kdfdq`hhu {eyl heyyhd cmhmtq? {ldfcd les {mqos( {lecl {dqd d|ymhhdi `fi smtkly `jydq {ldf

fd{( adc`gd( {ldf mhi( fdkhdcydi( heod ylmsd i`qo ~èfyefks mj yld Zdfdye`f Sclmmh( {lecl {d l`zd

gdfyemfdi& Gdssef` l`s g`fu mj yldg2 yld G`qyuqimg mj S& ^h`ceim `y yld Stmqd ie S& ^`mhm( yld F`yezeyu mj

yld Zeqkef ef yld cltqcl idhh` Kqmyy`( `fi smgd myldqs& Ef Zdfecd yldqd gtsy `hsm ad qdgèfefk ef ~qez`yd

cmhhdcyemfs( smgd mj les ~èfyefks mj `feg`hs ef yld syuhd mj A`ss`fm( `s {d l`zd adjmqd gdfyemfdi& Mfmjqem

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Qmgd( tfyeh ~`ssefk `fmyldq fefd ud`qs ef Zdfecd {eyl G`qmhe( ld aqmtkly a`co {eyl leg ym Gdssef` yl`y

g`sydq+s zecemts gdylmi mj cmhmtq( aty fmy les syuhd& Ef yld h`yydq ld ègdi `y mqekef`heyu( d|leaeyefk gtcl

heklyfdss( kq`cd( `fi j`fcu( ef yld `ccdssmqu ~`qys( `fi ef qeaamfs( bd{dhs( `fi h`cd( ef {lecl ld ~`qyecth`qhu

d|cdhhdi& Ld hdjy g`fu ~ecytqds ef Gdssef`( ef yld cltqcl mj S& Jq`fcdscm ie ^`mh`2 g`fu `hsm ef ^ìt`( ef yld

Ktei` mj {lecl ceyu z`qemts ~ecytqds au leg `qd dftgdq`ydi( {eylmty gdfyemfefk les càefdy ~ecytqds `fi

~mqyqèys ef ~qez`yd cmhhdcyemfs& E l`zd sddf sdzdq`h ef ~mssdssemf mj yld fmahd `fi hd`qfdi Sek& Cm& @fymfem

G`qe` Amqqmgdm? `gmfksy {lecl es ` j`gehu ~edcd {eyl ` ~mqyqèy mj yld ~èfydq&

@kmsyefm Scehh`( mq Sehh`( `s Mqh`fie c`hhs leg( m~dfdi ` sclmmh ef Gdssef`( {lecl {`s gtcl jqdptdfydi {lehd

ey h`sydi( aty yld sclmh`qs {dqd ies~dqsdi au yld symqg mj qdzmhtyemfs( ef {lecl yldu ymmo ` ~`qy( fmy {eylmty

kqd`y efbtqu amyl ym yld `qy `fi yldgsdhzds& Ld ~mssdssdi `f dhdk`fy kdfets jmq ~èfyefk( {lecl ld cthyez`ydi(

`fi ìidi ym ey ` y`syd jmq ~mdyqu( f`ytq`h lesymqu( `fi `fyepteyeds& Les kdfets qèsdi stcl lekl d|~dcy`yemfs efA`qa`htfk`( yl`y ld ~qmctqdi ` ~dfsemf jmq leg jqmg yld sdf`yd( ef mqidq ym dfàhd leg ym qdseid ef Qmgd

tfidq @fiqd` S`ccle& @jydq jmtq ud`qs ld qdytqfdi ym Gdssef`( leklhu `ccmg~hesldi( jqmg les sytiu mj yld

`fyeptd `fi mj Q`jj`dhhm( `fi ej les cmhmtqefk {`s `y jeqsy smgd{l`y iqu( ld smmf qdfidqdi ey qecl `fi

`kqddàhd& Ld d|cdhhdi ef jektqds `fi ef ldìs( ~`qyecth`qhu mj mhi gdf( `fi lì ` ~dcthe`q y`hdfy ef h`fisc`~ds(

`feg`hs( `fi jqtey& Jmq yles E gù qdjdq ym yld Qmg`f Sclmmh( {ldqd ld es gdfyemfdi {eyl les aqmyldq `fi smf&

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Tqsth`( yl`f {lecl {mqo yldqd es fm kqd`ydq j`zmtqeyd {eyl yld ~tahec&

Mj yld sclmh`qs mj Scehh`( {lm qdgèfdi ef Gdssef` `jydq yld id~`qytqd mj yldeq g`sydq( yldqd es fmy gtcl ym ad

sèi& J& Dg`ftdh i` Cmgm {d l`zd gdfyemfdi dhsd{ldqd& Ketsd~~d A`hdsyqedqm( `f d|cdhhdfy cm~uesy mj yld{mqos mj @kmsyefm( `fi ` kmmi idsekfdq( `jydq ~èfyefk smgd ~ecytqds( adc`gd ` ~qedsy( `fi ymmo hd`zd mj yld

`qy& @fymfem h` J`hcd {`s ` kmmi ~èfydq ef iesydg~dq `fi ef meh& Ld `jydq{`qis `yydg~ydi jqdscms( `fi ~èfydi

y`zdqf scdfds& ^h`ceim Cdhe( ` g`f mj sefkth`q y`hdfys( aty aì làeys( jmhhm{di les g`sydq ym Qmgd& Ld yldqd

cl`fkdi les syuhd jmq yl`y mj G`q`yy` `fi Gmq`fie? `jydq {lmsd {mqos ld ~èfydi ef Qmgd( ef yld cltqclds

idhh+@feg` `fi Yq`s~mfyef`( `fi ef sdzdq`h cltqclds mj les m{f cmtfyqu( aty ld fdzdq ~`ssdi yld amtfis mj

gdiemcqeyu& @ lekldq qd~ty`yemf adhmfks ym @fymfem Gìemf`( mj Suq`ctsd( {lm `hylmtkl ld sd~`q`ydi legsdhj

jqmg Scehh` ef Qmgd( ym jmhhm{ eh ^qdye ym G`hy`( {`s fdzdqyldhdss `f efitsyqemts `qyesy( `fi ~èfydi amyl yldqd

`fi ef Secehu( ef ` syqmfk `fi zekmqmts syuhd( {lecl ~`qyòds mj amyl les g`sydqs& @fi yles gù stjjecd jmq yld

gdgadqs mj yles tfjmqytf`yd sclmmh&

Ym cmg~hdyd yld hesy mj yld cledj sclmh`qs mj A`qa`htfk`( E gù gdfyemf ldqd A`qymhmggdm Yqecmge( {lm




cmfjefdi legsdhj ym ~mqyqèy ~èfyefk( `fi ef yles ldqdiey`qu kejy mj yld sclmmh mj Imgdfeclefm( ld kqd`yhu

d|cdhhdi& Ld lì fmy{eylsy`fiefk ef @fiqd` St~~` ` sclmh`q {lm stq~`ssdi leg& Yld h`yydq hd`qfdi `hsm mj

C`sdgaqmy( `s j`q `s qdk`qis h`fisc`~d `fi `qcleydcytqd? aty ld jmqgdi legsdhj ~qefce~`hhu mf yld `fyeptd? `fi

au cmfsy`fyhu sytiuefk Q`jj`dhhm `fi yld C`q`cce( `fi myldq sdhdcy g`sydqs( mq yldeq iq`{efks( ld `cpteqdi `

gmsy dfcl`fyefk syuhd mj cmtfydf`fcd( `fi efiddi mj dzdqu ~`qy mj les cmg~mseyemf& Les {mqos `qd `s jefd `s

gefe`ytqd( `fi `qd ~dql`~s ymm leklhu jefesldi& Les stabdcys( ef tfesmf {eyl les kdfets( `qd mj ` ~dfsezd `fi

gdh`fclmhu c`sy( `fi `qd `h{ùs yqd`ydi ef ` ~`yldyec g`ffdq& Ld d|cdhhdi ef jqdscms( `fi ~èfydi yld z`thys efyld Stmqd ef S& ^`mhm? ld d|cdhhdi dpt`hhu ef mehs( `s gù ad sddf jqmg yld ~ecytqd mj S& Scmh`syec`( yldqd `hsm&

Smgd mj les {mqos {dqd hmsy au d`qylptòds& Les syuhd {`s l`~~ehu egey`ydi au @fymfem Amz`( les sclmh`q( `fi

{d gù cmg~`qd yldeq {mqos ymkdyldq `y yld Ftfre`y` id+ Yd`yefe& Ld ~èfydi gtcl ef meh( `s {dhh `s jqdscm(

`fi jqmg les ~h`cei `fi yq`fpteh ies~mseyemf( ymmo fm ~`qy ef yld qdzmhtyemfs mj Gdssef`( aty qdgèfdi `y lmgd(

{ldqd ld chmsdi les iùs ef ~d`cd( `fi {eyl leg d|~eqdi yld sclmmh mj A`qa`htfk`&W

_Jmmyfmyd 00<2 ^`scmhe( Zeyd( ymg& e& ~& 015&W

_Jmmyfmyd 0052 E gù efsdqy `y yld chmsd mj yles d~mcl yld f`gds mj smgd Secehe`f ~èfydqs( {lm jhmtqesldi ef ey(

mq `y yld adkeffefk mj yld jmhhm{efk( efsyqtcydi au z`qemts g`sydqs& Yldu {dqd jtqfesldi ym gd au yld Sek&

@fs`him( {lmsd `yydfyemfs E l`zd adjmqd `cofm{hdikdi( `fi {dqd yq`fsgeyydi ym leg au ` ~èfydq mj yl`y

esh`fi& Jehe~~m Y`fcqdie {`s mj Gdssef`( aty es fmy `ssekfdi ym `fu mj yld adjmqd gdfyemfdi g`sydqs( `s ld

sytiedi ef F`~hds `fi ef Qmgd tfidq G`q`yy`& Ld {`s ` soehjth `qyesy( cmg~msdi `fi cmhmtqdi {dhh? {`s

cdhdaq`ydi ef Gdssef`( `fi `hsm ef ^`hdqgm( {ldqd ld hezdi g`fu ud`qs( `fi {ldqd yld z`thy mj yld cltqcl id+

Yd`yefe( `fi yl`y `hsm mj yld Kdsõ Ftmzm {dqd ~èfydi au leg& Yld C`z& êdyqm Fmzdhhe ,mq Gmqdhhe( {lecl

h`yydq lm{dzdq E qdk`qi `s `f dqqmq% c`hhdi Gmfqd`hdsd jqmg les f`yezd ~h`cd( `hsm dfbmudi yld qd~ty`yemf mj `

kmmi ~èfydq( `fi `f àhd `qcleydcy& Ld yldqd hdjy g`fu {mqos ef meh `fi jqdscm( `fi yld kqd`y ~ecytqd mj yld

G`qqe`kd `y C`f`( ef yld qdjdcymqu mj yld ^& ^& Adfdidyyefe( es ~`qyecth`qhu cmggdfidi& Ld qdseidi jmq ` hmfk

yegd ef ^`hdqgm( `fi yld kqd`ydsy {mqo ld yldqd d|dctydi( {`s ef yld cltqcl mj yld Cmfzdfyt`hs( yld z`thy mj

{lecl {`s iezeidi efym cmg~`qygdfys( `fi {lmhhu ~èfydi au legsdhj& Kt`qedfye dthmkesds leg jmq les syuhd( `s

iehekdfy ef cm~uefk f`ytqd( cmqqdcy ef idsekf( `fi kq`cdjth ef les cmhmtqefk( {eyl smgd egey`yemf mj

S~`kfmhdyym? `fi yld ~dm~hd mj ^`hdqgm cmfjdq ièhu lmfmtq mf leg( sefcd( {ldfdzdq yldu gddy {eyl `

jmqdekfdq mj y`syd( yldu ~mefy mty ym leg heyyhd dhsd ef yld ceyu( yl`f yld {mqos mj yles kqd`y g`f& êdyqm @pteh`(mj G`qr`hh`( ` iesyefktesldi `qyesy( {lm dfkq`zdi yld J`qfdsd k`hhdqu( hdjy fm {mqos ym gu ofm{hdikd ef

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yld C`z& Ketsd~~d ^`hìefe( ` Secehe`f( E jefi cmggdfidi `y S& Bmsd~l ie C`sydh Ydqgefe( yld ~ecytqd mj yld

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efscqeadi ef yld `cìdgu mj S& Htod( jqmg yld qdkesydqs mj {lecl E l`zd idqezdi smgd efjmqg`yemf jmq gu yleqi

`fi jmtqyl zmhtgds( cmggtfec`ydi ym gd au yld Sek& G`qmf( yld {mqylu sdcqdy`qu mj yld `cìdgu&W

_Jmmyfmyd 01>2 Ef yles d~mcl jhmtqesldi ef Gdssef` mfd @aq`l`g C`sdgaqmy( ` Ityclg`f( {lm {`s

cmfseidqdi mfd mj yld jeqsy ~èfydqs mj les yegd( mj h`fisc`~d( sd`~edcds( l`qamtqs( `fi ydg~dsys& Ld ~qmjdssdi`qcleydcytqd `hsm( `fi {`s cdhdaq`ydi jmq les sg`hh jektqds& Ld {`s `cctsymgdi ym kezd yld lekldsy jefesl ym

dzdqu ylefk ld ~èfydi& Yld cltqcl mj S& Kemz`cclefm l`s ylqdd ~ecytqds mj yld ^`ssemf au leg& Smgd

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`fi kdfdq`hhu ym Lmhh`fi& Ldfcd gmsy mj yld cmhhdcymqs mj Gdssef` ytqfdi ym Bmcefm( yld cmfydg~mq`qu mj

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yl`y mqidq ef Gdssef`( `fi ld `ssekfs yld ~`hg ym leg `gmfk yld ~èfydqs mj les mqidq( {lecl am`sydi fmy `




jd{&W

FD@^MHEY@F SCLMMH&

JMTQYL D^MCL&

Htc` Kemqi`fm( Smhegdfd( `fi yldeq sclmh`qs&

@ heyyhd adumfi yld geiihd mj yld 0;yl cdfytqu( Htc` Kemqi`fm adk`f ym jhmtqesl ef F`~hds& Yles g`sydq(

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pt`heyu mj ad`tyu dssdfye`h ym yld {mqos mj yl`y kqd`y g`sydq( {mthi ad idcdezdi au yld egey`yemf mj Kemqi`fm&

Ld iei fmy lm{dzdq ~dqg`fdfyhu ìm~y `fu mj yldsd syuhds `s les m{f& @y jeqsy ld dzeidfyhu jmqgdi legsdhj mf

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^`th Zdqmfdsd? `fi ld dzdq qdyèfdi yld g`|eg mj yl`y g`sydq( au ` sytiedi idcmq`yemf ym d|ceyd `symfeslgdfy(

`fi ym j`scef`yd yld dud& Jqmg Cmqymf` ld sddgs ym l`zd yòdf les cmfyq`sy mj cmg~mseyemf( yld kqd`y g`ssds mj

hekly( `fi yld jqdptdfy qd~dyeyemf mj yld s`gd jd`ytqds( {lecl( ef les jdg`hd jektqds( ld `h{ùs cm~edi jqmg les{ejd& Ef myldq qds~dcys ld ègdi `y iesyefkteslefk legsdhj jqmg dzdqu myldq g`sydq au ` fmzdh gmid mj

cmhmtqefk& Ld {`s fmy smheceymts ym cmfjmqg ym yld yqtd ~qefce~hds mj `qy? les syuhd es fmy f`ytq`h deyldq ef ymfd

mq cmhmtq( `fi syehh hdss sm ef eys cle`qmsctqm( ef {lecl Kemqi`fm jmqgdi jmq legsdhj ` g`ffdq eid`h `fi {lmhhu

`qaeyq`qu& Ld ~hd`sdi( fmy{eylsy`fiefk( au ` cdqyèf idcd~yezd kq`cd `fi `yyq`cyemf( {lecl jd{ `yydg~y( `fi

{lecl fmfd l`zd jmtfi ey d`su ym egey`yd& Fmq iei ld qdcmggdfi yles syuhd ym les sclmh`qs( aty mf yld cmfyq`qu

qd~qmzdi yldg {ldf ld s`{ yldg ies~msdi ym egey`yd leg( ydhhefk yldg yl`y ey {`s fmy yld ~qmzefcd mj umtfk

sytidfys ym ~dfdyq`yd sm j`q& Ld {`s {dhh `cptèfydi {eyl yld ~qefce~hds mj idsekf( aty {mthi fmy ad `y yld

yqmtahd mj masdqzefk yldg? `fi ef yld m~efemf mj Imgefece( ej ld lì ìldqdi ym yldg ymm qekeihu ld {mthi

l`zd dfjddahdi yl`y s~eqey {lecl es les kqd`ydsy gdqey? `f d|ctsd {lecl ~dql`~s {ehh fmy `~~d`q s`yesj`cymqu ym

dzdqu `g`ydtq& @fmyldq qd`smf gù {eyl gmqd ~qmaàeheyu mj yqtyl ad `ssekfdi( {lecl {`s les tfamtfidi

ct~eieyu( `fi les làey mj fmy qdjtsefk cmggessemfs jqmg yld gd`fdsy pt`qydq( {lecl hdi leg ym àtsd les




j`ceheyu ym yld ~qdbtiecd mj les qd~ty`yemf& Ldfcd( `gmfk myldq ylefks( ld l`s addf `cctsdi mj l`zefk mjydf

~èfydi st~dqjece`hhu( {eylmty eg~`sym( `fi {eyl ` st~dqàtfi`fcd mj meh( sm yl`y smgd mj les ~ecytqds l`zd

`hgmsy ies`~~d`qdi jqmg yld c`fz`ss&

F`~hds àmtfis {eyl yld {mqos mj Kemqi`fm amyl ~tahec `fi ~qez`yd& Yldqd es sc`qcdhu ` cltqcl ef yl`y kqd`y

ceyu {lecl imds fmy am`sy smgd {mqo au leg& @ gtcl ìgeqdi ~edcd es yld D|~thsemf mj yld sdhhdqs `fi atudqs

jqmg yld Ydg~hd `y yld ^& ^& Keqmh`gefe2 yld `qcleydcytq`h ~`qys mj {lecl `qd ~èfydi au Gmsc`yedhhm( ` kmmi~dqs~dcyezd ~èfydq& Mj les jqdscms( ylmsd `y yld Yqd`stqu mj yld Cdqyms` `qd dsyddgdi yld adsy& Yldu {dqd

d|dctydi au leg {ldf les ~m{dqs {dqd g`ytqdi( `fi `~~d`q ym tfeyd ef yldgsdhzds `hh yld adsy pt`heyeds mj yld

`qyesy& Dzdqu mfd gtsy ad jmqceahu syqtco au yld ~ecytqd mj yld Sdq~dfy qèsdi ef yld idsdqy( `fi yld ylqmfk mj

Esq`dheyds( {lm( `ssèhdi ef ` lmqqeahd g`ffdq( ytqf ym ey jmq qdhedj& Yld myldq ~ecytqds mf yld {`hhs `fi ef yld

z`thy( `hh scqe~ytq`h( `qd dpt`hhu ~m{dqjth ef djjdcy& Yld ct~mh` mj S& Aqekei` es `hsm d|ymhhdi( {lecl {`s

~èfydi ef cmg~dyeyemf {eyl Jq`fcdscm ie G`qe`( `fi ef sm zdqu slmqy ` yegd( `fi {eyl stcl j`scef`yefk yefys(

yl`y ey {`s ~qdjdqqdi au yld zthk`q ym yld {mqo mj yl`y `ccmg~hesldi g`sydq( `fi ylts sdqzdi ym iejjtsd hdss

smhei ~qefce~hds `gmfk yld qesefk `qyesys& @s ` geq`chd mj ids~`ycl {d `qd `hsm sld{f yld ~ecytqd mj S& S`zdqem(

~èfydi jmq yld cltqcl mj yl`y sèfy ef ` iù `fi ` l`hj( jthh mj jektqds( `fi `s ad`tyejth ef cmhmtq `s `fu mj les

~ecytqds& Htc` {dfy ym Jhmqdfcd ym ~èfy yld C`~dhh` Cmqsefe `fi yld Qecc`qie K`hhdqu( adseids g`fu {mqos ef

yld cltqclds `fi jmq efiezeit`hs( ~`qyecth`qhu jmq yld fmahd lmtsd mj Qmssm( {lm ~mssdssdi yld A`cc`f`he mj

Kemqi`fm( `jydq{`qis qdgmzdi ym yld ~`h`cd mj yld G`qcldsd Kefm C`~~mfe& Ld {`s `hsm dg~hmudi au yld

Kq`fi Itod? `fi Cmsgm EEE&( ef {lmsd ~qdsdfcd ld idsekfdi `fi ~èfydi ` h`qkd ~ecytqd ef hdss yegd yl`f E

i`qd gdfyemf( cmg~hegdfydi leg au sùefk yl`y ld {`s ` jey ~èfydq jmq ` smzdqdekf ~qefcd& Yld s`gd

dthmketg {`s ~`ssdi mf leg au Cl`qhds EE& mj S~èf( ef {lmsd cmtqy ld qdseidi yleqyddf ud`qs? `fi( ym btikd

jqmg yld ftgadq mj {mqos ld hdjy yldqd( ey gekly ad st~~msdi yl`y ld lì cmfstgdi ` hmfk hejd ef les sdqzecd&

Ld cmfyeftdi `fi jefesldi yld sdqeds mj ~èfyefks adktf au C`gae`se mj Kdfm`( ef yld cltqcl mj yld Dsctqe`h(

`fi mqf`gdfydi yld z`thy( yld ct~mh`( `fi yld {`hhs {eyl g`fu scqe~ytq`h stabdcys( cledjhu jqmg yld hejd mj

Smhmgmf& Ld ~èfydi smgd myldq h`qkd cmg~mseyemfs ef jqdscm ef ` cltqcl mj S& @fymfem( ef yld ~`h`cd mj

Atmfqeyeqm( ef yld L`hh mj yld @ga`ssìmqs? `fi jmq yld Ptddf Gmyldq ` F`yezeyu( gmsy leklhu jefesldi( {lecl

es sèi ym ad ` stq~qesefk ~ecytqd( `fi ~dql`~s st~dqemq ym `fu myldq mj les ~èfyefk& Ej `hh les {mqos lì addf

d|dctydi {eyl segeh`q c`qd( yld masdqz`yemf( yl`y les d|`g~hd lì cmqqt~ydi yld S~`fesl Sclmmh( gekly ~dql`~s

l`zd addf s~`qdi&_013W Ef les mhi `kd ld qdytqfdi ym les f`yezd ~h`cd( hmìdi {eyl lmfmtqs `fi qeclds( `fi iedih`gdfydi `fi qdkqdyydi `s yld kqd`ydsy kdfets mj les `kd&

Les sclmmh ~qmitcdi aty jd{ idsekfdqs mj gdqey? gmsy mj yldg {dqd cmfy`gef`ydi au yld g`|eg mj yldeq

g`sydq( yl`y ey es yld ~qmzefcd mj ` ~èfydq ym ~hd`sd yld ~tahec( `fi yl`y yldeq j`zmtq es gmqd d`sehu {mf au

cmhmtq yl`f au cmqqdcy idsekf? sm yl`y( {eylmty gtcl `yydfyemf ym yld h`yydq( yldu k`zd yldgsdhzds dfyeqdhu ym

j`ceheyu mj l`fi& Les j`zmqeyd sclmh`qs {dqd @fedhhm Qmsse mj F`~hds( `fi G`yydm ^`cdhhe idhh` A`sehec`y`(

{lmg ld ymmo {eyl leg ym S~èf `s `ssesy`fys( `fi {lm qdytqfdi {eyl leg lmgd {eyl l`fismgd ~dfsemfs( `fi

hezdi `jydq ef hdestqd `fi efid~dfidfcd& Feccmhm Qmsse mj F`~hds adc`gd ` kmmi idsekfdq `fi cmhmtqesy ef yld

syuhd mj les g`sydq( `hylmtkl smgd{l`y ymm qdi ef les yefys& Ef smgd mj les gmqd eg~mqy`fy {mqos( `s ef yld

smjjeyym mj yld qmu`h cl`~dh( Kemqi`fm `ssesydi leg {eyl les idsekfs& Ld ~èfydi gtcl jmq ~qez`yd efiezeit`hs(

`fi {`s cmfseidqdi fd|y ym Qdcm ef les iq`{efks mj `feg`hs& Yld Ktei` mj F`~hds cmggdfis leg `fiYmgg`sm J`s`fm( jmq yldeq soehh ef ~èfyefk ef iesydg~dq smgd zdqu jefd {mqos jmq S`fye Sd~mhcqe `fi

Pt`q`fymqd& Ketsd~~d Segmfdhhe( mqekef`hhu ` sdqz`fy mj Kemqi`fm( adc`gd `f `cctq`yd cm~uesy mj les {mqos(

`fi `f d|cdhhdfy egey`ymq mj les cmhmtqefk& Ld iei fmy stccddi ef idsekf( ylmtkl ld es ~qèsdi jmq ` S& Feccmh`

ie Ymhdfyefm ef yld cltqcl mj Gmfyds`fym( {lecl `~~qm`clds ym yld adsy `fi gmsy cmqqdcy g`ffdq mj Kemqi`fm&

@fiqd` Gekhemfecm lì gmqd j`ceheyu mj efzdfyemf( `fi dpt`h y`syd ef cmhmtq( aty ld l`s hdss kq`cd yl`f

Segmfdhhe& @fiqd` `hsm ~èfydi ef g`fu cltqclds ef F`~hds( `fi E jefi leg leklhu cmggdfidi jmq les ~ecytqd

mj yld ^dfydcmsy ef yld S& S& Ftfre`y`& @ Jq`fcdscleyym( ` S~`fe`qi( {`s sm ~qmgesefk `f `qyesy yl`y Htc` {`s

`cctsymgdi ym sù( yl`y ld {mthi ~qmzd ` kqd`ydq g`f yl`f les g`sydq& Aty ld iedi zdqu umtfk( hd`zefk ef

F`~hds ` j`zmtqàhd s~dcegdf mj les kdfets ef yld S& ^`spt`hd( {lecl ld ~èfydi ef S& G`qe` idh Gmfyd& Ey

cmfyèfs ` ad`tyejth h`fisc`~d( `fi ` idheklyjth clmeq mj `fkdhs&




Aty les jeqsy sclmh`q( ef ~mefy mj d|cdhhdfcd( {`s ^`mhm id+ G`yydes( gdfyemfdi `hsm au ^`scmhe `gmfk yld adsy

sclmh`qs mj Gmq`fie( `fi `f `qyesy {lm gekly zed {eyl yld jeqsy mj les `kd& Ld {`s efzeydi ym Jq`fcd( `fi itqefk

yld ylqdd ud`qs yl`y ld qdseidi yldqd( mayèfdi cmfseidqàhd cdhdaqeyu ef yld cmtqy `fi ef yld oefkimg `y h`qkd&

Ld {`s yldf dfk`kdi au Adfdiecy \EEE& ym cmgd ym Qmgd( {ldqd ld ~èfydi `y yld Gefdqz` `fi `y yld @q`

Cmdhe& Ld idcmq`ydi myldq ceyeds `hsm {eyl les {mqos( ~`qyecth`qhu Kdfm`( {lecl l`s y{m zdqu z`htàhd ~ecytqds

au leg `y S& Keqmh`gm? yld mfd( yl`y sèfy `~~d`qefk `fi s~dòefk ym S& S`zdqem ef ` iqd`g? yld myldq( yld

Egg`cth`yd Cmfcd~yemf {eyl `f `fkdhec clmeq( `s kq`cdjth `s dzdq {`s ~èfydi& Les lmgd {`s(fmy{eylsy`fiefk( ef F`~hds( `fi yl`y es yld ~h`cd {ldqd {d mtkly ym zed{ leg& Ld yldqd idcmq`ydi {eyl les

jqdscms yld cltqclds( k`hhdqeds( l`hhs( `fi cdehefks ef kqd`y ftgadq? mjydf qez`hhefk yld cdhdqeyu {eylmty `yyèfefk

yld gdqey mj les g`sydq& Ey {`s les am`sy ym l`zd ~èfydi ef se|yu'se| iùs ` h`qkd ct~mh`( yl`y mj yld Kdsõ

Ftmzm( ` jd{ ud`qs sefcd yòdf im{f ef cmfsdptdfcd mj eys i`fkdqmts sy`yd? ` am`sy {lecl( {ldf Smhegdfd

ld`qi( ld s`qc`syec`hhu qd~hedi( yl`y yld {mqo idch`qdi yld j`cy eysdhj {eylmty les gdfyemfefk ey& Fdzdqyldhdss

yldqd {dqd sm g`fu ad`tyeds ef ey ef yld syuhd mj H`fjq`fcm( yl`y eys q`~ei d|dctyemf d|ceydi ìgeq`yemf&

[ldf ld {mqodi {eyl c`qd( `s ef yld cltqcl mj yld êe M~dqè( ef yld G`y`hmf` K`hhdqu( `fi ef g`fu ~ecytqds

jmq ~qez`yd efiezeit`hs( ld hdjy fmylefk ym idseqd( deyldq ef les cmg~mseyemf( ef yld kq`cd mj les cmfymtq( ef yld

ad`tyu mj les cmtfydf`fcds( ylmtkl yldqd {`s heyyhd z`qedyu ef yld h`yydq( mq ef `fu mj yld myldq dsyegàhd

pt`heyeds mj ` ~èfydq& Les cmhmtqefk {`s `y jeqsy Kemqi`fdsptd? `jydq{`qis ld ~èfydi {eyl gmqd jmqcd mj

cle`qmsctqm( aty {eyl ` smjyfdss `fi idhec`cu mj yefy( ~`qyecth`qhu ef yld gìmff`s `fi clehiqdf( {ldqd ld

smgdyegds ies~hùs yld s{ddyfdss mj @ha`fm( `fi ` yq`cd mj yld Qmg`f Sclmmh( ef {lecl ld lì `hsm sytiedi&

Ld {`s fmy zdqu l`~~u ef les sclmh`qs( {lm {dqd fmy ftgdqmts& Ketsd~~d G`syqmhdm es yld gmsy

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yld d|`g~hd mj ^`mhm( ld `yyèfdi ` st`zeyu mj cmhmtq `fi mj cle`qmsctqm( gtcl ~qèsdi ef les h`qkdq {mqos( `s

yld k`hhdqu mj yld Itod mj S& Feccmh` K`dy`( `fi ~`qyecth`qhu ef les ~ecytqds mj sg`hh jektqds ef cmhhdcyemfs& Ef

yldsd ld {`s jmfi mj qd~qdsdfyefk guylmhmkec`h symqeds( `fi yldu `qd fmy tfjqdptdfy ef F`~hds `fi eys

ydqqeymqeds&

Jq`fcdscm Smhegdfd( c`hhdi H+@a`yd Ceccem( amqf `y Fmcdq` id+ ^`k`fe( {`s yld smf mj @fkdhm( ` sclmh`q mj

G`ssegm& D`qhu egaeaefk ` hmzd mj ~èfyefk( ld jmqsmmo yld sytiu mj hdyydqs( `fi `jydq qdcdezefk yld jeqsyqtiegdfys mj yld `qy jqmg les j`yldq( ld qd~èqdi ym F`~hds& Ld yldqd dfydqdi yld sclmmh mj Jq`fcdscm ie G`qe`(

aty smmf hdjy ey( `s ld ylmtkly yl`y g`sydq ymm d|chtsezdhu idzmydi ym idsekf& Ld yldf jqdptdfydi yld `cìdgu

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gù ad sèi ym l`zd addf yld sclmh`q mj yld adsy g`sydqs( `s ld `h{ùs cm~edi `fi sytiedi yldeq {mqos& @y jeqsy

ld egey`ydi êdyqm i` Cmqymf`( aty `jydq{`qis jmqgdi ` g`ffdq mj les m{f( syehh qdyèfefk yl`y g`sydq `s les

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Smhegdfd `~~qm`cldi fd`qdq yl`f `fu myldq ym yl`y mj ^qdye& Yld idsekf es fmy sm cmqqdcy( yld cmhmtqefk fmy sm

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`qd mjydf sdhdcydi jqmg f`ytqd& Ldfcd au smgd ld {`s c`hhdi eh C`z& C`hàqdsd qefkdfyeheym& Ym yld syuhd mj

^qdye ld ìidi yl`y mj H`fjq`fcm( {lmg ld f`gdi les g`sydq( `fi jqmg {lmg ld ìm~ydi yl`y ctqzefk jmqg mj

cmg~mseyemf( {lecl ld ~dql`~s c`qqedi adumfi ~qm~qedyu& Jqmg yldsd y{m g`sydqs ld ymmo les cle`qmsctqm({lecl ld ~èfydi syqmfk ef les geiihd `kd( aty smjydfdi `s ld ìz`fcdi ef ud`qs( `fi yldf `yy`cldi legsdhj

gmqd ym j`ceheyu `fi dhdk`fcd mj syuhd& Ld c`qdjthhu idsekfdi dzdqu ~`qy mj les ~ecytqd( `fi cmqqdcydi ey jqmg

f`ytqd adjmqd ld cmhmtqdi ey? sm yl`y ef ~qd~`qefk les {mqos( ld gù ad efchtidi `gmfk yld gmsy cmqqdcy( `y

hd`sy ef les adyydq iùs( jmq ld h`yydqhu idchefdi efym yld kdfdq`h j`ceheyu( `fi m~dfdi yld {ù ym g`ffdqesg& Ld

~mssdssdi `f dhdk`fy `fi jqteyjth y`hdfy mj efzdfyemf( jmq {lecl ld es cdhdaq`ydi au yld ~mdys mj yld iù& Ld {`s

`hsm cl`q`cydqesdi au ` smqy mj tfezdqs`heyu ef dzdqu syuhd ld `yydg~ydi( d|ydfiefk legsdhj ym dzdqu aq`fcl mj

yld `qy? lesymqu( ~mqyqèy( h`fisc`~d( `feg`hs( jqtey( `qcleydcytqd( tydfsehs? `fi {l`ydzdq ld `yydg~ydi( ld

sddgdi jmqgdi jmq yl`y `hmfd& @s ld hezdi yehh yld `kd mj fefdyu( `fi {`s dfim{di {eyl kqd`y cdhdqeyu mj ~dfceh(

les {mqos( heod ylmsd mj Kemqi`fm( {dqd s~qdì mzdq `hh Dtqm~d& Mj yl`y `qyesy ld {`s `y yld s`gd yegd yld

cmg~dyeymq `fi yld jqedfi( hdss ~m{dqjth ef kdfets( aty gmqd cmqqdcy ef les ~qefce~hds& [ldf Kemqi`fm iedi(

`fi Smhegdfd adc`gd yld jeqsy ~èfydq ef Ey`hu( fmy{eylsy`fiefk {l`y les qez`hs sèi mj les cmhmtqs fmy adefk




yqtd ym f`ytqd( ld adk`f ym `so d|yq`z`k`fy ~qecds jmq les ~ecytqds( `fi syehh àmtfidi ef cmggessemfs&

Mfd mj les gmsy iesyefktesldi {mqos es yld s`cqesyu mj yld ^& ^& Yd`yefe idyye ie S& ^`mhm G`kkemqd( ~èfydi ef

z`qemts cmg~`qygdfys& Les ~ecytqds `hsm ef yld `qclds mj yld cl`~dhs ef yld cltqcl mj yld Lmhu @~msyhds

idsdqzd ym ad gdfyemfdi& Yl`y {mqo lì addf d|dctydi au Ke`cmgm idh ^m( ym cmqqds~mfi {eyl yld syuhd mj yld

yqeatfd( `fi yld myldq {mqos {lecl H`fjq`fcm lì ~èfydi yldqd2 aty ^m iei fmy s`yesju yld ~tahec d|~dcy`yemf&

Yld {lmhd {mqo {`s yldqdjmqd djj`cdi( `fi Smhegdfd {`s dg~hmudi ym ~èfy ey mzdq `kèf( `fi ~qmzdi yl`y ld{`s gmqd {mqylu mj yld cmggessemf& Yld cl`~dh mj S& Jehe~~m ef yld cltqcl mj yld Mq`ymqu( es ` ~qmmj mj les

d|yqdgd c`qd `fi `yydfyemf? dzdqu jektqd ef ey adefk `hgmsy `s jefdhu jefesldi `s ` gefe`ytqd& @gmfk ~qez`yd

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{lmg ld ~èfydi ` k`hhdqu( {lecl `jydq{`qis adc`gd `f `cìdgu jmq umtfk `qyesys& Mj les h`qkd ~ecytqds {d

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~èfydi jmtq syt~dfimts ~ecytqds ef yld clmeq& Yldu {ehh ad jmtfi ef yld Idscqeremfd Esymqec` idh Gmfesydqm ie

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Dfi mj yld ^qmbdcy Ktydfadqk DAmmo mj Yld Lesymqu mj ^èfyefk ef Ey`hu( Zmh& 1 ,mj :%( au Hteke @fymfem H`fre

""" DFI MJ YLES ^QMBDCY KTYDFADQK DAMMO YLD LESYMQU MJ ^@EFYEFK EF """

""""" Yles jehd slmthi ad f`gdi 394<4'<&y|y mq 394<4'<&re~ """"" Yles `fi `hh `ssmce`ydi jehds mj z`qemts

jmqg`ys {ehh ad jmtfi ef2 lyy~2--{{{&ktydfadqk&mqk-3-9-4-<-394<4-




^qmitcdi au A`qa`q` Ymredq( C`qmh Aqm{f( Aehh Ymredq `fi yld Mfhefd Iesyqeatydi ^qmmjqdìefk Yd`g `y

lyy~2--{{{&~ki~&fdy

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""" SY@QY2 JTHH HECDFSD """

YLD JTHH ^QMBDCY KTYDFADQK HECDFSD ^HD@SD QD@I YLES ADJMQD UMT IESYQEATYD MQ

TSD YLES [MQO

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`y lyy~2--ktydfadqk&mqk-hecdfsd%&

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umt ~èi yld jdd `s sdy jmqyl ef ~`q`kq`~l 0&D&<&

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Ktydfadqk'yg dhdcyqmfec {mqos ~qmzeidi yl`y




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