the grid prof steve lloyd queen mary, university of london
TRANSCRIPT
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The Grid
Prof Steve Lloyd Queen Mary, University of
London
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The Grid
The Physics Challenge
Steve Lloyd Slide 2
10 o
rders
of
mag
nit
ud
e All interactions
The Higgs
Standard Model: Jets, W, Z
Relative number of events
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The Grid
Event Complexity
Steve Lloyd Slide 3
25 Separate Interactions
8 Jet Event
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Steve Lloyd The Grid Slide 4
The Data Deluge
Collisions 40 Million times a second (40MHz)
150 Million electronic channels
Petabytes of data per year
1 Petabyte = 1000 Terabytes1 Terabyte = 1000 Gigabytes1 Gigabyte = 1000 Megabytes
Total ATLAS Disk Used
100 PB
2008 2012
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Steve Lloyd The Grid Slide 5
E = mc2
Grid Middleware
Solution is a massive distributed computer system – The Grid
From Web to Grid
• Relatively inexpensive
• Scalable• Simple (?) to use• Accessible 24/7• Easily upgraded• Robust
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Steve Lloyd The Grid Slide 6
Analogy with the Electricity Power Grid
'Standard Interface'
Power Stations
Distribution Infrastructure
Electricity Grid
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Steve Lloyd The Grid Slide 7
Computing and Data Centres
Fibre Optics of the Internet
Computing Grid
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Steve Lloyd The Grid Slide 8
The Grid – A Distributed PC
MIDDLEWARE
CPUDisks, CPU etc
PROGRAMS
OPERATING SYSTEM
Word/Excel
Email/Web
Your Progra
mGames
CPUCluste
r
UserInterfac
eMachine
CPUCluste
r
CPUCluste
r
Workload Manageme
nt
Information Service
Single PC
Grid
DiskServer
Your Progra
m
Middleware is the Operating System of a distributed computing
system
Replica CatalogueBookkeepin
g Service
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Steve Lloyd The Grid
Brunel
Tier-0
Tier-1National centres
Tier-2Regional groups
Institutes
Servers
Offline farm
Online system
CERN computer centre
RAL,UK
ScotGrid NorthGridSouthGrid London
FranceItalyGermanyUSA
Imperial QMUL RHULUseful model for Particle Physics but not necessary for others
UCL
Slide 9
Tier Structure
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Steve Lloyd The Grid Slide 10
Tier-1 v Tier-2
Tier-1s – International role Tier-2s – Leverage University funding, Local
publicity
RAL Tier-1: 7,400 PC Equivalents, 2.3PB Disk, 5PB
TapeQMUL Tier-2: 3,500 PC Equivalents, 1.7PB Disk
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Steve Lloyd The Grid
Problems that are highly parallelizable
Problem
Grid
Solution
Input data is independent e.g. Images:
A=2B=3 A=3
B=3 A=2B=4
Simulation using different parameters:
Not so good for closely coupled problems
These pieces may be independent
These pieces will have to interact
What is a Grid good for?
Slide 11
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Steve Lloyd The Grid
• Astronomy
• Healthcare
• Bioinformatics
• Gaming
• Engineering
• Commerce
Other Applications
Slide 12
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Steve Lloyd The Grid Slide 13
Other Applications
Allow use by other scientific disciplines such as Bioinformatics
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The Grid
CERN@school
Steve Lloyd Slide 14
Take data from Medipix Detector Chips and make available via the Grid (Simon Langton Grammar School for Boys,
Canterbury)
Available for use in schools – cosmic
rays, radioactivity etc
LUCID flying on TechDemoSat-1
in Autumn 2012
Schools
Schools
Schools
Coordinator School
Local University
Grid
Schools
Schools without Chips will be able to contribute to
analysis
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Steve Lloyd The Grid Slide 15
The Real Time Monitor
Try it yourself (Java App): http://rtm.hep.ph.ic.ac.uk/