The Gulf Coastal Plains

Look at your IAN and your notes about the Gulf Coastal Plain region.

Based on what you know about the region, write down at least 2 assumptions you can make about the Karankawa Indians.◦ Shelter, food, clothing, tools

Share and discuss with your table

Settlements near present-day Galveston south to Corpus Christi Bay

nomads◦ Fall/Winter- near Gulf Coast◦ Spring/Summer-near rivers and springs on the

coastal prairie

Portable wigwams (circular huts)◦ Made from bent

poles◦ Covered with

animal skin◦ Floors were

covered with reed mats

◦ Could house 7-8 people

Hunters and gatherers Hunters

◦ Men◦ Wooden bows and arrows to hunt/fish◦ Fish traps◦ Dugout canoes

Gatherers◦ Women◦ Collected plants, birds’ eggs, shellfish

Rumored to be cannibals- not true◦ Not for food but for “magic power”

Men◦ Some wore nothing◦ Deer skin around the waist

Women◦ Skirts of deer skin or grass

Men and women painted themselves with bright colors

Used alligator fat and dirt to repel the insects

Unusually tall ◦ Skeleton found of person 6 feet

Kept dogs similar to coyotes or fox◦ Name believed to mean dog-lovers

Treated children with kindness Given 2 names

◦ One was secret which only family members knew◦ Secret name was thought to carry magic and

protection from danger

1500s- Cabeza de Vaca◦ Feared by Europeans who wanted their land

Diseases killed many Fought with other groups Vanished by the mid-1800s

In your IAN Write a diary entry. You are a member of

the Karankawa tribe. Describe

◦ What you see◦ What you hear◦ What you smell◦ What you taste◦ What you feel

The Central Plains

Look at your notes about the Central Plains region.

Based on what you know about the region, write down 2 assumptions you can make about the Wichitas.

Share and discuss with your table

Along the Red River Originally from Kansas/Oklahoma moved to

Texas 1700s Lived along creeks and rivers

Lived in permanent villages Round house

◦ Made with cedar poles◦ Covered with dried grass◦ Very durable◦ Large◦ Hole in center for smoke from fire

Hunters Grew beans, corn, melons, and squash Buffalo

◦ Raw Did NOT eat fish

Made from tanned hide Men

◦ Shirts, loin cloths, leggings, moccasins Women

◦ Dresses that covered chin to ankle decorated with elk teeth, moccasins

Organized into 4 confederacies◦ Waco, Taovaya, Tawakoni and the Wichita

Tattooed their bodies◦ Many and unusual designs◦ Called selves Kitikiti’sh (raccoon eyes)

First with Coronado Traded tanned hide disease Later moved to reservation in Oklahoma

Using your notes about the region and the Wichita, design another type of shelter that the Wichita could have built.

Explain why you would build the shelter.◦ Weather, materials, tribe life and needs

Mountains and Basins

Look at your notes about the Mountains and Basins region.

Make 2 assumptions about the Jumano Native Americans based on what you know about the region.

Share and discuss with your table Write in down in your IAN

Along the Rio Grande

Permanent houses of adobe brick◦ Dried clay◦ Cool in summer◦ 30-40 people in house◦ Flat roofs◦ Painted black, red, white and yellow stripes on the

inside wall Large villages

Grew corn and other crops near river◦ River would overflow and water fields

Gathered wild plants Hunted buffalo with bow and arrow

Animal hide◦ Softened by beating with stones

Moccasins Jewlery made from copper, coral and

turquoise Hair

◦ Women- long and tied◦ Men- short on sides, long in middle and curled

with paint, decorated with feathers

Tattooed and painted their faces

Drought in 1500s ◦ Crops died and buffalo moved

Under constant attack by Apache

Eventually joined other Native American groups

Traded with Spanish

In your IAN, list 2 ways the Jumanos adapted to their Texas environment and 2 ways they modifies their Texas environment.

High Plains

Look at your notes about the High Plains. Based on what you know about the region,

make 2 predictions about the Comanches. Write them in your IAN Share and discuss with your table.

Moved to Texas in 1700s after acquiring horses

Drove out other tribes for the land◦ Jumanos, Apache

Teepees◦ Nomadic- covered hundreds of miles a year

Items were lightweight and sturdy(leather and woven basket)-Little pottery

◦ Women would pack up

Buffalo Hunters-gatherers

◦ Men-hunt ◦ Women- gathered plants

On a daily basis women gathered most of the foods.

Well dressed◦ Leaders wore European

clothing with many silver conchos

◦ Leather boots

Lived in bands headed by a peace chief (older man)

When at war one temporary chief and War chief- best rider and fighter Skilled buffalo hunters

◦ Made them wealthy◦ Traded for goods

Skilled fighters◦ Controlled most of the plains

1680- from Spanish and Pueblo Indians

Called “finest light cavalry in the world”◦ Expert riders and fighters

Used horses to have advantage in fights

Traded with Spanish Came to trade in organized groups

◦ One Comanche who could speak Spanish, French and 4 or 5 languages

◦ One Comanche who was skilled trader and diplomat Most of what they sold they had stolen

◦ Horses◦ Kidnapped people whose family would come to buy

them back (ransom) This later would cause big problems with the American

settlers Kept Spanish from moving north- Spanish could

not defeat them

In your IAN, compare and contrast the Comanche with another Native American tribe. You may chose any that we have studied or have not studied.

Prepare for Test! ◦ Regions and Native Americans