Learner name:

Learner number:

M/601/5378

VRQ

UV30559

Cultural, social and technological influences on the hair industry

VTCT is the specialist awarding body for the Hairdressing, Beauty Therapy, Complementary Therapy and Sport and Active Leisure sectors, with over 45 years of experience.

VTCT is an awarding body regulated by national organisations including Ofqual, SQA, DCELLS and CCEA.

VTCT is a registered charity investing in education and skills but also giving to good causes in the area of facial disfigurement.

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Statement of unit achievement

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UV30559Cultural, social and technological influences on the hair industryThe aim of this unit is to develop your knowledge and understanding on how historical, cultural, social and technological advances have impacted on the hair industry.

You will delve into how products, tools and equipment have evolved over time, and the impact that the media has had on the hair industry.

This unit is suitable for hairdressers and barbers.

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GLH

Credit value

Level

Observation(s)

External paper(s)

30

5

3

0

0

On completion of this unit you will:

Learning outcomes Evidence requirements

UV30559

Cultural, social and technological influences on the hair industry

1. Understand the cultural and social effects on hairdressing

2. Understand the technological advances in the hair industry

1. Knowledge outcomes There must be evidence that you possess all the knowledge and understanding listed in the ‘Knowledge’ section of this unit. This evidence may include projects, assignments, case studies, reflective accounts, oral/written questioning and/or other forms of evidence.

2. Tutor/Assessor guidance You will be guided by your tutor/assessor on how to achieve learning outcomes in this unit. All outcomes must be achieved.

3. External paper There is no external paper requirement for this unit.

3

Achieving knowledge outcomes

Developing knowledge

You will be guided by your tutor and assessor on the evidence that needs to be produced. Your knowledge and understanding will be assessed using the assessment methods listed below:

• Observed work• Witness statements• Audio-visual media • Evidence of prior learning or attainment• Written questions• Oral questions• Assignments• Case studies

Where possible your assessor will integrate knowledge outcomes into practical observations through oral questioning.

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Knowledge

Outcome 1

Understand the cultural and social effects on hairdressing

You can: Portfolio reference /Assessor initials*

a. Describe the cultural effects that have influenced the hair industry through the ages

b. Describe the social effects that have influenced the hair industry through the ages

c. Identify key developments in history that have influenced the hair industry

d. Identify the iconic landmarks in the development of the hair industry

e. Review influences and trends which affect current hair fashions

f. Describe how the development of travel and trade have influenced the hair industry

*Assessor initials to be inserted if orally questioned. Requirements highlighted in white are assessed in the external paper.

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Outcome 2

Understand the technological advances in the hair industry

You can: Portfolio reference /Assessor initials*

a. Identify major advances in tools and equipment within the hair industry

b. Identify the advances in hair products, product design and applications within the hair industry

c. Explain how ingredients and the manufacturing of hairdressing products have evolved

d. Analyse the effect the media has had on the hair industry

*Assessor initials to be inserted if orally questioned. Requirements highlighted in white are assessed in the external paper.

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Outcome 1: Understand the cultural and social effects on hairdressing

Unit content

This section provides guidance on the recommended knowledge and skills required to enable you to achieve each of the learning outcomes in this unit. Your tutor/assessor will ensure you have the opportunity to cover all of the unit content.

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Influences on the hair industry through the ages:

Cultural effects – designed for living, learned/shared values, customs, beliefs, manners, religion, arts, folklore, sector tastes, intellectual development, knowledge.

Social effects – society, celebrities, group memberships, values, attitudes, identity, trend setters, education, history, economics, demographics, class.

Historical influences:

Ancient Egypt – noble women/men clipped their hair, wore heavy curly black wigs (women’s wigs long and braided, adorned with gold ornaments or ivory hairpins), men’s faces were clean shaved, stiff false beards were sometimes worn.

Classical Greece – women’s hair was long, worn in a chignon, dyed red with henna, sprinkled with gold powder, adorned with fresh flowers or jewelled tiaras, men’s hair was either short or shaved.

Ancient Rome – followed Greek styles, used curling irons, applied gold powder, women dyed their hair blonde, wore wigs made from slaves’ hair, became more ornate, hair curled tight and shaped around wire frame and piled high on head, slaves or public barber did hair.

China – unmarried Chinese girls wore their hair long and braided, women wore their hair in a knot at the nape, Manchu men shaved front of their head and wore the back long and braided.

Japan – men wore hair shaved at the front and back pulled into stiff ponytail, women wore hair long and loose, by 17th century hair became styled – swept up adorned with pins and combs, Geisha women’s hair elaborate, high-lacquered and enhanced with hairpieces.

Africa – many and varied tribal styles, signified status, Masai wore front of hair in tiny braids and back of hair waist length, dyed with red earth and greased, stiffened with animal dung, non-warriors and women had shaved heads, Mangbetu women used thin plaits dressed into a cone shape adorned with bone needles, Miango wore long ponytails with a headscarf adorned with leaves.

America – east coast Indians shaved their heads with a ridge of hair over the crown, Plains Indians men and women wore long braids adorned with feathers, Incas wore black headbands over short bobbed hair, Aztec women plaited their hair with strips of coloured cloth wound around the head, Mayan nobility had shaved heads covered with high ornate headdresses.

The Western World – Renaissance period – ladies plucked front hairline away to give appearance of higher forehead to show off their elaborate head-dresses, in Italy they covered hair with low caps and jewelled turbans, used bleach (saffron or onion skins) and spent long hours in the sun in an attempt to bleach hair.

16th century – red curly long wigs (Queen Elizabeth I).

Outcome 1: Understand the cultural and social effects on hairdressing (continued)

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18th century – big hair, highly decorated curly white powdered wigs with long ringlets tied with ribbon for men, decorated with feather bows and garlands for women.

Victorians – sleek shiny and healthy styles, oiled and curled into long ringlets, fringes were short, back clipped with ivory comb/black bow or plaited and wound into heavy coils pinned in nape, men’s hair pomaded with macassar oil with some form of moustache, beard and sideburns.

Twentieth century:

1920s – Marcel wave, finger waves, pin curls, flapper bobs.

1940s/’50s – Hollywood glamour years, shampoo and set.

1960s – teddy boys, quiffs, ‘DA’, beehive, mods and rockers, pop art (Mary Quant/Vidal Sassoon).

1970s – blow drying, Afro, big hair, page boy, wedge, Ziggy Stardust.

1980s – punk, Mohawks, liberty spikes, new romantics, Goth’s, disco, curly perms, asymmetric.

1990s – wash and wear, colouring hair, hair straighteners, blow drying geometric/asymmetric, celebrity inspired hairstyles (films, music industry, footballers, models, television).

2000s – intricately shaped beards/facial hair, straight hair, patterns in hair, advanced colouring techniques, fantasy styles.

Influences and trends on current hairstyles: Personal ability to do own hair, availability of salon standard equipment, affordable electrical appliances, availability of salon styling/finishing products, increase

in disposable income, more varied lifestyle, ease of travel, cultural influence.

Inspiration sources – celebrity, media, magazines, papers, adverts, fashion industry, trendsetting, seasons, fashion taste.

Introduction of adding hair – wigs (male and female), hair extensions, postiche, wiglet, use of ornamentation.

The development of travel and trade: Migration of cultures, holidays abroad, knowledge passing from continent to continent, development of electrical appliances, widely available products/ingredients, import/export businesses.

Outcome 2: Understand the technological advances in the hair industry

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Major advances in tools and equipment:

Combs – made by man (bone, deer antler), wooden, plastic, width of teeth, size and shape.

Brushes – bristle, hog hair, wooden, rubber, nylon, wire, plastic, size, length of bristle, amount of bristle.

Scissors – precision, thinning, different sizes, weight, thickness, construction, metals, length of blade, self sharpening.

Razors – copper/bronze, later made from iron, gold razors in Ancient Egypt, changeable blades, disposable, number of blades.

Hair shapers – disposable, ancient civilisation calamistrum (bronze stick to reshape hair).

Rollers – plastic, Velcro, heated, time delay heating.

Perming rods – Egyptians wound hair around sticks coated in clay that had been baked under the sun, wigmakers wrapped hair around sticks placed in boiling water and allowed to dry, hot perm machines (activate the lotion), plastic rods, various sizes, lengths, depths, shapes (cone), tension rods.

Colouring implements – bow and brush, hi-lighting cap, foil, wraps, spatula, colour pots.

Electrical – hood hairdryers, hand held dryers, steamers, climazone, pressing combs, curling irons, tongs, crimpers, straighteners, electrical clippers and grades, cordless, battery operated.

The evolution of products, product design and application: Scientific research, travel (knowledge/ingredients),

better understanding of how the hair structure is affected.

Product development:

Colour – vegetable extracts, Azo dyes, Nitro dyes, Para dyes, activators.

Perming – alkaline, acid, exothermic.

Relaxing – Sodium hydroxide (lye), guanidine hydroxide (non-lye).

Straightening – Brazilian blow dry, keratin compound.

Shampoo – soap, liquid soap, condition specific, pH balanced.

Conditioning – surface, penetrating, scalp treatment, restructurant, leave-in.

Styling – firm, medium and gentle hold, products (lotion, mousse, gel,) hair type specific, protection properties, moisture repellent.

Finishing – products (sprays, oil, wax, putty, gel), extreme hold, hair type specific, protection properties, moisture repellent.

Product design – specifically designed for hair type/condition, literature, manufacturers’ instructions, salon products in commercial bottle sizes, readily available, affordable, eye-catching for media purposes.

Application – added heat, shorter development times, multiple services at one time, ability to wash hair immediately after service (perming, colouring).

The effect media has on the hair industry: Raises the profile, provides images for styles, knowledge on products and techniques, business for salons, advertises retail products, training opportunities, self application.

Photo courtesy of Wahl (UK) Ltd.

Outcome 2: Understand the technological advances in the hair industry (continued)

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Types of media – newspapers, magazines, articles, adverts, commercials, documentary programmes, reality TV (The Salon), films, live shows.