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The Global Ranking Regime and the
Reconfiguration of Higher Education:
Comparative Case Studies on Research
Assessment Exercises in Mainland China,
Hong Kong, Japan and the U.S.
Dr. Li Jun
The Global Ranking Regime and the Reconfiguration of Higher Education by Jun LI ([email protected]) 2
Core Criteria
Indicators: 22
Weight: 600
Teaching
6
150
Employability
4
150
Research
5
150
Internationalization
7
150
Learning
environment
Indicators: 12
Weight: 200
Facilities
6
100
Online or
Distance
6
100
Specialist
Criteria
Indicators: 4
Weight: 200
Discipline
ranking
2
150
Accreditation
2
50
Advanced
criteria
Indicators: 14
Weight: 200
Arts &
culture
3
50
Innovation
3
50
Social
responsibility
4
50
Inclusiveness
4
50
Source: QS Stars Methodology.
The Global Ranking Regime
The Global Ranking Regime and the Reconfiguration of Higher Education by Jun LI ([email protected]) 3
Source: https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/ranking-methodology-2016
Compared – Times Higher Education World University Rankings
Criteria 13 Indicators Weight
Teaching Reputation survey (15%); Staff-to-student ratio
(4.5%); Doctorate-to-bachelor’s ratio (2.25%);
Doctorates awarded-t0-academic staff ratio
(6%); Institutional income (2.25%)
30%
Research Reputation survey (18%); Research income
(6%); Research productivity (6%)
30%
Citations 30%
International
outlook
International-to-domestic-student ratio (2.5%);
International-to-domestic-staff ratio (2.5%);
International collaboration (2.5%)
7.5%
Industry income 2.5%
The Global Ranking Regime
The Global Ranking Regime and the Reconfiguration of Higher Education by Jun LI ([email protected]) 4
Source: http://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/articles/methodology
Compared – The U.S. N & R Best Global Universities Rankings
12 Indicators Weight
Global research reputation 12.5%
Regional research reputation 12.5%
Publications 10%
Books 2.5%
Conferences 2.5%
Normalized citation impact 10%
Total citations 7.5%
Number of publications among the 10 percent most cited 12.5%
Percentage of total publications that are among the 10
percent most cited
10%
International collaboration 10%
Number of Ph.D.s awarded 5%
Number of Ph.D.s awarded per academic staff member 5%
The Global Ranking Regime
The Global Ranking Regime and the Reconfiguration of Higher Education by Jun LI ([email protected]) 5
Source: http://publications.asahi.com/ecs/detail/?item_id=15843
Compared – The Asahi Shimbun Daigaku Ranking since 1994
The Global Ranking Regime
Criteria 64 Indicators
Admission 13 (i.e., admittance ranking; geo-origin ranking; ranking of
recruitment power, etc.)
Overall 5 (i.e., ranking from university presidents; ranking from
principals; ranking from office directors; global university
rankings, etc.)
Education 26 (i.e., rates of graduate student admission; ranking of
learning environment; university library ranking; ranking of
international students, etc.)
Research 6 (i.e., Hi-ci ranking; national funding ranking; citation
ranking of Thomson Reuter papers, etc.)
Financing 2 (i.e., salary ranking of faculty, etc.)
Contribution
to society
12 (i.e., media reporting ranking (institution/faculty);
leadership ranking of graduates; athletics ranking of
graduates, etc.)
The Global Ranking Regime and the Reconfiguration of Higher Education by Jun LI ([email protected]) 6
Source: http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU-Methodology-2015.html
Compared – The SHJT Academic Ranking of World Universities
Criteria 6 Indicators Code Weight
Quality of
Education
Alumni of an institution winning Nobel Prizes
and Fields Medals
Alumni 10%
Quality of
Faculty
Staff of an institution winning Nobel Prizes
and Fields Medals
Highly cited researchers in 21 broad subject
categories
Award
HiCi
20%
20%
Research
Output
Papers published in Nature and Science
Papers indexed in SCIe and SSCI
N&S
PUB
20%
20%
Per Capita
Performance
Per capita academic performance of an
institution
PCP 10%
The Global Ranking Regime
The Global Ranking Regime and the Reconfiguration of Higher Education by Jun LI ([email protected]) 7
Comparative Findings on Research Assessments
Fig. 1 Statistical Trends of Journal Articles Published per
Faculty Member (1993-2013)
1.38
5.05
1.50 1.082.08
15.96
2.251.31
2.30
9.54
2.191.17
0
5
10
15
TCU THKU TJU TUSU
1993
2013
Total
The Global Ranking Regime and the Reconfiguration of Higher Education by Jun LI ([email protected]) 8
Comparative Findings on Research Assessments
Research assessments highly affected TCU, THKU and
TJU, except for TUSU, and differs in the following
aspects:
• Juniors: I have to be focused on research so that I can
publish more papers in the coming years, or I will otherwise
risk losing my position from my university.... The job
competitiveness is fierce and my university has a high
expectation for everybody. If I lag behind I will surely lose
my job... Therefore, I have led my personal life simply like
this: coming to my office every day from my rented
apartment at 6:30am in the early morning and going home
from my office in the late evening – sometimes very late
until mid-night. I was lucky that my commute time is not that
long every trip – it’s just less than one hour.
Interview data from TJU
The Global Ranking Regime and the Reconfiguration of Higher Education by Jun LI ([email protected]) 9
Comparative Findings on Research Assessments
Research assessments highly affected TCU, THKU and
TJU, except for TUSU, and differs in the following
aspects:
Q: Was there in any explicit contract, when you were working
for the management analysis center, that you had to publish
research articles?
A (Education): No, nothing at all, because it was the faculty-
staff joint venture. [Publishing] was looked on favorably…. I
am not sure, I am assuming it factored into the overall
evaluation which would lead to year-end bonus… I have no
idea how much that played into that or not, and that's not why
I did it. Why I did do it? It was something that I think was
encouraged. No, “encouraged” is the wrong word…. It was
modeled by the faculty and so I took [publishing] as a good
thing to do.Interview data by Post (2016) from TUSU
The Global Ranking Regime and the Reconfiguration of Higher Education by Jun LI ([email protected]) 10
Comparative Findings on Research Assessments of English Publications
Fig. 2 Ratio Trends of Journal Articles Published in
English/International Languages and Native Languages
(1993-2013)
Note. Data excluding those that were published in bilingual journals or other local languages.
0.06
0.91
0.00 0.000.06
1.73
0.060.00
0.06
1.48
0.04 0.000.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
TCU THKU TJU TUSU
1993
2013
Total
The Global Ranking Regime and the Reconfiguration of Higher Education by Jun LI ([email protected]) 11
Findings from THKU
0
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10
15
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25
30
19
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In Chinese
In Chinese and English
In English and other languages
Language of Journal Articles by Year
The Global Ranking Regime and the Reconfiguration of Higher Education by Jun LI ([email protected]) 12
Geographical Distributions of Journals by Year
0
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10
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19
69
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International
National
Findings from THKU
The Global Ranking Regime and the Reconfiguration of Higher Education by Jun LI ([email protected]) 13
Storylines:
• A quite female senior colleague, in terms of service.
• A handful journal publications in local journals (with some
of them are on the top).
• Not short of English publications.
• Still struggling for full professorship.
• The situation can be totally different, probably up-side
down, if the publication list is the opposite in terms of
language (i.e., mainly in English rather than in Chinese).
Consequence: Reallocated to teaching track.
A Real Story from THKU