the global financial crisis, future of the dollar, and the choice for asia

8/6/2019 The Global Financial Crisis, Future of the Dollar, and the Choice for Asia

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Vla Gjmbij Enkikdnij Drntnt*Eqvqra me vla Fmjjir*

ikf vla Dlmnda emr Itni

KAIR(IFBN


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Pqbjntlaf b~

KAIR Pratt

KM+


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Dmkvakvt

Emrawmrf

Fqdc(Cmm Dlqkg

Mpaknkg Iffratt

Hitilnrm Ciwin

Tadvnmk N ? Vla Gjmbij Enkikdnij Drntnt ikf vla Rmja me vla G(20

Vla Gjmbij Enkikdnij Drntnt ikf Raemrh me vla Nkvarkivnmkij Enkikdnij Irdlnvadvqra? Vla G(20

ikf vla Nkvarkivnmkij Hmkavir~ Eqkf

Tlnkon Vicign

Raemrh me vla Nkvarkivnmkij Enkikdnij T~tvah I Cmraik Partpadvnua

Cwiklm Tlnk

Vla Gjmbij Enkikdnij Drntnt ikf vla Rmja me vla G(20

Via(Ommk Cnh

Vla Gjmbij Enkikdnij Drntnt ikf vla Tvrakgvlaknkg me Enkikdnij Ragqjivnmk

Warkar Cihppavar

Rmqkfvibja Fntdqttnmk

Rndlirf K+ DmmparEik LaTlnkon VicignFamc(R~mkg ^mmkCwiklm Tlnk

Via(Ommk CnhWmmtnc HmmkOqkg Tnc CnhTlnk(ndln EqcqfiDlijmkgplmb TqttikgcirkAnon MgiwiWarkar Cihppavar

Tadvnmk NN? Vla Eqvqra me vla QT Fmjjir Tvikfirf

Pitv* Pratakv* ikf Eqvqra me Ualndja Dqrrakd~ nk Aitv Itni? Tmha Aunfakda ermh Oipik* vla

Rapqbjnd me Cmrai* ikf Vlinjikf

Tlnk(ndln Eqcqfi

Vla Eqvqra me vla QT Fmjjir it i Ualndja Dqrrakd~

Oqkg Tnc Cnh

Vla Eqvqra me vla QT Fmjjir

Rndlirf K+ Dmmpar

Vla Eqvqra me vla QT Fmjjir Tvikfirf

Pavar O+ Hmrgik

Nt vla Rakhnkbn Raif~ vm ba ik Nkvarkivnmkij Dqrrakd~=

Taqkg(Gwik Biac

Vla Eqvqra me vla QT Fmjjir Tvikfirf

^amkgtamp Rlaa


Dlijmkgplmb Tqttikgcirk

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Dmkvakvt

Tlnk(ndln EqcqfiOqkg Tnc Cnh

Rndlirf K+ DmmparPavar O+ HmrgikTaqkg(Gwik Biacâmkgtamp RlaaEik LaHitilnrm CiwinAnon MgiwiIkvmnka Dlar~

Tadvnmk NNN? Gjmbij Nhbijikdat* Itnik Dipnvij Hircavt* ikf EmrangkRatarua Pmmjnkg

Gjmbij Nhbijikdat* Itnik Dipnvij Hircavt* ikf Emrangk Ratarua Pmmjnkg

Fmm ^mkg îkg


Nkdlqj Cnh

Vla Tqbprnha Drntnt ikf Aitv Itnik Enkikdnij Dmmparivnmk

Dlijmkgplmb Tqttikgcirk


C~qkgtmm Cnh

Wl~ Fm Aitv Itnik Dmqkvrnat Kaaf Ragnmkij Hmkavir~ Dmmparivnmk=

Dlikgc~q Dlmn


Hitilnrm CiwinNkdlqj CnhDlijmkgplmb TqttikgcirkFmm ^mkg îkgC~qkgtmm CnhDlikgc~q DlmnRndlirf K+ DmmparCwiklm TlnkLaa(^qj DlinOmkgc~q Pirc

Tadvnmk NU? Mka Hmka~ nk Itni

Hmkavir~ Dmmparivnmk nk Itni

Laa(^qj Dlin

Hmkavir~ Dmmparivnmk nk Itni

Anon Mgiwi

Itni Kaaft Hmra Dmmparivnmk* Kmv i Tnkgja Dqrrakd~

Vlmhit F+ Wnjjavv

Hmkavir~ Dmmparivnmk nk Aitv Itni

Oqkggqk Ml

Vla Gjmbij Enkikdnij Drntnt* Eqvqra me vla Fmjjir* ikf vla Dlmnda emr Itni

Gmkg(Pnj Dlmn


Birr~ AndlakgraakLaa(^qj Dlin

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Iqvlmrt ikf Dmkearakda Pirvndnpikvt

Iqvlmrt ikf Dmkearakda Pirvndnpikvt

Taqkg(Gwik Biac* Prmeattmr* Lmkgnc Qknuartnv~* Rapqbjnd me CmraiLaa(^qj Dlin* Prmeattmr* C~mkggn Qknuartnv~* Rapqbjnd me CmraiIkvmnka Dlar~* Admkmhnd ikf Dmhhardnij Dmqkdnjmr* Ahbitt~ me Erikda*Rapqbjnd me CmraiDlikgc~q Dlmn* Prmeattmr* H~mkgon Qknuartnv~* Rapqbjnd me CmraiGmkg(Pnj Dlmn* Taknmr Ifuntar* Cmrai Nktvnvqva me Enkikda* Rapqbjnd me CmraiFqdc(Cmm Dlqkg* Dlinr* KAIR Emqkfivnmk* Rapqbjnd me CmraiRndlirf K+Dmmpar* Prmeattmr* Liruirf Qknuartnv~* QTBirr~ Andlakgraak* Prmeattmr* Qknuartnv~ me Dijnemrkni* Barcaja~* QT

Tlnk(ndln Eqcqfi* Prmeattmr* Qknuartnv~ me Vmc~m* OipikEik La* Ittntvikv Fnradvmr* NWAP* Dlnkata Idifah~ me Tmdnij Tdnakda* PampjatRapqbjnd me DlnkiC~qkg(Wmmc Lqr* Fapqv~ Hnkntvar* Hnkntvr~ me Tvrivag~ ikf Enkikda* Rapqbjndme CmraiWarkar Cihppavar* Rapratakvivnua nk vla Rapqbjnd me Cmrai* Ernafrndl(AbarvEmqkfivnmkHitilnrm Ciwin* Faik* Itnik Fauajmphakv Bikc Nktvnvqva* OipikNkdlqj Cnh* Prmeattmr* Tqkgc~qkcwik Qknuartnv~* Rapqbjnd me CmraiOqkg Tnc Cnh* Prmeattmr* ^mktan Qknuartnv~* Rapqbjnd me Cmrai

C~qkgtmm Cnh* Fnradvmr* Vla Bikc me Cmrai Nktvnvqva* Rapqbjnd me CmraiVia(Ommk Cnh* Pratnfakv* Cmrai Nktvnvqva me Enkikda* Rapqbjnd me CmraiTikg Cn Hnk* Prmeattmr* Tamqj Kivnmkij Qknuartnv~* Rapqbjnd me CmraiPavar O+ Hmrgik* Taknmr Dmktqjvikv* Itnik Fauajmphakv Bikc Nktvnvqva* OipikWmmtnc Hmmk* Prmeattmr* Tamqj Kivnmkij Qknuartnv~* Rapqbjnd me CmraiAnon Mgiwi* Prmeattmr* Lnvmvtqbitln Qknuartnv~* OipikOqkggqk Ml* Prmeattmr* Cmrai Qknuartnv~* Rapqbjnd me CmraiOmkgc~q Pirc* Taknmr Ratairdl Eajjmw* Cmrai Nktvnvqva me Enkikda* Rapqbjnd meCmrai^amkgtamp Rlaa* Prmeattmr* Tamqj Kivnmkij Qknuartnv~* Rapqbjnd me CmraiCwiklm Tlnk* Prmeattmr* Cmrai Qknuartnv~* Rapqbjnd me CmraiVia~mmk Tqkg* Prmeattmr* ^mktan Qknuartnv~* Rapqbjnd me CmraiDlijmkgplmb Tqttikgcirk* Fntvnkgqntlaf Eajjmw* Vlinjikf FauajmphakvRatairdl Nktvnvqva* VlinjikfTlnkon Vicign* Prmeattmr me Admkmhndt* Mtici Qknuartnv~* OipikVlmhit F+ Wnjjavv* Prmeattmr* Djirahmkv HdCakki Dmjjaga* Djirahmkv GrifqivaQknuartnv~* QTFmm ^mkg ^ikg* Prmeattmr* C~qkg Laa Qknuartnv~* Rapqbjnd me CmraiFamc(R~mkg ^mmk* Taknmr Ratairdl Eajjmw* Cmrai Nktvnvqva emr Nkvarkivnmkij

Admkmhnd Pmjnd~* Rapqbjnd me Cmrai

Kmva

Nk vlnt pqbjndivnmk* vla varh Aitv Itni nt qtaf vm raear dmjjadvnuaj~ vm vla dmqkvrnat

me Aitv ikf Tmqvlaitv Itni+

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Emrwirf

Fqdc(cmm Dlqkg

DlinrhikVla KAIR Emqkfivnmk

Nk 2007* vla Q+T+ tqb(prnha hmrvgiga drntnt frmua nkuatvhakv bikct ikf

dmhhardnij bikct nkvm nktmjuakd~ ikf qjvnhivaj~ tpircaf vla bnggatv gjmbij

enkikdnij drntnt tnkda vla Graiv Faprattnmk+ Mka me vla bnggatv jattmkt ermh vla

drntnt nt vliv vla hircav dik ba bmvl ik ikgaj ikf i fahmk* ikf vliv gmuarkhakv

hi~ ba bmvl i tiunmr ikf i v~rikv+ Wa ijtm jairkaf vliv vla Q+T+ mr vla A+Q+*

wlndl kmw hica qp jatt vlik 40! me vla wmrjf admkmh~* fm kmv dmhhikf vla

gjmbij admkmh~ mk vlanr mwk+ Hmtv me ijj* vla fnhnkntlnkg einvl nk vla enkikdnijnkfqtvr~ lit jaf vm vla einjqra me vla nkvarkij bijikdnkg hadlikntht me vla wmrjft

admkmhnat* wlndl nk vqrk lit vrnggaraf vla eijj me enkikdnij dipnvijnth+

Haikwlnja* vla dmqkvrnat tqdl it Graiv Brnvink* Oipik ikf mvlart vliv ira

djmtaj~ ivvidlaf vm Q+T+(jaf enkikdnij dipnvijnth eidaf hmtv fihiga wlarait

dmqkvrnat tqdl it Dlnki vliv ira kmv djmtaj~ ivvidlaf vm Q+T+(jaf enkikdnij

dipnvijnth hnvngivaf vla enkikdnij drntnt rajivnuaj~ wajj fqrnkg vla drntnt+ Ijtm* vla

dmqkvrnat wnvl jirgaj~ fapakfnkg mk nhpmrvt ikf a|pmrvt mr emrangk dipnvij* vla

dmqkvrnat wnvl jmw bnrvl rivat ikf ignkg pmpqjivnmkt ikf vla dmqkvrnat wnvla|dattnua fabv liua ijtm baak ihmkg vla lirfatv lnv fqrnkg vla drntnt+

Nk iffnvnmk* vla enkikdnij drntnt lit ijtm tlicak qp vla kivqra me nkvarkivnmkij

admkmhnd dmhpavnvnmk* prmunfnkg ik mppmrvqknv~ emr i rifndij tlnev nk vla

f~kihndt bavwaak vla vrifnvnmkij grmwvl akgnkat tqdl it vla Q+T+* vla A+Q+*

Dlnki* ikf Oipik* ikf mvlar kawj~ fauajmpnkg dmqkvrnat+

Wnvl i vrahakfmqt aeemrv ikf dmjjibmrivnmk* vla wmrjf admkmh~ dmqjf a|vrndiva

nvtaje ermh vla tvaapar eijj ikf gav bidc mk vla vridc+ Lmwauar* vla qkdarvinkvnattqrrmqkfnkg vla wmrjf admkmh~ tvnjj jmmht badiqta wa ijj einjaf vm pradntaj~

prafndv vla dmqrta ikf higknvqfa me pmvakvnij rntc* ikf vla nkvarkivnmkij enkikdnij

mrgiknzivnmkt* mk vla bmvvmh* km jmkgar liua tqeendnakv dipidnv~ vm iffratt vmqgl

nttqat tqdl it gjmbij nhbijikdat* a|dattnua enkikdnij dipnvijnth* mr auak hmrij

lizirf+

Vlata qkdarvinkvnat ira emjjmwaf b~ tvrqdvqraf ikf a|vaktnua prmbjaht* ikf

vlata prmbjaht rikga ermh vla enkikdnij ikf hmknvmrnkg t~tvah nttqat vm vla

hmrij lizirf nttqat nk vla hircav admkmh~+ Lmwauar* wa bajnaua vliv wa dikprmunfa eqkfihakvij tmjqvnmkt vm vlata prmbjaht wlak vla radattnmk ikf enkikdnij

fntvratt hmtvj~ badmha ijjaunivaf nk eaw ~airt+

Hik~ me vlata prmbjaht ira ittmdnivaf wnvl vla ca~ dqrrakd~ t~tvah ,Q+T

Emrawmrf

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Fmjjir.* ikf vlara ira i kqhbar me fntpqvat wlavlar i kaw nkvarkivnmkij enkikdnij

t~tvah tlmqjf ba nk pjida+ Iv vla dakvar me vlata prmbjaht* vlara ira hik~

jnkgarnkg yqatvnmkt emr fnhnkntlnkg Q+T Fmjjir tvikfirf3 Wnjj vla fmjjir dmkvnkqa

vm pji~ vla fmhnkikv rmja nk vla eqvqra= TFR it i ratarua dqrrakd~* NHE bmkft nk

Dlnkata E\ rataruat= Wnjj vla fmjjir rahink tvrmkg nk vla eqvqra= ikf vla eqvqra

me vla Aqrm= Nt vlara i dlikda emr Dlnkata ~qik mr Oipikata ~ak vm ba i ca~

dqrrakd~= Vla dmqkvrnat wnvl i jirga ihmqkv me vla Q+T Fmjjir(bitaf ittavt ira

ik|nmqt badiqta vla Qknvaf Tvivat hmkavir~ iqvlmrnvnat liua ~av vm ittqra vlah

wnvl djair iktwart+

Tnkda hmtv Aitv Itnik dmqkvrnat qta dqrrakdnat vliv ira kmv eraaj~ dmkuarvnbja*

vlanr dqrrakdnat ira djmtaj~ jnkcaf vm vla Q+T Fmjjir+ Dlnki* emr a|ihpja* nt idmqkvr~ wlndl nt jirgaj~ taktnvnua vm vla dlikgat nk vla uijqa me Q+T Fmjjir

badiqta me nvt hittnua nkuatvhakv nk QT fmjjir fakmhnkivaf ittavt+ Vlaraemra*

Dlnkata gmuarkhakv nt vr~nkg vm iumnf pmvakvnij rntc* ikf* it i wi~ me iumnfnkg

pmvakvnij rntc* vla RHB nkvarkivnmkijnzivnmk nt dmktnfaraf it ik ijvarkivnua

haitqra+ Lmwauar* vla raij birrnar nt vla erignja enkikdnij t~tvah* ikf vlnt birrnar

tlmqjf ba rahmuaf hmtv qrgakvj~+

Vla KAIRIFBN Dmkearakda 200>* qkfar vla vnvja Vla Gjmbij Enkikdnij Drntnt*

Eqvqra me vla Fmjjir* ikf vla Dlmnda me Itni* inht vm prmpmta iktwart vm vlaiemrahakvnmkaf qkdarvinkvnat ikf prmbjaht+ Nk vlnt dmkearakda wa ira atpadnijj~

nkvaratvaf nk Itnit ratpmkta vm vla dlikgnkg nkvarkivnmkij hmkavir~ ikf enkikdnij

mrfar+ N bajnaua vla dmkearakda wnjj prmunfa i emrqh emr prmpmtnkg uijqibja

tqggatvnmkt ermh bmvl idifahnd ikf pridvndij partpadvnuat+

N a|vakf h~ faapatv grivnvqfa vm mqr dm(lmtv* vla faik me vla Itnik

Fauajmphakv Bikc Nktvnvqva* Hitilnrm Ciwin* ikf vm vla Hnkntvr~ me Tvrivag~ ikf

Enkikda* vla Cmrai Nktvnvqva me Enkikda* vla Cmmchnk Bikc* ikf hik~ mvlar

mrgiknzivnmkt emr vlanr eqjj tqppmrv

Emrawmrf


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Mpaknkg Iffratt

Mpaknkg Iffratt

Hitilnrm Ciwin

Faik

Itnik Fauajmphakv Bikc Nktvnvqva

Hr+ Fqdc(Cmm Dlqkg* dlinr me vla KAIR Emqkfivnmk ikf emrhar hnkntvar me

nkfqtvr~ ikf akarg~* fntvnkgqntlaf gqatvt* jifnat ikf gakvjahak* gmmf hmrknkg+

Jav ha a|pratt h~ grivnvqfa vm ijj me ~mq emr vicnkg vnha mee ermh ~mqr bqt~

tdlafqjat vm pirvndnpiva nk vla dmkearakda mk vla Gjmbij Enkikdnij Drntnt* Eqvqra me

vla Fmjjir* ikf vla Dlmnda emr Itni* omnkvj~ mrgiknzaf b~ vla KAIR Emqkfivnmk

ikf vla Itnik Fauajmphakv Bikc Nktvnvqva ,IFBN.+ Idvqijj~* vlnt nt vla tadmkfdmkearakda mrgiknzaf omnkvj~ b~ vla KAIR Emqkfivnmk ikf IFBN+ Nk Iqgqtv

20040t+

Vlnt drntnt nt fneearakv ermh mvlar enkikdnij drntat wa liua mbtaruaf muar vla jitv

tauarij fadifat* kmv mkj~ nk nvt braifvl ikf higknvqfa bqv ijtm nk nvt mrngnk+ Vla

drntnt nt gjmbij* ieeadvnkg ijhmtv ijj dmqkvrnat nk vla wmrjf* kmv oqtv i eaw* ikf nvtnhpidv nt fauitvivnkg+ Vla apndakvar me vlnt drntnt nt kmv i parnplarij dmqkvr~ bqv

vla Qknvaf Tvivat ,QT.* wlndl nt vla jirgatv ikf hmtv dakvrij admkmh~ nk vla

wmrjf* ikf lmha vm vla hmtv fmhnkikv gjmbij ca~ dqrrakd~vla fmjjirikf vla

wmrjft hmtv tmplntvndivaf ikf fauajmpaf enkikdnij t~tvah+

Tm nv nt kmv tqrprntnkg vm taa vliv vla drntnt lit gakarivaf hik~ nhpmrvikv

fabivat ikf pmtaf tauarij hiomr dlijjakgat emr vla wmrjf admkmh~ ikf Itni+ Jav

ha pmnkv mqv enua me vlata+

Enrtv* vlnt drntnt lit rintaf vla yqatvnmkt me wlavlar vla Qknvaf Tvivat wnjj ba

ibja vm rahink vla dakvrij admkmhnd pmwar nk vla pmtv(drntnt parnmf* ikf wlavlar

ahargnkg Itniwnvl vla Pampjat Rapqbjnd me Dlnki* Nkfni* ikf ITAIK9 iv nvt

dmrawnjj pji~ i hqdl bnggar rmja nk vla wmrjf admkmh~+ Nv ippairt vliv Aqrmpa

wnjj kmv ba ibja vm rapjida vla QT it vla hmtv pmwareqj admkmh~* iv jaitv nk vla

emrataaibja eqvqra* it hik~ Aqrmpaik dmqkvrnat ira ijtm tqeearnkg* parlipt hmra

tauaraj~ vlik vla QT* ermh vla mkgmnkg gjmbij enkikdnij ikf admkmhnd drntnt+ Vla

wmrjf taaht laifaf vmwirf i vrqj~ hqjvn(pmjir wmrjf* wlara kmv mkj~ vla QT ikf

Aqrmpa bqv ijtm Itni wnjj nkdraitnkgj~ nkejqakda vla fauajmphakv me vla wmrjfadmkmh~ ikf enkikda* ikf wnjj nkdraitnkgj~ tlira ratpmktnbnjnv~ emr gjmbij

admkmhnd ikf enkikdnij hikigahakv+ Nk vlnt takta* vla radakv tlnev me vla gjmbij

emdqt iwi~ ermh vla G(7 ikf G(< vm vla G(20 nt i kivqrij ikf laijvl~

>

9Ittmdnivnmk me Tmqvlaitv Itnik Kivnmkt+


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fauajmphakv+

Tadmkf* vla drntnt lit ditv fmqbv mk vla eqvqra rmja me vla QT fmjjir it vla hmtv

fmhnkikv ca~ dqrrakd~+ Fatpnva vla eidv vliv vla gjmbij enkikdnij drntnt mrngnkivaf

nk vla QT* vla uijqa me vla fmjjir nt lngl badiqta me vla lngl gjmbij fahikf emr

fmjjir jnyqnfnv~ fqa vm vla pratakda me dmqkvarpirv~ rntc* rapivrnivnmk me vla fmjjir

bidc lmha emjjmwnkg vlafajauarignkgb~ QT enkikdnij nktvnvqvnmkt* vla

nkdraitaf kaaf emr fmjjir jnyqnfnv~ gjmbijj~ mk vla pirv me bmvl enkikdnij

nktvnvqvnmkt ikf kmkenkikdnij enrht dmkfqdvnkg nkvarkivnmkij bqtnkatt* ikftiea

liuakfahikf emr fmjjirt+ Lmwauar* vla jirga pqbjnd tpakfnkg nk vla QT emr

entdij tvnhqjqt* enkikda tadvmr tqppmrv* ikf vla binj mqv me iqvmhmbnja ikf mvlar

enrht wnjj auakvqijj~ bair mk vla dmqkvr~t ibnjnv~ vm tarunda fabv* ikf vlnt hi~pqv vla eqvqra me vla fmjjir nkvm qkdarvink varrnvmr~+

Vla radakv tqggatvnmk hifa b~ Gmuarkmr _lmq \nimdlqik me vla Pampjat

Bikc me Dlnki vliv vla QT fmjjir tlmqjf ba rapjidaf b~ vla tpadnij friwnkg rnglv

,TFR. it vla gjmbij ratarua dqrrakd~ hi~ hica gmmf takta* iv jaitv nk vlamr~*

ijvlmqgl nk raijnv~ vla ratarua dqrrakd~ rmja me vla fmjjir wnjj kmv gm iwi~

ik~vnha tmmk+ Vla raitmk nt vliv vla ca~ dqrrakd~ rmja me vla fmjjir lit baak

tqppmrvaf b~ nvt kavwmrc a|varkijnv~3 nkdqhbakd~ nkarvni3 ikf* hmra

eqkfihakvijj~* vla faap* wnfa* ikf jnyqnf enkikdnij hircavt emr fmjjir(fakmhnkivaf nktvrqhakvt+ Nk dmkvritv* vla TFR lit baak qtaf mkj~ b~ vla

Nkvarkivnmkij Hmkavir~ Eqkf ,NHE. ikf nvt hahbar iqvlmrnvnat jirgaj~ emr

iddmqkvnkg pqrpmtat ikf kmv nk vla prnuiva hircavt+ Kmkavlajatt* vla rmja me vla

fmjjir hi~ fadjnka tm nv nt qtaeqj vm dmktnfar vla eqvqra tlipa me vla nkvarkivnmkij

hmkavir~ t~tvah+ Wnjj vla aqrm ragink nvt tvrakgvl ikf drafnbnjnv~= Wnjj vla

rakhnkbn rnta vm badmha vla vlnrf nkvarkivnmkij ca~ dqrrakd~* ievar vla fmjjir ikf

vla aqrm ikf tqrpittnkg vla rmja me vla ~ak= Auak vlmqgl vla ~ak nt i eqjj~

dmkuarvnbja dqrrakd~* nv lit kmv badmha ik nkvarkivnmkij ca~ dqrrakd~+ Ijvlmqgl

vla PRD lit radakvj~ ahbircaf mk nknvnivnuat vm nkvarkivnmkijnza vla rakhnkbn emrvrifa tavvjahakv vlrmqgl vla bikcnkg t~tvah* nv wmqjf vica i jmkg vnha emr vla

rakhnkbn vm badmha i eqjj~ dmkuarvnbja dqrrakd~n+a+* i dqrrakd~ vm ba qtaf ikf

vrifaf eraaj~ ikf gjmbijj~ emr bmvl dqrrakv iddmqkv ikf dipnvij iddmqkv pqrpmtat+

Vlnt tqggatvt vliv* it Itni nt rntnkg vm badmha vla wmrjft jirgatv admkmhnd bjmd*

vla ragnmk kaaft vm tarnmqtj~ a|pjmra vla pmttnbnjnv~ me fauajmpnkg nvt mwk

dqrrakd~ mr dqrrakd~ bitcav+

Vlnrf* vla drntnt lit rintaf vla yqatvnmk me wlavlar vla QT dmktqhpvnmk fadjnka

nt i parhikakv mr i vahpmrir~ plakmhakmk+ Vla mkgmnkg drntnt nt emrdnkgifoqtvhakv me dqrrakv iddmqkv nhbijikdat nk bmvl vla QT ikf Itni fqa vm vla

rafqdvnmk nk QT dmktqhpvnmk+ Ne vlnt nt i parhikakv mr tahnparhikakv prmdatt* nv

lit tngknendikv nhpjndivnmkt emr grmwvl nk Itni+ Itnik dmqkvrnat dik km jmkgar raj~

mk QT dmktqhart bankg vlanr grmwvl akgnka ikf hqtv enkf vlanr mwk tmqrdat me

Mpaknkg Iffratt

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Mpaknkg Iffratt

grmwvl b~ dlikgnkg vlanr fauajmphakv pivl ermh ik a|dattnuaj~ a|pmrv(fapakfakv

mka vm i fmhatvnd ikf ragnmkij fahikf(jaf hmfaj+ Attakvnijj~* Itni hqtv

parhikakvj~ nkdraita dmktqhpvnmk ikf nkuatvhakv* ikf vriktemrh vla tqppj~ tnfa

me vla admkmh~ ermh vrifibja vmwirf kmkvrifibja idvnunv~+ Tqtvinkaf a|piktnmk me

dmktqhpvnmk rayqnrat tvrqdvqrij raemrht vm tvrakgvlak tmdnij tadvmr prmvadvnmk

,laijvl* afqdivnmk* paktnmk t~tvaht* ikf qkahpjm~hakv nktqrikda.* rafqda qrbik(

rqrij nkdmha fntpirnv~* ikf nhprmua aeendnakd~ me enkikdnij nkvarhafnivnmk emr

dmktqhart+ Nkeritvrqdvqra nkuatvhakv it wajj it nhprmuahakv nk vla nkuatvhakv

djnhiva nt kaafaf vm tvnhqjiva nkuatvhakv nk dmqkvrnat wlara vlnt lit lit baak

nkifayqiva mr tvigkikv+ Prmfqdvnunv~ me vla tarundat tadvmr kaaft vm ba qpgrifaf*

it vlnt tadvmr nt vla hiomr dmhpmkakv me kmkvrifibja idvnunv~ ikf lit baak

rajivnuaj~ waic nk Itni

a|dapv nk Nkfni+ Ragnmkij hircav nkvagrivnmk nt attakvnijit nv tvnhqjivat hmra ragnmkij vrifa nk gmmft ikf tarundat* draivat kaw bqtnkatt

mppmrvqknvnat* ikf eidnjnvivat hmbnjnzivnmk me ragnmkij tiunkgt emr ragnmkij

nkuatvhakv+

Emqrvl* vla drntnt lit rintaf vla yqatvnmk me wlavlar ahargnkg Itni tlmqjf raj~

mk vla NHE mr i ragnmkij ratarua(pmmjnkg irrikgahakv emr drntnt prauakvnmk ikf

ratmjqvnmk+ Vla G(20 haavnkg nk Jmkfmk igraaf vm nkdraita vla enkikdnij ratmqrdat

me vla NHE ermh &210 bnjjnmk vm &710 bnjjnmk* ikf vla NHE nkvrmfqdaf i kaw

enkikdnij nktvrqhakv* vla Eja|nbja Drafnv Jnka+ Jmmcnkg iv nvt radakv nkvaruakvnmktnk Aqrmpa* vla NHE ippairt vm liua badmha hmra eja|nbja* emdqtaf* ikf aeeadvnua

vlik fqrnkg vla Itnik enkikdnij drntnt nk 9>>7(9>>


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Mpaknkg Iffratt

nkdmha dmqkvrnat kaaf vm ba prmvadvaf b~ hicnkg DHN mparivnmkt hmra eja|nbja nk

i wi~ dmhpiribja vm vla NHEt Eja|nbja Drafnv Jnka+

Enkijj~* vla QT fmjjir hi~ kmv ba tvrmkg emrauar+ Itni kaaft vm ba prapiraf emr

auakvqij fmjjir fapradnivnmk* bagnkknkg wnvl i tarnmqt fntdqttnmk ibmqv ragnmkij

a|dlikga riva pmjnd~ dmmrfnkivnmk+ Itnik dmqkvrnat kaaf vm fntdqtt lmw Itnik

drmtt rivat dik rahink rajivnuaj~ tvibja nk vla auakv me i tlirp ikf ripnf

fapradnivnmk me vla QT fmjjir iginktv Itnik dqrrakdnat+ Ermh vla partpadvnuat me

bmvl pratarunkg hidrmadmkmhnd ikf enkikda tadvmr tvibnjnv~ ikf tadqrnkg

nkvarkivnmkij prnda dmhpavnvnuakatt* dmmrfnkivaf dqrrakd~ ippradnivnmk nt lnglj~

fatnribja+ Dmjjadvnua dqrrakd~ ippradnivnmk nk Itni dik ijtm eidnjnviva vla ragnmkt

grmwvl tlnev iwi~ ermh a|dattnua a|pmrv fapakfakda mk vla QT hircav vmwirftgrmwvl jaf b~ ragnmkij fahikf ikf vla kmkvrifibjat tadvmr+ Vla nkvrmfqdvnmk me

ik Itnik dqrrakd~ qknv* dmktntvnkg me vla ITAIK#4 dqrrakdnat ikf vla Lmkg

Cmkg fmjjir* wnjj ba qtaeqj nk tvrakgvlaknkg vla ragnmkt pmjnd~ fnijmgqa emr

graivar a|dlikga riva pmjnd~ dmmrfnkivnmk+

N bajnaua vliv ijj me vlata nhpmrvikv nttqat wnjj ba fntdqttaf ikf fabivaf lara nk

vla dmkearakda+ Lmpaeqjj~* vlata fntdqttnmkt ikf fabivat dik nfakvne~ ca~ pmjnd~

haitqrat vm ba vicak b~ Itnik gmuarkhakvt vm idlnaua tvibja ikf tqtvinkibja

admkmhnd grmwvl emr ijj+

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Tadvnmk N

Vla Gjmbij Enkikdnij Drntnt ikfvla Rmja me vla G(20

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VLA GJMBIJ ENKIKDNIJ DRNTNT IKF VLA RAEMRH ME VLA

NKVARKIVNMKIJ ENKIKDNIJ IRDLNVADVQRA? VLA G(20 IKF

VLA NKVARKIVNMKIJ HMKAVIR^ EQKF9

Tlnkon Vicign

I+ NkvrmfqdvnmkB~ lngljnglvnkg vla jnhnvivnmkt me vla a|ntvnkg nkvarkivnmkij enkikdnij irdlnvadvqra*

vla gjmbij enkikdnij drntnt lit brmqglv vla Grmqp me Vwakv~ ,G(20. kivnmkt2 nkvm

vla jnhajnglv it i kaw emrqh emr fntdqttnkg wmrjf admkmhnd nttqat iv vla lnglatv

pmjnvndij jauaj+ Nk vqrk* vla G(20 tqhhnvt me laift me tviva mr gmuarkhakv nkKmuahbar 200< ,Witlnkgvmk* FD. ikf Iprnj 200> ,Jmkfmk. dijjaf emr raemrh me

vla Nkvarkivnmkij Hmkavir~ Eqkf ,NHE.* nkdjqfnkg vla nhhafniva raemrh me nvt

jakfnkg pmjndnat ikf vla hafnqh(varh raemrh me nvt tqruanjjikda ikf gmuarkikda+

Wnjj vla G(20 parhikakvj~ rapjida vla Grmqp me Tauak ,G(7. ikf vla Grmqp me

Vak ,G(90. akvnraj~ nk vla pmtv(drntnt nkvarkivnmkij enkikdnij irdlnvadvqra= Wnjj

akfmrtahakv b~ vla G(20 jaifart ba tvrmkg akmqgl vm pqtl vla kaafaf raemrht me

vla NHE emrwirf= Vlata ira vla nttqat N wnjj iffratt nk vlnt pipar+

B+ Vla Eqvqra me vla G(20Gnuak nvt tauarnv~ ikf gjmbij tdija* vla mkgmnkg admkmhnd drntnt lit lngljnglvaf

vla jnhnvivnmkt me vla G(7 ikf G(90 prmdattat vliv liua akom~af fmhnkikv

pratakda nk vla nkvarkivnmkij enkikdnij irdlnvadvqra muar vla pitv 40 mr hmra ~airt+

Vla G(7 ,dmktntvnkg me Dikifi* Erikda* Garhik~* Nvij~* Oipik* vla Qknvaf

Cnkgfmh* ikf vla Qknvaf Tvivat. lit baak lmjfnkg ragqjir haavnkgt me enkikda

hnkntvart ikf dakvrij bikc gmuarkmrt tnkda vla 9>70t3 dmkvidvt iv vla fapqvnat

jauaj liua baak djmtar ikf hmra erayqakv+ Vla G(90 ,99 dmqkvrnat dmktntvnkg me

vla G(7 dmqkvrnat pjqt Bajgnqh* Twafak* Twnvzarjikf* ikf vla Kavlarjikft.*mrgiknzaf nknvnijj~ it i grmqp me dmqkvrnat tqbtdrnbnkg vm vla Gakarij

Irrikgahakvt vm Bmrrmw ,GIB. wnvlnk vla NHE nk vla 9>50t* lit* tnkda 9>76*

ittqhaf i tvikfirf(tavvnkg rmja ihmkg dakvrij bikct vlrmqgl vla wmrc me uirnmqt

Bitaj dmhhnvvaat+ Ihmkg vlah* vla hmtv nhpmrvikv nt vla Bitaj Dmhhnvvaa mk

Bikcnkg Tqparuntnmk* wlndl ijtm nkdjqfat rapratakvivnmkt ermh bikc tqparuntmrt

,tqbtayqakvj~* Jq|ahbmqrg ikf Tpink omnkaf vla G(90 grmqp.+

It vla gjmbij drntnt qkemjfaf* vla wmrjf wit hifa vm radmgknza vliv* gnuak vla

ahargakda me Briznj* vla Pampjat Rapqbjnd me Dlnki ,PRD.* Nkfni* vla Rapqbjnd

Tlnkon Vicign

96

9 Vlnt nt i rauntaf uartnmk me vla pipar pratakvaf iv vla KAIRIFBN dmkearakda lajf nk Tamqj mk 9 Oqka

200>2Vla G(20 dmktntvt me 9> dmqkvrnat(vla G(7 dmqkvrnat pjqt Irgakvnki* Iqtvrijni* Briznj * vla Pampjat

Rapqbjnd me dlnki* Nkfni* Nkfmkatni* vla Rapqbjnd me cmrai* Ha|ndm* Rqttni* Tiqfn Iribni* Tmqvl Ierndi*

ikf Vqrca~ikf vla Aqrmpaik Qknmk+


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me Cmrai ,lakdaemrvl Cmrai.* ikf mvlar dmqkvrnat it kaw admkmhnd pmwart* vla G(

7 ikf vla G(90 wara km jmkgar ifayqiva vm faij wnvl admkmhnd ikf enkikdnij

nttqat me gjmbij fnhaktnmkt+ Nktvaif* vla G(20* wlndl lif baak atvibjntlaf iv vla

G(7 enkikda hnkntvart haavnkg nk Tapvahbar 9>>>* vmmc dakvar tviga wnvl i

Kmuahbar 200< tqhhnv nk Witlnkgvmk* FD+ Vlak* nk 200>* vla Bitaj Dmhhnvvaa

nkunvaf ijj kmk(Bitaj hahbart me vla G(20 ,pjqt Tnkgipmra ikf Lmkg Cmkg*

Dlnki. vm omnk* vlqt hicnkg vla vmvij hahbartlnp 27+ Vla G(7 dmkvnkqat vm a|ntv*

vlmqgl wnvl fnhnkntlaf nkejqakda* wlnja vla G(90 lit unrvqijj~ daitaf vm a|ntv

a|dapv it i kmhnkij bmf~ me dmqkvrnat pirvndnpivnkg nk vla GIB+

Fm vlata fauajmphakvt haik vliv vla G(20 ,mr nvt a|pikfaf uartnmk* wnvl vla

iffnvnmk me tauarij enkikdnijj~ nhpmrvikv admkmhnat. wnjj ba iv vla dakvar me vlakaw ahargnkg nkvarkivnmkij enkikdnij irdlnvadvqra=

Vla ahargakda me uirnmqt ijplikqharnd grmqpt ,tqdl it vla G(7 ikf vla G(90.

nk vla nkvarkivnmkij enkikdnij irdlnvadvqra nt ik mqvdmha me vla nkaeeadvnuakatt me

tqprikivnmkij mrgiknzivnmkt ,tqdl it vla NHE. it fadntnmk(hicnkg bmfnat+

Ijvlmqgl tqprikivnmkij mrgiknzivnmkt akom~ rapratakvivnmk ikf jagnvnhid~* vla~

ira jnhnvaf nk vlanr ibnjnv~ vm hica fadntnmkt yqndcj~ ,mr hica ik~ fadntnmkt iv ijj.

gnuak vla tnza ikf fnuartnv~ me vlanr hahbartlnp+ Vlmqgl jnhnvaf nk rapratakvivnmk

ikf jagnvnhid~* thijjar nkvargmuarkhakv grmqpt dik idv hmra yqndcj~ qkfardarvink dmkfnvnmkt+ Qtqijj~* vlata dmkfnvnmkt nkdjqfa i tqeendnakvj~ thijj

hahbartlnp* ikf mka vliv nt rajivnuaj~ lmhmgakamqt nk varht me jauaj me

fauajmphakv ikf plnjmtmpl~+

Vla G(20 nt kmv jncaj~ vm vica vla pjida me vla G(7 mr G(90 badiqta nv fmat kmv

haav anvlar me vlata drnvarni me aeeadvnuakattnv nt vmm jirga ikf kmv tqeendnakvj~

lmhmgakamqt+ I grmqp me 9> mr 27 tmuarangk dmqkvrnat nt vmm jirga vm ba aeeadvnua

mr aeendnakv it i hadliknth me fadntnmk hicnkg3 i bmf~ vliv nkdjqfat vla Qknvaf

Tvivat mk vla mka likf ikf vla PRD mr Nkfni mk vla mvlar nt vmm fnuarta vm baratpmktnua ikf eja|nbja mk fnuntnua nttqat+ Fatpnva vla mqvwirf fahmktvrivnmk me

tmjnfirnv~ ikf ratpmktnuakatt tlmwk b~ vla G(20 jaifart mk vla jitv vwm

mdditnmkt* i djmta a|ihnkivnmk tlmwt vliv vla G(20 prmdatt lit tm eir prmfqdaf

jnvvja me tqbtvikda+

Auak nk varht me tlmwhiktlnp* wa dikkmv qta vla a|vrimrfnkir~ dnrdqhtvikda

me vla pitv tauarij hmkvlt it vla gqnfa emr prafndvnkg lmw vla G(20 prmdatt hi~

wmrc nk vla eqvqra+ Emr a|ihpja* wlak vla nkvaratvt me vla G(7 dmqkvrnat ikf vlmta

me vla PRD ikf Nkfni fneear tqbtvikvnijj~ mk drnvndij nttqat

it nt jncaj~ mk hik~nttqatlmw wnjj vla G(20 ratmjua vla fneearakdat= Mkda vla gjmbij drntnt nt muar*

vla takta me dmlatnmk vliv ippairt vm a|ntv kmw hi~ wajj ba jmtv+ Vla dqrrakv

vrmnci emrh me jaifartlnp* nk wlndl vla ratpmktnbnjnv~ emr igakfi tavvnkg nt rmvivaf

ermh ~air vm ~air* hi~ ba i knda faunda emr darahmknij paremrhikda bqv nv nt i

Nkvarkivnmkij enkikdnij irdlnvadvqra? { hmkavir~ eqkf

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radnpa emr nkaeeadvnuakatt ikf nrrajauikda wlara tqbtvikda hivvart+ Vla graivatv

waickatt me tqdl i t~tvah nt vliv vla nkumjuahakv me vla hmtv nhpmrvikv dmqkvrnat

nk vla igakfi(tavvnkg prmdatt nt kmv ittqraf+

Vla G(20 it ik akvnv~ prmbibj~ wnjj kmv daita vm a|ntv ik~ vnha tmmk* bqv vla

rmja nv pji~t wnjj jncaj~ ba jirgaj~ darahmknij+ Nhpmrvikv fadntnmkt wnjj jncaj~ ba

hifa nk i thijjar grmqpnkg me dmqkvrnatparlipt fneearakv grmqpt wnjj aharga

emr fneearakv tavt me nttqat+ Nk eidv* vlnt nt a|idvj~ wliv lippakaf nk JIyqnji*

Nvij~ nk Oqj~ 200>+ Emjjmwnkg vla Grmqp me Anglv ,G( ijtm igraaf mk i

kaw ijjmdivnmk me tpadnij friwnkg rnglvt ,TFRt. ihmqkvnkg vm ibmqv &210 bnjjnmk+

Nk iffnvnmk* vla NHE nt nk vla prmdatt me tavvnkg qp ik irrikgahakv wlarab~

hahbar dmqkvrnat dik pqrdlita kmvat nv nttqat+ Vla PRD ,qp vm &10 bnjjnmk.*

Briznj ikf Rqttni ,qp vm &90 bnjjnmk aidl.* ikf mvlart liua a|prattaf nkvaratv nk

pirvndnpivnkg nk tqdl i tdlaha wlak nv badmhat mparivnmkij+ Tadmkf* pirijjaj vmvlata fauajmphakvt lit baak wliv vla NHE hikignkg fnradvmr lit dijjaf i

hmfarknzivnmkme dmkfnvnmkijnv~* fatngkaf vm rahmua vlatvnghiivvidlaf vm

NHE bmrrmwnkg+

Tlnkon Vicign

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Dmkfnvnmkijnv~ lit ijwi~t baak i dmkvrmuartnij itpadv me NHE jakfnkg* bqv

atpadnijj~ tnkda vla Itnik drntnt me 9>>7(9>>< wlak vla NHE wit fntdrafnvaf emr

wliv hik~ dmktnfaraf vm ba nkipprmprniva varht me hidrmadmkmhnd ikf tvrqdvqrij

dmkfnvnmkijnv~+ Atpadnijj~ nk Nkfmkatni* bqv ijtm nk Cmrai* vla NHE drntnt

hikigahakv prmgriht dijjaf kmv mkj~ emr vnglv entdij ikf hmkavir~ pmjndnat* it

dqtvmhir~* bqv ijtm emr tvrqdvqrij raemrht nk irait vliv tmha vlmqglv wara kmv

eqkfihakvij vm ratmjunkg vla drntat ,Nkfapakfakv Auijqivnmk Meenda SNAMX 2004.+

Iv vliv vnha* hik~ dmqkvrnat* atpadnijj~ nk Itni* umwaf kauar vm bmrrmw ermh vla

NHE ikf bagik vm iddqhqjiva emrangk a|dlikga rataruat it ik nktqrikda iginktv i

tqffak ejnglv me dipnvij+ Dmqpjaf wnvl vla pjakvneqj tqppj~ me nkvarkivnmkij

jnyqnfnv~ nk vla airj~ vm hnf(2000t* vla NHE jmtv nvt dqtvmhart ikf emqkf nvtaje nk

tarnmqt enkikdnij fneendqjv~+ It radakvj~ it airj~ 200< nv jiqkdlaf vla prmdatt medqvvnkg vla tnza me nvt tviee b~ tmha 100 pampja ikf tmqglv vm enkf i fneearakv

bqtnkatt hmfaj vm tqtvink nvtaje+

Ijvlmqgl vla gjmbij enkikdnij drntnt brmqglv tmha jakfnkg bqtnkatt bidc* vla

NHE fadnfaf vm hica nvt jakfnkg eidnjnvnat auak hmra ivvridvnua vm drntnt

bmrrmwart+ Vla kawj~ atvibjntlaf Eja|nbja Drafnv Jnka ,EDJ.* emr prayqijnenaf

tvrmkg paremrhnkgadmkmhnat* lit fmka iwi~ wnvl dmkfnvnmkijnv~ it wa ckmw

nv+ Vla EDJ rapjidaf vla airjnar Tlmrv(Varh Jnyqnfnv~ Eidnjnv~ ,TJE.* atvibjntlaf

nk jiva 200< vm ratpmkf vm vla gjmbij drntnt* b~ ajnhnkivnkg eaivqrat qkfatnribja vmpmvakvnij bmrrmwartvla TJEt dippaf iddatt ikf tlmrv rapi~hakv parnmf* it

wajj it vla nkibnjnv~ vm qta nv mk i pradiqvnmkir~ bitnt+ Vla EDJ lit ijraif~

ivvridvaf Dmjmhbni* Ha|ndm* ikf Pmjikf it dqtvmhart* nk tlirp dmkvritv vm vla

praunmqt Dmkvnkgakv Drafnv Jnka ,DDJ. vliv einjaf vm ivvridv i tnkgja bmrrmwar+

Dmkfnvnmkijnv~ wit ijtm hmfarknzaf emr mvlar a|ntvnkg jakfnkg eidnjnvnat+ Nk i

pmjnd~ ipprmuaf b~ vla a|adqvnua bmirf nk Hirdl 200>* vla NHE kmw rajnat jatt

mklirfdmkfnvnmkijnv~ emr nvt jakfnkg3 nktvaif* nv rajnathmra mk pra(tav

yqijnendivnmk drnvarni ,a|(ikva dmkfnvnmkijnv~. rivlar vlik mk vrifnvnmkij ,a| pmtv.dmkfnvnmkijnv~+Tvrqdvqrij raemrht ira hmknvmraf nk vla dmkva|v me prmgrih

raunawt* ikf vla qta me tvrqdvqrij paremrhikda drnvarni wit fntdmkvnkqaf nk ijj

irrikgahakvt* nkdjqfnkg vlmta wnvl jmw(nkdmha dmqkvrnat+ Vla NHE wmqjf liua

jncaf vm gm auak eqrvlar vm ajnhnkiva yqikvnvivnua paremrhikda drnvarni emr

hidrmadmkmhnd pmjnd~ uirnibjat* bqv km dmktaktqt wit raidlaf vm hica vla

dlikga+

Vlata fauajmphakvt pmta tmha yqatvnmkt+ Emr a|ihpja* tlmqjf vla nkvarkivnmkij

dmhhqknv~ wajdmha vla hmfarknzivnmk me dmkfnvnmkijnv~ it i tvap raejadvnua mevla kaw admkmhnd raijnv~drntat ira jatt lmhagrmwk ikf vla wmrjf nt tm

nkvardmkkadvaf vliv ik nkvarkivnmkij jakfar me jitv ratmrv wmqjf bakaenv kmv oqtv vla

bmrrmwar bqv ijtm auar~mka ajta= Mr tlmqjf wa vlnkc me vlata fauajmphakvt it i

fikgarmqt hmua vliv wmqjf jaif vm ik auak bnggar hmrij lizirf emr bmvl


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gmuarkhakvt ikf nkvarkivnmkij nkuatvmrt= Ermh vla pmnkv me unaw me Itni* ira

vlata dlikgat tqeendnakv vm rahmua vla tvnghi ivvidlaf vm NHE bmrrmwnkg ikf

hica nv jatt dmhpajjnkg vm liua i ragnmkij enkikdnkg eidnjnv~ nk vla emrh me vla

hqjvnjivarijnzaf Dlnikg Hin Nknvnivnua=

F+ Nkvarkivnmkij Hmkavir~ Eqk f Tqruanjjikda RaemrhTvrakgvlaknkg NHE tqruanjjikda lit baak i dmktvikv vlaha* iv jaitv tnkda vla

Ha|ndik drntnt me 9>>6(9>>1+ I kqhbar me nknvnivnuat liua baak vicak muar vla

nkvaruaknkg ~airt* nkdjqfnkg vla atvibjntlhakv me vla Gakarij Fivi Fnttahnkivnmk

T~tvah nk 9>>7* vla Tpadnij Fivi Fnttahnkivnmk Tvikfirf nk 9>>5* vla Enkikdnij

Tadvmr Ittatthakv Prmgrih nk 9>>>* ikf vla aeemrvt wnvlnk vla NHE vm nkdraita nvtenkikdnij hircav a|parvnta+ Vla rapaivaf hikvri* iv jaitv tnkda vla Drmw Rapmrv

,Drmw* Irrnizq* ikf Vl~gatak 9>>>.* lit baaknhprmua enkikdnij tqruanjjikda*

emjjmwaf b~nkvagriva enkikdnij wnvl hidrmadmkmhnd tqruanjjikda+Nk vlnt

ratpadv* vla G(20 dijj emr tvrakgvlaknkg NHE tqruanjjikda nt kmv uar~ lajpeqj

badiqta nv gnuat km tpadnendt me lmw vm fm nv+

Badiqta hqdl lit ijraif~ baak fmkatqddatteqjj~ ikf qktqddatteqjj~vm

tvrakgvlak NHE tqruanjjikda* nv nt fneendqjv vm vlnkc me iffnvnmkij haitqrat+ Vlmta

iv vla NHE hqtv ckmw vliv vlara nt kmv hqdl hmra vla~ dik fm* iv jaitv wnvl vlavmmjt vla~ liua+ Vla~ liua kmv mboadvaf vm vla G(20 ifhmknvnmk mkj~ emr tvrivagnd

raitmkt ,nv nt i bif nfai vm fntigraa wnvl vla G(20* atpadnijj~ iv vlnt vnha.* ikf vla

NHE* ik nktvnvqvnmk vliv lif mkda baak vlmqglv nrrajauikv* nt kmw bankg itcaf vm

fm hmra) Nv nt ifuikvigamqt vm ba vlmqglv me it nkifayqiva iv vlnt vnha badiqta* nk

tqdl dnrdqhtvikdat* vla NHE hi~ ba gnuak graivar ratmqrdat ikf ba ibja vm

nkdraita vla tnza me nvt tviee igink+ Nk ik~ dita* baemra eqrvlar dmkdrava idvnmk dik

ba vicak vm tvrakgvlak NHE tqruanjjikda* wa hqtv enrtv favarhnka wliv wakv

wrmkg nk vla NHEt einjqra vm nfakvne~ vla uqjkaribnjnvnat vliv auakvqijj~

dmkvrnbqvaf vm vla dqrrakv drntnt+

Eqkfihakvijj~* hicnkg eqrvlar prmgratt nt fneendqjv pradntaj~ badiqta enkikdnij

tqruanjjikda nt fneendqjv* atpadnijj~ emr ik nkvarkivnmkij mrgiknzivnmk+ Ne enkikdnij

tqruanjjikda nt fneendqjv* nkvagrivnkg nv wnvl hidrmadmkmhnd tqruanjjikda nt auak

hmra fneendqjv+ Ik nkvarkivnmkij mrgiknzivnmk tnhpj~ fmat kmv liua vla vmmjt vliv

vla kivnmkij gmuarkhakvt liua vm a|ihnka vla bmmct me enkikdnij nktvnvqvnmkt ikf

mvlar hircav pirvndnpikvt+ B~ vlanr uar~ kivqra* fivi rajivaf vm enkikdnij

vriktidvnmkt nkdjqfnkg vla yqijnv~ me ittavt* hircav a|padvivnmkt* vla

drafnvwmrvlnkatt me bmrrmwart* ikf vla dmhpja|nv~ me farnuivnua pmtnvnmkt

iraprnuiva vm vlmta wlm idvqijj~ akgiga nk vla vriktidvnmkt+ Kivnmkij iqvlmrnvnat*

ijbanv wnvl tmha vnha jig* hi~ ba ibja vm qkdmuar tmha me vla nkemrhivnmk

vlrmqgl jagij haikt3 nkvarkivnmkij mrgiknzivnmkt ira eir vmm rahmuaf vm mbvink

rajauikv nkemrhivnmk nk i vnhaj~ hikkar+ Mka tlmqjf kmv a|padv vmm hqdl ermh

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nkvarkivnmkij mrgiknzivnmkt nk vla irai me enkikdnij tqruanjjikda ,qkjatt me dmqrta

vla~ ira eqjj~ ikf a|pafnvnmqtj~ tqppjnaf wnvl ijj rajauikv nkemrhivnmk b~ kivnmkij

iqvlmrnvnat.+

Vlara nt* lmwauar* ik irai nk wlndl nkvarkivnmkij mrgiknzivnmkt* tqdl it vla

NHE* dik iff uijqa nk enkikdnij tqruanjjikda? vm taa lmw kivnmkij hircavt ira

dmkkadvaf wnvl aidl mvlar ikf vm qkdmuar uqjkaribnjnvnat vliv ratqjv ermh drmtt(

bmrfar tpnjjmuart+ Vla NHE dik paremrh vlnt vitc mkj~ nk dmmparivnmk wnvl

kivnmkij iqvlmrnvnat vliv ira wnjjnkg vm prmunfa vnhaj~ fivi+ Hmramuar* vla NHE nt

likfndippaf b~ vla jidc me jagij hikfiva mr oqrntfndvnmk muar drmtt(bmrfar dipnvij

,mr nkvarkivnmkij enkikdnij. vriktidvnmkt+ Vm gnua vla NHE oqrntfndvnmk muar

nkvarkivnmkij enkikdnij vriktidvnmkt wmqjf rayqnra ik ihakfhakv me vla NHEIrvndjat me Igraahakv+ Vla G(20 tqhhnvt hifa tmha raearakda vm vla kaaf vm

raunaw vla hikfiva me nkvarkivnmkij enkikdnij nktvnvqvnmkt+ Gnuak vla fnuartnv~ me

mpnknmk mk vla rmja me vla NHE nk vla nkvarkivnmkij enkikdnij irdlnvadvqra* lmwauar*

lmw yqndcj~ vla faendnakd~ nk vla NHEt vmmjcnv wnjj ba iffrattaf nk vla dmkva|v

me ihakfnkg vla Irvndjat me Igraahakv rahinkt qkdarvink+

A+ Nkvarkivnmkij Hmkavir~ Eqkf Gmuarkikda RaemrhVla G(20 tqhhnvt tvrattaf vla kaaf vm nkdraita vla umnda ikf rapratakvivnmk mekaw admkmhnd pmwart nk vla gmuarkikda me vla NHE+ Nk vlnt dmkva|v* wliv lit

baak idlnauaf nk vla 2005 ikf 200< yqmvi raemrht nt fntippmnkvnkg? vla wanglv me

AQ(91 lit fadjnkaf mkj~ b~ ibmqv 0+5!* wlnja vliv me Itni ikf vla Pidnend lit

rntak b~ ibmqv 9+1!+ Vla G(20 tqhhnvt dijjaf emr vla ka|v rmqkf me yqmvi raemrh

vm ba dmhpjavaf b~ 2099 bqv* gnuak vla ratntvikda me dmqkvrnat vliv ira tav vm jmta

umnda* vla pida me raemrh dik mkj~ ba a|padvaf vm ba nkdrahakvij+ Wa tiw i

gjnhpta me vla a|vakv me vla jncaj~ ratntvikda nk vla Iprnj 200> haavnkg me vla

Nkvarkivnmkij Hmkavir~ ikf Enkikdnij Dmhhnvvaa* i hnkntvarnij ifuntmr~ bmf~ vm

vla NHE* wlara NHE gmuarkikda raemrh wit nknvnijj~ kmv pqv mk vla igakfi* auakvlmqgl vla haavnkg nhhafnivaj~ emjjmwaf vla G(20 tqhhnv ikf wit vnhaf wnvl

vla rajaita me vla Hikqaj Rapmrv ,Hikqaj av ij+ 200>.+

Rapratakvivnmk raemrh nt nhpmrvikv vm hinkvink ,mr ratvmra. vla jagnvnhid~ me vla

NHE* bqv nv dikkmv b~ nvtaje ba a|padvaf vm nhprmua nvt aeeadvnuakatt mr rajauikda+

Hmra mevak vlik kmv* vla NHE nt hikigaf vlrmqgl dmktaktqt3 riraj~ fmat vla NHE

a|adqvnua bmirf vica i emrhij umva nk nvt fadntnmkt+ Emr vlnt raitmk* vla 200 iddapvaf vla nfai nk prnkdnpja bqv rahinkaf hmra gakarij ibmqv vla

pradnta hmfijnv~ me nkdraitnkg hnkntvarnij nkumjuahakv b~ tnhpj~ akfmrtnkg vlanfai me gnunkgdmktnfarivnmkvmgraivar nkumjuahakv me vla Eqkft Gmuarkmrt

nk prmunfnkg tvrivagnd fnradvnmk vm vla NHE ikf nkdraitnkg nvt iddmqkvibnjnv~+

Graivar hnkntvarnij nkumjuahakv hi~ wajj nkdraita vla aeeadvnuakatt me vla NHE

it i fadntnmk(hicnkg bmf~ ikf* lakda* nvt rajauikda+ Lmwauar* vla dma|ntvakda me

nkemrhij nkvargmuarkhakvij grmqpt wnvl emrhij tqprikivnmkij nktvnvqvnmkt vliv

kmw dliridvarnzat vla nkvarkivnmkij enkikdnij irdlnvadvqra wnjj mkj~ daita ne vla

dmhpmtnvnmk me vla dmqkdnj ,mr i radmktvrqdvaf Nkvarkivnmkij Hmkavir~ ikf

Enkikdnij Dmhhnvvaa* wnvl a|pjndnv tqparuntmr~ iqvlmrnv~. dmnkdnfat wnvl vladmhpmtnvnmk me vla G(20 ,mr tmha mvlar bmf~ vliv rapjidat vla G(7 mr vla G(90.+

Vlnt nt qkjncaj~ vm lippak* lmwauar* it jmkg it Aqrmpa dmkvnkqat vm akom~

fntprmpmrvnmkiva rapratakvivnmk ikf unrvqijj~ km Ierndik dmqkvr~ nt i hahbar me

vla G(20+

E+ DmkdjqtnmkVla radakv gjmbij enkikdnij drntnt lit brmqglv vla G(20 nkvm vla jnhajnglv* ikf

lngljnglvaf vla kaaf emr NHE raemrht nk vla irait me tqruanjjikda ikf gmuarkikda+Wlnja vla nkejqakda me vla G(7 lit fnhnkntlaf ikf vla G(90 lit unrvqijj~ daitaf

vm a|ntv* vla pjida vla G(20 nt jncaj~ vm mddqp~ nk vla kaw nkvarkivnmkij enkikdnij

irdlnvadvqra wnjj kmv ba i rapjndi me vla G(7 mr vla G(90 nk vla mjf ragnhavla G(

20 nt vmm jirga ikf vmm fnuartnenaf i grmqp vm ba ik aeeadvnua fadntnmk hicar+ N

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liua irgqaf vliv* nk vla ahargnkg nkvarkivnmkij enkikdnij irdlnvadvqra* fneearakv

grmqpt me dmqkvrnat ira jncaj~ vm ba emrhaf vm fntdqtt fneearakv tavt me nttqat*

parlipt wnvl vla G(20 idvnkg it ik qhbrajji+

Vla kaaf vm tvrakgvlak NHE tqruanjjikda lit baak i dmktvikv vlaha tnkda vla

Ha|ndik drntnt+ Wnvl vla hik~ nknvnivnuat vliv liua ijraif~ baak vicak muar vla

nkvaruaknkg ~airt* nv nt kmv djair wliv tlmqjf ba fmka ka|v+ Enkikdnij tqruanjjikda

nt i fneendqjv vitc emr ik nkvarkivnmkij mrgiknzivnmk* ikf vla NHE nt ijtm

likfndippaf b~ vla jidc me oqrntfndvnmk muar drmtt(bmrfar dipnvij vriktidvnmkt+ Vm

tvrakgvlak NHE tqruanjjikda nk vlnt irai wmqjf rayqnra ik ihakfhakv me vla

Irvndjat me Igraahakv+ Vlmqgl vla G(20 tqhhnv ippairt vm liua akfmrtaf vla

nfai me ihakfnkg vla irvndjat* gnuak vla fnuarta mpnknmk vliv a|ntvt ihmkg vlahahbartlnp* raidlnkg igraahakv wnjj kmv ba ait~+

Ayqijj~ fneendqjv vm pqtl emrwirf wmqjf ba vla raemrh me NHE gmuarkikda+ Vla

umnda raemrh* nkumjunkg vla raijngkhakv me umvat vm raejadv vla kaw admkmhnd

raijnv~* nt i zarm(tqh giha ikf vlaraemra dik mkj~ ba i tjmw prmdatt+ Ikmvlar

itpadv me vla NHE gmuarkikda raemrh nt vm nkdraita vla nkumjuahakv me taknmr

pmjnd~ hicart nk vla nktvnvqvnmk* ik nfai vla G(20 tqhhnv brmifj~ akfmrtaf+ Lara*

vmm* vlara nt i fnuartnv~ me mpnknmk* wnvl tmha dmqkvrnat kmv tm caak mk gnunkg vla

NHE ik~ hmra iqvlmrnv~ vlik nv ijraif~ lit+ Ne kmvlnkg tqbtvikvnij lippakt iv vlaNHE muar vla dmhnkg hmkvlt* vla pratvnga me vla G(20 hi~ tqeear+ Wliv fmat nv

haik emr i grmqp me dmqkvnat vliv dmktvnvqva tmha >+ A|varkij Auijqivnmk me NHETqruanjjikda+ Nkvarkivnmkij Hmkavir~ Eqkf ,NHE.+

Nkfapakfakv Auijqivnmk Meenda+ 2004+ Vla NHE ikf Radakv Dipnvij Iddmqkv

Drntat? Nkfmkatni* Cmrai ikf Briznj+ Auijqivnmk rapmrv+ NHE+

]]]]+ 200+ Rapmrv me vla Dmhhnvvaa me Ahnkakv Partmkt mk NHE

Gmuarkikda Raemrh+ NHE+


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RAEMRH ME VLA NKVARKIVNMKIJ ENKIKDNIJ T^TVAH I

CMRAIK PARTPADVNUA

Cwiklm Tlnk

Vla gjmbij enkikdnij drntnt vliv tvirvaf nk 2007 laiunj~ nkejqakdaf vla wmrjf

admkmh~+ Vla Cmraik admkmh~ wit kmv ik a|dapvnmk* ikf vla wmk fapradnivaf

b~


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pji~ vlnt rmja bqv lit baak prmuak kmv vm ba aeeadvnua+ Nk eidv* vla tlirp

fapradnivnmk me vla wmk wit tvmppaf wlak vla QT Eafarij Ratarua igraaf vm i

twip dmkvridv me &4 bnjjnmk wnvl vla Bikc me Cmrai nk Mdvmbar 200.+

Wliv mvlar mpvnmkt fm ahargnkg admkmhnat tqdl Cmrai liua= Vla enrtv

pmttnbnjnv~ nt vm iddqhqjiva hmra emrangk rataruat+ Lmwauar* vlnt lit i dmtv*

atpadnijj~ nk Cmrait dita wlara pqrdlitat me emrangk rataruat ira enkikdaf b~

tajjnkg wmk(fakmhnkivaf bmkft+ Dmtvt iddrqa it jmkg it vlara nt ik nkvaratv riva

fneearakda bavwaak fmjjir(fakmhnkivaf bmkft ikf wmk(fakmhnkivaf bmkft+

Lmjfnkg hmra rataruat nt ijtm rntc~ it vla nkvarkivnmkij uijqa me vla ratarua

dqrrakd~ uirnat muar vnha+ Tadmkfj~* Cmrai hi~ vr~ vm nkvarkivnmkijnza nvt

dqrrakd~9+ Mkda vla dqrrakd~ nt nkvarkivnmkijnzaf* Cmrai hi~ lmpa vliv nvt

a|varkij enkikdnkg nt mbvinkaf vlrmqgl wmk(fakmhnkivaf ittavt tm vliv nv fmat kmvliua vm tqeear ermh i dqrrakd~ hnthivdl prmbjah+ Lmwauar* nkvarkivnmkijnzivnmk

me i dqrrakd~ nt lirfj~ idlnauaf vlrmqgl pmjnd~ akemrdahakvt* ikf nvt tqddatt nt

hinkj~ ittmdnivaf wnvl hircav eqkfihakvijt* wlndl ira kmv jncaj~ vm ba tivntenaf

nk vla tlmrv varh+

Enkijj~* Itnik dmqkvrnat hi~ taac vm emrh i kaw nkvarkivnmkij nktvnvqvnmk vliv

dik rapjida mr iv jaitv dmhpjahakv vla NHE nk Itni+ Vla dqrrakv gjmbij drntnt

rakawt nkvaratv nk hmkavir~ dmmparivnmk ihmkg Itnik dmqkvrnat+ It pmnkvaf mqv

b~ Pirc ikf Tlnk ,200>.* ratarua dqrrakd~ dmqkvrnat tqdl it vla QT akom~tqbtvikvnij prnunjagat it tqppjnart me gjmbij jnyqnfnv~+ Dqrrakvj~ kmka me vla Itnik

dqrrakdnat yqijne~ it i ca~ nkvarkivnmkij dqrrakd~* bqv ne Itnik dmqkvrnat pmmj vla

emrangk rataruat vla~ lmjf* mr ne vla~ tqddaaf nk draivnkg i dmhhmk Itnik

dqrrakd~* nv nt a|padvaf vliv vla~ wnjj ijtm ba ibja vm tav qp i prmpar nktvnvqvnmk

vliv dik prmunfa nkvarkivnmkij jnyqnfnv~ nk ik ipprmprniva wi~+

Raearakdat

Mbtveajf* H+ 200>+ Jakfart me Jitv Ratmrv nk i Gjmbijnzaf Wmrjf+ hnham+ Pirc*^+D+ ikf C+ Tlnk+ 200>+ Nkvarkivnmkijnzivnmk me Dqrrakd~ nk Aitv Itni?

Nhpjndivnmkt emr Ragnmkij Hmkavir~ ikf Enkikdnij Dmmparivnmk+ hnham+

Raemrh me vla nkvarkivnmkij enkikdnij t~tvah ( i Cmraik partpadvnua

24

9 Taa Pirc ikf Tlnk ,200>. emr vla prmt ikf dmkt me vla radakv ivvahpvt hifa b~ Itnik dmqkvrnat it wajj

it Cmrai vm nkvarkivnmkijnza vlanr dqrrakdnat+


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VLA GJMBIJ ENKIKDNIJ DRNTNT IKF VLA RMJA ME VLA G(20

Via(Ommk Cnh

9+ Lmw jmkg ik f lmw f aap wnjj vla gjmbij enkikdnij drntnt ba=Ievar tlmwnkg onvvart nk Eabrqir~ ikf airj~ Hirdl 200> ermh i pmvakvnij drntnt nk

Aitvark Aqrmpa ikf pmvakvnij eqrvlar jmttat iv gjmbij enkikdnij nktvnvqvnmkt* gjmbij

enkikdnij hircavt liua baak tvibnjnznkg tnkda hnf(Hirdl+ Lmwauar* vlara rahink

dmkdarkt vliv i undnmqt dnrdja wnjj ratqjv ermh vla mkgmnkg tvigkivnmk nk vla raij

admkmh~+ Vla partntvnkg tvigkivnmk lit baak grifqijj~ tpraifnkg vm mvlar

enkikdnij prmfqdvt ikf enkikdnij nktvnvqvnmkt* it taak nk vla tpnca nk vlafajnkyqakd~ rivnm me emrharj~ tmqkf dmhhardnij hmrvgiga(bidcaf tadqrnvnat ikf

nk vla favarnmrivnmk nk vla airknkgt me jnea nktqrart+ Ikmvlar enkikdnij drntnt nt vlqt

i pmttnbnjnv~+

Eqrvlar* ihnf i dmkvnkqaf tjqhp nk vla Qknvaf Tvivat ,QT. lmqtnkg tadvmr vliv

nkfqdaf vla drntnt* i rnta nk qkahpjm~hakv fqa vm admkmhnd tvigkivnmk nt ijtm

grifqijj~ a|pikfnkg emradjmtqrat mk prnha hmrvgigat+ Nk iffnvnmk* Brnvinkt

drafnv rivnkg mqvjmmc wit radakvj~ fmwkgrifaf vmkagivnua* it dmkdarkt liua

rntak vliv vlara dmqjf ba i enkikdnij drntnt tpircaf b~ vla Qknvaf Cnkgfmh ,QC.+Fqa vm vla laiu~ vmjj me dipnvij nkoadvnmkt emr enkikdnij nktvnvqvnmkt* rafqdaf vi|

rauakqat emjjmwnkg vla admkmhnd fmwkvqrk* ikf vla dmtv me admkmhnd tvnhqjqt

pidcigat* vla entdij faendnv me vla Gmuarkhakv me vla QC nt emraditv vm vmp 90! me

grmtt fmhatvnd prmfqdv ,GFP.* vla lnglatv ihmkg G(20 kivnmkt nk 200>+

Vlikct vm vla iggrattnua haitqrat me kivnmkij gmuarkhakvt* lmwauar* vla

dlikdat me ikmvlar 200


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vla tiha emr vla Tmqvlaitv Itnik dmqkvrnat vliv dmktvnvqva vla Ittmdnivnmk me

Tmqvlaitv Itnik Kivnmkt ,ITAIK.+

Vlnt nt vm ti~ vliv* nk mrfar emr Itnik kivnmkt vm ba ibja vm pqrtqa hqvqij bakaenv

vlrmqgl vla dmkvnkqikda me vla G(20* vla~ kaaf vm idvnuaj~ pirvndnpiva nk nv ikf

bqnjf tqppmrv t~tvaht emr aidl mvlar+ Nv nt pirvndqjirj~ nhpmrvikv vm faumva

mqrtajuat vlrmqgl hqvqij aeemrvt vm ifoqtvnkg vla kivnmkij yqmvit emr vla NHE ikf

rintnkg vla umnda me Itnik kivnmkt nk vla NHE ikf mvlar nkvarkivnmkij

mrgiknzivnmkt+ Vlata ifoqtvhakvt tlmqjf raejadv dlikgat nk vla rajivnua admkmhnd

tvrakgvl me vla hahbar kivnmkt me vla NHE ikf mvlar mrgiknzivnmkt+

Nk ratpadv vm tvrakgvlaknkg enkikdnij ragqjivnmkt* wa tlmqjf dmktnfar vliv nv witvla nktqeendnakd~ ikf vla einjqra me enkikdnij tqparuntnmk nk ifuikdaf kivnmkt vliv

lihparaf vla enkikdnij tvibnjnv~ me ahargnkg hircav dmqkvrnat+ N wmqjf vlqt faah

nv kadattir~ vliv Itnik kivnmkt a|pratt mqr unawt ikf idvnuaj~ vica pirv nk ik~

fntdqttnmkt nk vlnt irai+

Nk pirvndqjir* Cmrai tlmqjf hica ik idvnua aeemrv vm omnk it i parhikakv hahbar

me vla tqbdmhhnvvaa ikf vla fadntnmk hicnkg bmf~ me vla ETB* wlndl wnjj ittqha

vla rmja me vla kaw nkvarkivnmkij enkikdnij tqparuntmr~ nktvnvqvnmk+ Vlnt wnjj ijtm

aklikda Cmrait rmja it i rapratakvivnua emr Itnik ahargnkg hircav dmqkvrnat+Cmrai tlmqjf iggrattnuaj~ vica ifuikviga me dlinrnkg vla G(20 ka|v ~air b~

lajpnkg vm tajadv vla nvaht ikf hink igakfi nk prapirnkg emr vla tqhhnv+ Eqrvlar*

wa kaaf vm iggrattnuaj~ pqbjndnza mqr a|parnakda nk tqddatteqjj~ muardmhnkg i

enkikdnij drntnt nk vla pitv ikf vlarab~ eqrvlar bmjtvar vla Cmrait rmja+

Nk attakda* Cmrai kaaft vm eiumribj~ jmmc iv vla eidv vliv* vlrmqgl vla dmhnkg

NHE raemrh* wa tlmqjf ba ibja vm rinta Cmrai't pmtnvnmk wnvlnk vla NHE+ Jav qt

ijtm caap nk hnkf vliv* auak vlmqgl vla ibtmjqva hiomrnv~ me pratakv NHE

hahbart nt fauajmpnkg dmqkvrnat* vla rajivnua hnkmrnv~ me ifuikdaf dmqkvrnat lmjf50! me vla umvnkg rnglvt ikf ijtm hica qp vla hiomrnv~ me vla a|adqvnua fnradvmrt+

Vlara nt* vlqt* yqnva djairj~ i jidc me fahmdrid~ ikf einr rapratakvivnmk+

Nk tqbtayqakv NHE raemrh fntdqttnmkt* wa tlmqjf engqra vliv Cmrai wnjj ba ibja

vm rinta nvt rmja nk vla NHE b~ hicnkg aeemrvt vm raitmkibj~ ifoqtv kivnmkij yqmvit

it airj~ it pmttnbja nk i wi~ vliv raejadvt dlikgat nk vla rajivnua admkmhnd

tvrakgvl me hahbar dmqkvrnat+ Aeemrvt hqtv ijtm ba hifa vm pqv nk pjida i rmvivnmk

tdlaha me dmktvnvqakv dmqkvrnat* bitaf mk mboadvnua drnvarni tqdl it vla idvqij

admkmhnd tnza me hahbar kivnmkt+ Iv vla tiha vnha* a|ntvnkg dmqkvrnat tlmqjfliua vlanr dmktvnvqakd~ a|ihnkaf ikf oqtvnenaf+ Enkijj~* Cmrai tlmqjf idvnuaj~

vica pirv nk favinjaf fntdqttnmkt mk vla prmdafqrat emr ajadvnkg vla hikignkg

fnradvmr* tm it vm rinta vla dmqkvr~t rmja nk vla ajadvnmk prmdatt+ Hmramuar* wa

kaaf vm nhprmua vla dlikdat me Cmraik partmkkaj enjjnkg taknmr pmtnvnmkt iv vla

Via(Ommk Cnh

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NHE b~ ifumdivnkg emr ipprmprniva ragnmkij fntvrnbqvnmk me lngl(jauaj

ippmnkvhakvt+

Vla gjmbij enkikdnij drntnt ikf vla rmja me vla G(20

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VLA GJMBIJ ENKIKDNIJ DRNTNT IKF VLA TVRAKGVLAKNKG

ME ENKIKDNIJ RAGQJIVNMK

Warkar Cihppavar

9+ Lmw jmkg ik f lmw f aap wnjj vla gjmbij enkikdnij drntnt ba=Nk vla dmqrta me vla 9>0.+ N pndcaf qp vla jmmta akft me vlmta fntdqttnmkt ikf

diha vm vla dmkdjqtnmk vliv wa wara laifnkg emr i tarnmqt enkikdnij ikf admkmhnd

drntnt+ Nvt diqtat ji~ mk vla mka likf nk vla nkemrhivnmkij faendnakdnat* hmrij

lizirft* ikf vla tmjnptnth me dipnvij hircavt ikf* mk vla mvlar* nk vla QT

fmqbjafaendnv prmbjah ikf vla dmrratpmkfnkg gjmbij tiunkgnkuatvhakv

fntayqnjnbrni+ N wit dmkunkdaf vliv ne wa fnf kmv dlikga dmqrta* n+a+* raragqjiva

enkikdnij hircavt ikf rauarta vla gjmbij hidrmadmkmhnd fntayqnjnbrni* vla wmrjf

admkmh~ wit laifnkg emr ik auar hmra nktdrqvibja prmbjah+

Vla Rapqbjnd me Cmrai ,lakdaemrvl Cmrai. iv vliv vnha lif oqtv wmk vla bivvja

emr fahmdrid~+ Ievar vla emrhar fndvivmrnij ikf fauajmphakvij gmuarkhakvt lif

dmkvrmjjaf vla admkmh~ rivlar tvrndvj~* vla admkmh~ a|parnakdaf i hiomr

jnbarijnzivnmk frnua qkfar nvt kaw fahmdrivnd gmuarkhakv+ Nk i takta* ievar liunkg

tqeearaf tm hqdl qkfar nvt iqvlmrnvirnik gmuarkhakvt* Cmrai eajj nkvm vla vrip me

dmktnfarnkg admkmhnd eraafmh it ik ayqnuijakv me pmjnvndij eraafmh ikf

jnbarijnth+ It wa hi~ liua jairkaf ermh vla pratakv drntnt* pmjnvndij ikf

admkmhnd eraafmht ira yqnva fneearakv iknhijt+ Badiqta admkmhnd eraafmh dikba yqnva fatvrqdvnua ikf nhpmta i laev~ prnda mk vla pqbjnd* auak vla hmtv jnbarij

fahmdridnat kaaf vm ratvrink vla eraafmh me vla admkmhnd idvmrt+ Vlnt nt pradntaj~

vla haiknkg me vla prnhid~ me pmjnvndt+ It wa ckmw ermh pmjnvndij tdnakda ikf

dmktvnvqvnmkij jiw* fahmdrivnd ragnhat ijtm kaaf i tviva ibja vm idv aeeadvnuaj~ vm

tieagqirf vla pqbjnd gmmf+ ^av* badiqta me bmqkfaf rivnmkijnv~* nfamjmg~* hafni

fahmdrid~* jmbb~nth* avd+* nv nt kmv iv ijj ait~ vm friw vla prmpar jnka bavwaak

prnuiva ikf pqbjnd nkvaratv9+

Ippirakvj~* iv vliv vnha h~ unawt wara dmhpjavaj~ fntdmrfikv wnvl raijnv~+Nktvaif me hmunkg vmwirf vla ib~tt* it N lif a|padvaf* vla wmrjf admkmh~ ikf

Warkar Cihppavar

2>9* vlata wara kmv wajj radanuaf+


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vla enkikdnij hircavt nk pirvndqjir akvaraf i plita me hqdl(printaf ikf tafqdvnua

bqm~ikd~+ ^av* qkemrvqkivaj~* nk vla akf vla tmjnptnth me atvrikgaf enkikdnij

hircavt omnkaf likft wnvl vla gjmbij hidrmadmkmhnd fntayqnjnbrni ,wlndl dmqjf

kmv liua mddqrraf wnvlmqv vla jnbarijnzivnmk me dipnvij iddmqkvt. ikf prmfqdaf vla

hmtv tauara drntnt tnkda vla Graiv Faprattnmk me vla 9>40t+

N wit b~ eir kmv vla mkj~ admkmhntv vm pardanua vlmta prmbjaht 20 ~airt igm* ~av

nv vmmc hmra vlik vwm fadifat emr vla fntitvrmqt dmktayqakdat rmmvaf nk vlata

prmbjaht vm badmha ik qkfaknibja raijnv~+ Tlmqjf mka raijj~ ba tqrprntaf ne nv

vmmc ikmvlar 20 ~airt vm tmrv mqv vla prmbjaht draivaf b~ vla pratakv wmrjf

admkmhnd ikf enkikdnij drntnt= Vlara ira pjakv~ me raitmkt vm bajnaua vlnt hi~

mddqr?,n. It hmtv mbtaruart igraa* vlnt nt vla hmtv tarnmqt drntnt tnkda vla Graiv

Faprattnmk+

,nn. Nk vlnt ahargakd~* hmtv hiomr admkmhnat ratpmkfaf wnvl lqga nkdraitat

nk gmuarkhakv a|pakfnvqra ikf gqirikvaat emr enkikdnij nktvnvqvnmkt* ~av

gmuarkhakv fabv auakvqijj~ wnjj badmha i lqga bqrfak emr vi|pi~art ikf

pqv tarnmqt jnhnvt mk vla ibnjnv~ me gmuarkhakvt* lmqtalmjft* ikf prnuiva

akvarprntat vm tpakf* dmktqha* ikf nkuatv+ Kmv jaitv* vla pitv ikf pratakv

iddqhqjivnmk me fabv wnjj tauaraj~ ratvrndv vla eqvqra hikaquaribnjnv~ me

gmuarkhakvt nk waivlarnkg vla pratakv ikf eqvqra drntat+,nnn. Vla a|vrahaj~ jmmta hmkavir~ pmjndnat ikf vla lqga tqht tpakv vm

tvibnjnza vla enkikdnij t~tvah dmqjf wajj diqta i jnyqnfnv~(frnuak ittav

bqbbja nk enkikdnij ikf dmhhmfnv~ hircavt nk vla eqvqra+ Tmuarangk rntc

nt bmqkf vm rnta ,Rmqbnkn 200>.+

,nu. Ippirakvj~* vla pmjnvndij pmwar ikf nkejqakda me enkikdnij ikf mvlar

uatvaf nkvaratvt nk vla einjaf kamjnbarij ragnha nt qkbrmcak2+

,u. Auak vlmqgl vlara liua baak tmha twnev raidvnmkt* nv nt lirf vm nfakvne~

tarnmqt aeemrvt vm nhprmua vla a|ntvnkg t~tvah me gjmbij nktvnvqvnmkt+ Vlnt

t~tvah nt erighakvaf* nkdmlarakv* a|djqtnmkir~* jirgaj~ nkaeeadvnua*qkiddmqkvibja* ikf tjmw ,Lajf ikf ^mqkg 200>.+

,un. It ~av* kmbmf~ nt raijj~ tqra wlavlar wa wnjj gav nkejivnmk* faejivnmk*

tvigejivnmk* mr i tvrmkg radmuar~* radattnmk* mr auak faprattnmk+

Vlqt* wlnja vlnt jntv dmqjf aitnj~ ba a|pikfaf* mpvnhnth emr i yqndc ratmjqvnmk

Vla gjmbij enkikdnij drntnt ikf vla tvrakgvlaknkg me enkikdnij ragqjivnmk

2>

2Vlnt lit i fnratv aeeadv mk gmuarhakv idvnmk? N vlnkc vla Mbihi ifhnkntvrivnmk lit tqddqhbaf vm

pmjnvndij prattqra ikf tdira(hmkgarnkg b~ vla bng bikct+ It i ratqja* vla ifhnkntvrivnmk lit dmkeqtaf

binjnkg mqv vla bikcart ikf vlanr tliralmjfart wnvl binjnkg mqv vla bikct+++vlnt nt i emrh me artivzdipnvijnth* nk wlndl vla jmttat ira tmdnijnzaf ikf vla prmenvt prnuivnzaf+++Iharndi lit a|pikfaf nvt

dmrpmriva tieav~ kav nk qkpradafakvaf wi~t+++ Vla rndl ikf pmwareqj vqrk vm vla gmuahhakv+++wlnja vla

kaaf~ nkfnunfqijt gav jnvvja tmdnij prmvadvnmk+ ,Tvngjnvz 200>.+ Vlqt*dmrpmriva wajeirnthqkfarrivat

tmdnij wajeira+ Nkvla tiha uank* Omlk Twaaka~ ,200>. dmhpjinkaf iv vla Mrgikntivnmk emr Admkmhnd Dm(

mparivnmk ikf Fauajmphakv ,MADF. Dmqkdnj mk 26 Oqka 200> vlivvla entdij tvnhqjqt pidcigat vm

fiva ira kmv tqeendnakvj~ emdqtaf mk ahpjm~hakv ikf tmdnij prmvadvnmk+


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me vla pratakv drntnt fmat kmv taah vm ba oqtvnenaf+ Eqrvlarhmra* wa tlmqjf kmv

emrgav vliv wa eida jirgar ikf faapar dlijjakgat vlik vla tlmrv(varh hikigahakv

me vlnt drntnt ikf vla radmktvnvqvnmk me admkmhnd gmuarkikda tvrqdvqrat+ Oqtv vm

hakvnmk vwm me vlah?

,n. Akunrmkhakvij fatvrqdvnmk ikf vla wravdlaf pmuarv~ me hmtv lqhik

bankgt mk vlnt pjikav tqraj~ ira hqdl hmra fahikfnkg jmkg(varh

dlijjakgat* ikf vla~ ira bmqkf vm badmha hmra tarnmqt vlrmqgl vlnt

drntnt+

,nn. Ievar fadifat me tvnhqjivnkg admkmhnd grmwvl vlrmqgl gmuarkhakv

faendnvt* wa liua kmv taak i tngknendikv rafqdvnmk nk vla jauajt me

qkahpjm~hakv+ Nktvaif* vla tqparejqmqt pmpqjivnmk mqvtnfa vla emrhij

hircav admkmh~ ,wlm wmqjf kmv rahahbar Irvlqr W+ Jawnttqrpjqtjibmrdmkdapv=. lit nkdraitaf rahircibj~* kivnmkijj~ it wajj it

gjmbijj~+ Auak nk Mrgikntivnmk emr Admkmhnd Dm(mparivnmk ikf

Fauajmphakv ,MADF. dmqkvrnat* i tvaifnj~ nkdraitnkg kqhbar me pampja*

wlm ira dnvnzakt me fahmdrivnd ragnhat vliv raj~ mk kmvnmkt me tmdnij

oqtvnda* enjj vla rikct me vlapradirniv* vr~nkg vm aca mqv i hmfatv jnunkg

mk vla ernkgat me vla prmtparmqt dmra me vla hircav admkmh~ mr raj~nkg

mk pqbjnd vrikteart+ Wa ira bmqkf vm wmkfar wlavlar admkmhnd grmwvl

dik raijj~ ba vla bitnd rivnmkija mr nfamjmg~ emr admkmhnd pmjnd~ hicnkg+

Qkemrvqkivaj~* vla pratakv admkmhnd ikf enkikdnij drntnt kmv mkj~ fnuarvt

ivvakvnmk ermh vlata faapar prmbjaht* bqv vakft vm taa vla mkj~ tmjqvnmk nk vla

nfamjmg~ me admkmhnd grmwvl* uirkntlnkg nv wnvl kawj~ pmpqjir ~av mjf(eitlnmkaf

kam(Ca~katnik grmwvl pidcigatbitvirf Ca~katniknthit Omik Rmbnktmk

wmqjf liua tinf4+

2+ Vla hink idlnauahakvt ikf jnhnvivnmkt me vla G(20 tqhhnv nk JmkfmkIt N dikkmv djinh vm ik~ faapar ckmwjafga ibmqv vla ermkv(fmmr ratqjvt ikf bidc(fmmr faijnkgt me vliv tqhhnv* N wikv vm jnhnv h~taje vm mka dmhhakv? Nk ijj

enkikdnij drntat tnkda vla Jivnk Iharndik fabv drntnt nk vla airj~ 9>64. 9>


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Lajjankar* part+ dmhh+.+

N radmgknza vla dmkdapvqij ikf pridvndij prmbjaht nk jnhnvnkg tlmrv(varh dipnvij

hmuahakvt* ~av N ih enrhj~ dmkunkdaf vliv vla~ kaaf vm ba ragqjivaf tarnmqtj~+

Tmha admkmhntv hnglv ba ibja vm irgqa dmkunkdnkgj~ vliv emrangk fnradv

nkuatvhakv meeart kav bakaenvt emr vla radnpnakv dmqkvrnat ,N fm kmv fak~ tmha

tcapvndnth.+ Lmwauar* raearrnkg vm ik irgqhakv erayqakvj~ hifa b~ Oigfntl

Bligwivn* nk dmkvritv vm vla dita me eraa vrifa* kmbmf~ lit ~av baak ibja vm

fahmktvriva vliv qkratvrndvaf nkvarkivnmkij dipnvij hmuahakvt jaif vm lnglar

jauajt me wajeira+

4+ Tvrakgvlaknkg enkikdnij ragqjivnmkBikcnkg nt vla nkfqtvr~ vliv einjaf+ Bikct ira haikv vm ijjmdiva dipnvij vm

bqtnkattat ikf dmktqhart aeendnakvj~+++Bikct ira tqppmtaf vm hica hmka~ b~

tcnjjeqjj~ hikignkg vla rntc me vriktemrhnkg tlmrv(varh fabv nkvm jmkg(varh jmikt3

nktvaif* vla~ wara qkfmka b~ nv+ Vla~ ira tqppmtaf vm a|pafnva vla ejmw me drafnv

vlrmqgl vla admkmhnat3 nktvaif* vla~ akfaf qp bjmdcnkg nv+,Admkmhntv* 95 Hi~

200>.+

Jmmcnkg iv vlnt fntitvar ikf nvt lmrrnbja tayqajt* mka dikkmv iumnf badmhnkg

kmrhivnua+ Vlara nt* ievar ijj* i fneearakda bavwaak prnuiva ikf pqbjnd nkvaratv+ Nv ntvla vitc me jiwt ikf ragqjivnmkt vm tieagqirf pqbjnd nkvaratv wnvl ragirf vm prnuiva

nkvaratvt ikf* mka hnglv iff* vm prmvadv vla prnuiva nkvaratvt iginktv vlanr mwk

hifkatt+

Ermh i kmrhivnua pmnkv me unaw* vla rnglv me a|ntvakda me enkikdnij

nkvarhafnirnat dik mkj~ ba bitaf mk vlanr qtaeqjkatt emr vla raij admkmh~ ikf me

vla pqbjnd nkvaratv nk gakarij+ Vla enkikdnij hircavt mqglv vm tarua fqvneqjj~ vla

kaaft me vla raij admkmh~ ,Cihppavar 9>>4.+

Emr vla raij admkmh~* enkikdnij nkvarhafnirnat liua emqr bitnd eqkdvnmkt?

,n. hmbnjnzivnmk me tiunkgt*

,nn. ijjmdivnmk me tiunkgt vm nkuatvhakv nk varht me prmenvibnjnv~ ikf rntc*

,nnn. eidnjnvivnmk me enkikdnij vriktidvnmkt bavwaak admkmhnd idvmrt* ikf

,nu. nkvarvahpmrij ijjmdivnmk me jnyqnfnv~+

Nk pirvndqjir* wnvl ratpadv vm vla enrtv vwm eqkdvnmkt* enkikdnij nkvarhafnirnat

liua einjaf fnthijj~+ Wa liua jairkaf vla lirf wi~ vliv hmtv enkikdnij hircavt

ira nkaeendnakv nk ijjmdivnkg eqvqra rntc* ira lnglj~ umjivnja* ikf ira frnuak b~a|padvivnmkt mk a|padvivnmkt mk a|padvivnmkt* ne kmv b~ tlaar graaf ikf

radcjattkatt?

,n. Nktvaif me hmbnjnznkg tiunkgt* vla bqtnkatt me enkikdnij nkvarhafnirnat

a|pikfaf bitaf mk drafnv ikf jnyqnfnv~ draivnmk ikf a|vrahaj~ lngl


49


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jauariga rivnmt+ Vla~ fnf tm jirgaj~ mqvtnfa vla ragqjivaf tplara me vlanr

bqtnkattat ikf eir ba~mkf wliv vlanr ayqnv~ pmtnvnmkt wmqjf ba ibja vm

bair+

,nn. Nktvaif me hmbnjnznkg tiunkgt emr raij nkuatvhakv* enkikdnij

nkvarhafnirnat dirajattj~ a|pikfaf dmktqhar drafnv ikf* nk pirvndqjir nk

vla QT* hmrvgiga enkikda* gakarivnkg i raij atviva bqbbja+

,nnn. Auak bikct* wlndl raijj~ tlmqjf liua ckmwk bavvar* akgigaf nk

a|dattnua hivqrnv~ vriktemrhivnmk ,it nk dmkfqnvt ikf TNUt.* wlndl

vlak dmkvrnbqvaf vm vla jnyqnfnv~ dritl+

,nu. I 21! riva me ravqrk bakdlhirc emr jaifnkg bikcnkg nktvnvqvnmkt

nhpjnaf vliv vlara wit tmhavlnkg tarnmqtj~ wrmkganvlar vlata

nktvnvqvnmkt akgigaf nk vmm hqdl rntc vicnkg mr dmhpavnvnmk fnf kmvwmrc vla wi~ nv tlmqjf+ Vlara wit i erikvnd tairdl emr ~najf ,~najf

pikndit Hirvnk Lajjwng pqv nv.* wlndl dmkvrnbqvaf vm vla hikni me

hircavt ikf enkikdnij nktvnvqvnmkt+

,u. Gmuarkikda wit ejiwaf nk i uirnav~ me wi~t+ T~tvah(tvibnjnznkg

nkdakvnuat wara anvlar ibtakv* wrmkg* mr nkaeeadvnua+ Ragqjivmrt* dakvrij

bikct* gmuarkhakvt* pmjnvndnikt* ikf nkvarkivnmkij ragqjivnkg bmfnat

vqrkaf i bjnkf a~a* vm ti~ vla jaitv* ikf* wmrta* jnvarijj~ fnf kmv ckmw

wliv wit gmnkg mk nk vla hircavt+ Emr a|ihpja* emr bavvar mr wmrta*

Bitaj NN wit bitaf mk vla rntc hmfajt me vla bikct ikf* ijmkg wnvlBitaj N* akdmqrigaf vla emrhivnmk me dmkfqnvt mqvtnfa me bijikda

tlaavt+ Bitaj N ikf NN hifa nv pmttnbja emr bikct vm vraiv ittavt qkfar

darvink dmkfnvnmkt wnvl i zarm(rntc wanglv3 vlnt wit i radnpa emr

fntitvar+

,un. Ikmvlar ejiw pmnkvaf mqv b~ Dlirjat Gmmflirv nt vliv* wlnja vla gmmf

vnhat tvnjj rmjj* nv nt fneendqjv emr vla gqirfnikt me vla enkikdnij t~tvah vm

vica haitqrat vliv wnjj rafqda admkmhnd grmwvl nk vla tlmrv varh nk

vla nkvaratv me eakfnkg mee i radattnmk km mka vlnkct wnjj lippak

,Pjakfar 200>.+,unn. Bikcart ikf hikigart fnf kmv ckmw hqdl bavvar+ Vla pirihavart me

baliunmr wara tav b~ bmkqtat* paar prattqra* dirrnar dmkdarkt* eairt me

bankg mtvridnzaf* ikf* ijit* vla taje(eqjenjjnkg prmhntat me vlanr

faendnakv hmfajt1+ Nkvarkij rntc dmkvrmj wit kmv dmhpralaktnua* bqv

fntvmrvaf ikf waic+

,unnn. Rivnkg igakdnat ijtm fnf kmv ckmw bavvar* mr vla~ ckaw bqv wara ierinf

vm lqrv vlanr dmktqjvnkg bqtnkatt+ ^av* wlak vlnkgt badiha vmqgl* vla~

vrnggaraf ikf iddajarivaf vla nhpjmtnmk me hircavt ikf vla fneendqjvnat

Warkar Cihppavar

42

1Mka tarnmqt faeadv me vlata hmfajt wit vliv vla~ qkfaratvnhivaf vinj rntct vliv wnvl mqr pratakv

ckmwjafga dikkmv ba yqikvnenaf ,fa Griqwa* 200


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35/274

It lit baak ckmwk emr i jmkg vnha* tliralmjfart ira kmv ibja vm

nhpmta vriktpirakd~ ikf hircav fntdnpjnka+ Nktvaif* emr hik~ fadifat

ijraif~* vla tvmdc dmhpik~ lit taruaf it i dihmqejiga emr hikigarnij

dipnvijnth+ Vlata nkemrhivnmkij it~hhavrnat wara eqrvlar aklikdaf b~

wrmkg nkdakvnuat tqdl it tvmdc mpvnmkt ikf mvlar knda faundatwnvl

fntitvrmqt dmktayqakdat it wa dmqjf taa igink+

,nnn. Wliv dmkvrnbqvnmk fm nkvarkivnmkij tlmrv(varh dipnvij hmuahakvt* a+g+*

pmrvemjnm nkuatvhakvt ikf vla ~ak dirr~ vrifa* hica vm raij nkuatvhakv

ikf ahpjm~hakv= Vla~ liua baak i hiomr ualndja emr vrikthnvvnkg

bmmh ikf bqtv idrmtt bmrfart+ Vla~ liua prmfqdaf frihivnd a|dlikga

riva hmuahakvt ikf fatvibnjnzaf raij admkmhnd idvnunvnat+,nu. Hmra gakarijj~* ne hmuahakvt nk vla dipnvij iddmqkv favarhnka

a|dlikga riva hmuahakvt ,it vla~ liua emr yqnva i kqhbar me ~airt.*

vlak a|dlikga rivat dikkmv eqjenjj vlanr raij(admkmh~ eqkdvnmk it i

dakvrij prnda emr bijikdnkg vrifa ikf ijjmdivnkg ratmqrdat+ Lakda* eraa(

vrifa irgqhakvt me wlivauar fatdrnpvnmk badmha nkuijnf+ Nv darvinkj~ nt

kmv uar~ eir(eavdlaf vm irgqa vliv eraa(vrifa nfamjmg~ ,vla mkj~ vlnkg

jaev mkda nvt vlamravndij oqtvnendivnmk jmtat tvrnkgakd~. lit bitndijj~

taruaf vm fntdnpjnka jibmr ikf gmuarkhakvt ,a+g+* vlrmqgl vla

Witlnkgvmk dmktaktqt.+,u. Vla tpaaf wnvl wlndl enkikdnij hircavt hmua nt a|dattnua ikf lit

kagivnua rapardqttnmkt emr vla raij admkmh~+ Lmw dik nv ba* emr

a|ihpja* vliv vla a|dlikga riva* wlndl nt tqppmtaf vm raejadv vla

iuariga me h~rnift me prnda hmuahakvt* nt mka me vla hmtv qktvibja

ikf umjivnja prndat= Tqraj~* vlara nt i kaaf vm fihpak vla tpadqjivnua

hmmf nk vlata hircavt vlrmqgl vriktidvnmk vi|at mr mvlarwnta+

,un. Nt tadqrnvnzivnmk nkvakfaf vm dnrdqhuakv tvivqvmr~ ragqjivnmk* mr fmat nv

nkfaaf raijjmdiva ikf prmunfa i bavvar tlirnkg me rntct= Fmat nv rafqda

vla rntct emr raij admkmhnd idvmrt=

b+ Rivnmkija emr tvivqvmr~ prqfakvnij ragqjivnmk

,n. Jnhnv vla rntc nhpjndivnmkt me tvrivagnd dlmndat hifa b~ enkikdnij

nkvarhafnirnat emr vlanr drafnvmrt ikf vla enkikdnij t~tvah it i wlmja+

,nn. Draiva i ragqjivmr~ erihawmrc vliv gakarivat tvibnjnv~ auak wlak

hntvicat ira hifa ,Jaa Fqclmmk* part+ dmhh+.+

,nnn. +++vla kmvnmk vliv vlara nt i fneearakda bavwaak prnuiva nkvaratvt ikf

vla pqbjnd nkvaratv nk rntc hikigahakv ikf rntc dmkvrmj me bikct taahtvm liua baak jmtv+,Lajjwng 200


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,n. Vla t~tvah mqglv vm ba bitaf mk gakarij prnkdnpjat ikf i hnknhqh tav

me nkvarkivnmkij gqnfajnkat+ Vlara nt i tvrmkg pratqhpvnmk nk eiumr me i

tapirivnmk me dmhhardnij ikf nkuatvhakv bikcnkg ,kirrmwbikcnkg.+

,nn. Vla t~tvah mqglv vm ba dmhpralaktnua* nk vla takta vliv prqfakvnij

ragqjivnmk ikf dmkvrmj ira a|vakfaf vm ijj hiomr pirvndnpikvt nk vla

enkikdnij t~tvah ,hndrm(prqfakvnij ragqjivnmk.* wlnja t~tvahnd rntct ira

mbtaruaf ikf idvaf qpmk ,hidrm(prqfakvnij ragqjivnmk.+

Dmhpralaktnuakatt rayqnrat vliv enkikdnij nktvnvqvnmkt ba bikkaf ermh

mparivnkg nk ragqjivnmk(ikf jiw(eraa meetlmra enkikdnij dakvart+

,nnn. Vla t~tvah mqglv vm ba fneearakvnivaf vm iddmqkv emr vla fneearakdat nk

vla rmjat ikf jnibnjnv~ tvrqdvqrat me enkikdnij nktvnvqvnmkt+ Vla

lmhmgaknzivnmk me hircav pirvndnpikvt rafqdat vla ratnjnakda me vlaenkikdnij t~tvah ,Lajjwng 200


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dmhprmhnta ikf vm ba pmmrj~ akemrdaibja+

,b. Vla lmha(dmqkvr~ prnkdnpja ,wlndl ratvrndvt vla tqparuntnmk me

bikct vm vlanr lmha dmqkvr~ ikf ijjmwt km iffnvnmkij tqparuntnmk

b~ iqvlmrnvnat me mvlar dmqkvrnat nk wlndl vla~ ira idvnua. kaaft vm

ba rauntaf+ Vlnt prnkdnpja nt mka me vla raitmkt wl~ vmfi~t bng

prnuiva bikct iragjmbij nk jnea bqv kivnmkij nk faivl,Haru~k

Cnkg* gmuarkmr* Bikc me Akgjikf.* wnvl vla bqrfakt me vlanr einjqra

eijjnkg mkvm vla dmqkvrnat wlara vla~ lippak vm ratnfa+

,un. Vla t~tvah tlmqjf ijjmw emr dipnvij dmkvrmjt* n+a+* jnhnvt mk dipnvij

iddmqkv vriktidvnmk+ It Oigfntl Bligwivn lit irgqaf rapaivafj~* vla

jnbarijnzivnmk me nkvarkivnmkij dipnvij hmuahakvt lit kmv prmfqdaf vla

prmhntaf bakaenvt* ikf nk eidv uar~ hqdl vla dmkvrir~+ Nk pirvndqjir*fauajmpnkg dmqkvrnat liua vm ba ibja vm prmvadv vlahtajuat ermh

enkikdnij vqrbqjakdat mrngnkivnkg ajtawlara ,Lajjankar 200>* 7.+

,unn. Vlara nt i kaaf vm rafqda vla prattqra vm iddqhqjiva rataruat emr eqvqra

drntat ,mka me vla raitmkt emr vla pratakv hidrmadmkmhnd fntayqnjnbrni

ikf* mbunmqtj~* ik inh nhpmttnbja emr ijj dmqkvrnat vm raijnza.+

Vlaraemra nv nt tqggatvaf vliv

,i. twip igraahakvt ihmkg dakvrij bikct ira a|vakfaf* ikf

,b. tpadnij friwnkg rnglv ,TFR.(v~pa drafnv eidnjnvnat ira draivaf iv vla

dakvrij jauaj ,a+g+* NHE. ikf ragnmkij jauaj ,a+g+* ik Itnik ragnmkijhmkavir~ eqkf.+

Mka me vla a|padvaf bakaenvt ermh ragnhat me eja|nbja a|dlikga rivat wit vliv

vla prattqra me iddqhqjivnkg rataruat me vla Bravvmk Wmmft t~tvah wmqjf ba

ajnhnkivaf+ Kmwifi~t wa ckmw lmw wrmkg vlnt a|padvivnmk wit* ikf wa ijtm

ckmw vliv t~tvaht me eja|nbja a|dlikga rivat ikf qkratvrndvaf hmuahakvt nk vla

dipnvij iddmqkv ira kmv dmhpivnbja+

f+ Dliridvarntvndt

,n. Vriktpirakd~+

,nn. Kmbmf~ ckaw ibmqv vla t~tvahnd rntc ermh dmkfqnvt ikf TNUt baemra

Oqj~ 2007 badiqta vlata* it wajj it lafga eqkft* fnf kmv liua vm

prmunfa nkemrhivnmk ibmqv vlanr pmtnvnmkt+

,nnn. Tnhpjndnv~+ Vla emjjmwnkg haitqrat wnjj ba bakaendnij vm vla

qkfartvikfnkg me vla pqbjnd* omqrkijntvt* ikf pmjnvndnikt me wliv nt

gmnkg mk nk enkikdnij hircavt?

,i. Qkbqkfjnkg me qknuartij bikct3 tapirivnkg dmhhardnij ermhnkuatvhakv bikcnkg ikf ratvrndvnkgditnkm bikcnkgvm pmvakvnij

bakaenvt emr vla raij admkmh~+ Kmv jaitv* tqdl i tapirivnmk dik ba

a|padvaf vm tngknendikvj~ rafqda hivqrnv~ prmbjaht+

,b. I gakarij praearakda emr kivnmkij enkikdnij nkvarhafnirnat* it

Warkar Cihppavar

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prqfakvnij ragqjivnmk ikf tqparuntnmk dik ba a|vrahaj~

dmhpjndivaf wlak vla~ eijj qkfar uirnmqt oqrntfndvnmkt+ Vla

hittnua nkoadvnmk me gmuarkhakv eqkft nk ik~ dita lit

fagjmbijnzafenkikda ,Wmje 200>.+

,d. Prmlnbnvnmk me ijj mee(bijikda(tlaav idvnunvnat+

,f. Jnhnvnkg vla nttqikda me dmhpja|* dqtvmhnzaf* mevak kmkvrifibja

nktvrqhakvt ,Aivwajj 200>.+

,nu. Jnhnvt mk tnza ikf hircav tlirat me enkikdnij nkvarhafnirnat vlrmqgl

dmhpavnvnmk ikf ifhnkntvrivnua prmdafqrat* jatv vlata nkvarhafnirnat

gink pmjnvndij pmwar ikf nkejqakda* ikf badmha vmm bng vm einj+

,u. Vica prmpar iddmqkv me t~tvahnd nkvarfapakfakdat ikf rntct ,Lajjwng

200.+,un. Nhpjahakv ikvnd~djndij ragqjivnmk* a+g+* enkikdnij nktvnvqvnmkt tlmqjf

rinta dipnvij rataruat nk gmmf vnhat ikf qta vlah it i dqtlnmk nk bif

vnhat+

a+ Tpadnend haitqrat

,n. Mbjnga rivnkg igakdnat vm fnuatv ermh dmktqjvnkg bqtnkatt ,ne kmv draiva

pqbjnd bmfnat nktvaif.+

,nn. Fm kmv ijjmw lnglar tvigat me tadqrnvnzivnmk ,tqdl it HBT DFMt*HBT DFM2t.+

,nnn. Jnhnv vmvij jauariga me enkikdnij enrht+

,nu. Fauajmp dmhpralaktnua ikf prmparj~ dmkdapvqijnzaf hmfajt me prnuiva

ikf pqbjnd rntc* vicnkg iddmqkv me vla dmrrajivnmk me rntct bavwaak

hircavt ikf hircav pirvndnpikvt+

,u. Fauajmp rmbqtv ikf tnhpja prmdafqrat emr qkwnkfnkg pmtnvnmkt wlak i

enkikdnij nktvnvqvnmk badmhat nktmjuakv ,Lajjwng 200


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admkmhndt* ikf afqdivnmk+

Wa fm kmv mkj~ eida vla dlijjakgat me vla pratakv enkikdnij ikf admkmhnd drntnt*

wlndl nk vla eida me vla ,hmhakvir~=. taje(fatvrqdvnmk me kamjnbarijnth lit

batvmwaf qpmk qt vlatviva tmdnijnth emr vla rndl ikf vla kamjnbarijnth emr vla

pmmr,Badc 200>.+

Vla hqdl hmra fneendqjv dlijjakgat ira vla mkat me vla fatvrqdvnmk me mqr mwk

libnviv ikf vlmta me hmtv mvlar jnunkg bankgt3 vla a|dattnua dmktqhpvnmk jauajt me

tmha 91!(20! me vla wmrjft pmpqjivnmk3 vla a|ntvakda me tqrpjqt jibmr vliv

dipnvijnth ikf vla hircav admkmh~ gakarivat mr dikkmv ibtmrb* ijmkg wnvl vla

akmrhmqt jauajt me nkayqijnv~ ikf nhpmuarntlhakv bmvl kivnmkijj~ ikfnkvarkivnmkijj~3 vla tdikfijmqt hntijjmdivnmk me ratmqrdat vlrmqgl hnjnvir~

a|pakfnvqra ikf vla cnjjnkg enajft vliv emjjmw nk vlanr wica3 vla rntnkg kqhbar me

einjaf tvivat3 lngl pmpqjivnmk grmwvl nk vla pmmrar dmqkvrnat ikf vla dlijjakgat me

tlrnkcnkg pmpqjivnmkt ikf igankg nk vla hmra ifuikdaf mkat3 ikf vla wnfatpraif

fntakdlikvhakv wnvl pmjnvndt ikf vla fadjnknkg jagnvnhid~ me fahmdrivnd

gmuarkhakv* it wajj it vla jidc me dmkenfakda nk mqr admkmhnd ikf pmjnvndij ajnvat

ikf vlanr gmuarkikda+ Pmvakvnijj~* dmuaraf mkj~ b~ i vlnk uakaar me drntnt

hikigahakv* dipnvijnth ikf pmjnvndt tqeear i tauara drntnt me jagnvnhid~+

Nv nt a|vrahaj~ fneendqjv vm haav vlata dlijjakgat+ Nv nt yqnva djair vliv dipnvijnth

ikf vla hircav admkmh~ dikkmv ba i pikidai emr iktwarnkg ik~ me vlah+ Nv nt

hmra me i diqta vlik i dqra* it dipnvijntv hmfarknzivnmk dmkvrnbqvaf hnglvnj~ vm

vla pivlmjmgnat wa mbtarua vmfi~ ,Libarhit 200+ Vla drntnt dik lajp vriktemrh Aqrmpa+ Gqirfnik Waacj~+ 97 Iprnj+

fa Griqwa* P+ 200+ Ra(Faenknkg vla Gjmbij Admkmh~+ Iprnj+

Admkmhntv+ Rabqnjfnkg vla Bikct+ Tpadnij rapmrv+ 95 Hi~ 200>+

Grneenvl(Omkat* T+ 200>+ Lmw Vm Draiva Bavvar Enkikdnij Ragqjivnmk ikf

Nktvnvqvnmkt+ Brnaenkg pipar+ Eranfrndl Abarv Emqkfivnmk+

Libarhit* O+ 200+ Enkikda* einjqra ikf einrkatt+ JTA Higiznka+

Tqhhar? 96(95+

Lajjankar* A+ 200>+ Drntnt ikf Ratpmkta+ Enua Ragqjivmr~ Igakfit nk Tairdl me ik

Mqvdmha+ Nk NPG+ Ernafrndl Abarv Emqkfivnmk+ 9-200>+

Warkar Cihppavar

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Lajjwng* H+ 2000+ Cipnvij( qkf fauntakhircva ijt lariqtemrfarqkg far

wnrvtdlievtpmjnvnc SDipnvij ikf emrangk a|dlikga hircavt it i dlijjakga emr

admkmhnd pmjnd~X+ Erikceqrv?

]]]]+ 9>>2+ Umh* mbtmjavakzqh ifiyqivakhircvwnrvtdlievjndlak Fakcak*

Bangawqh* Lg+* Hirbqrg+

Ca~kat* O+H+ ,9>64. 9>+ Enkikdnij gink ikf admkmhnd pink+ Cmrai Larijf+ Oqka 9>+

Tdlqjhantvar* T+ 9>+ Tmdnijnzivnmk me jmttat* prnuivnzivnmk me prmenvt nk vla QT+

Enkikdnij Vnhat+ Oqka 99+Twaaka~* O+ 200>+ Vijcnkg Pmnkvt+ MADF Dmqkdnj iv Hnkntvarnij Jauaj+ 26 Oqka+

Wmje* H+ 200>i+ Vlnt drntnt nt i hmhakv* bqv hi~ kmv ba i faenknkg mka+ Enkikdnij

Vnhat+ 9> Hi~+

]]]]+ 200>b+ Raemrh me ragqjivnmk lit vm tvirv b~ ijvarnkg nkdakvnuat+ Enkikdnij

Vnhat+ 26 Hi~+


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Rmqkfvibja Fntdqttnmk ?

Hmfarivmr? Rndlirf K+ DmmparPikajntvt? Eik La

Tlnkon Vicign

Famc(R~mkg ^mmk

Cwiklm Tlnk

Via(Ommk Cnh

Wmmtnc Hmmk

Oqkg Tnc Cnh

Tlnk(ndln Eqcqfi

Dlijmkgplmb TqttikgcirkAnon Mgiwi

Warkar Cihppavar

Rndlirf K+ Tattnmk mka nt ibmqv vla enkikdnij drntnt ikf wliv diha mqv me vla G(20

haavnkg+

Wa wnjj nkunva aidl tpaicar vm tpaic emr 1 hnkqvat* ikf vlak wajj qta

vla rahinknkg vnha emr fntdqttnmk+

Eik La H~ vmpnd nt? Iharndit Drntnt ikf Svla Pampjat Rapqbjnd meX Dlnkit

prmbjah+

Vla Qknvaf Tvivat ,QT. enrtv tinf vliv vla fmjjir nt mqr dqrrakd~ bqv

~mqr prmbjah* ikf nv nt vrqa vlnt vnha+ Wliv wa tiw nt i drntnt nk vla

QT* bqv vla nhpidv nk vla Pampjat Rapqbjnd me Dlnki ,PRD. nt tm

tngknendikv vliv nv emrdaf vla PRD vm hica tmha uar~ pinkeqj

ifoqtvhakvt+ Baemra vla Iharndik enkikdnij drntnt* i jmv me pmjnd~

hicart nk vla PRD bajnauaf nk vla tm(dijjaf fadmqpjnkg vlamr~* wlndldjinhaf vliv* auak ne vla QT admkmh~ tjmwt fmwk* vla PRD dmqjf tvnjj

hinkvink yqnva rmbqtv admkmhnd grmwvl+ Lmwauar* wlak vla Iharndik

drntnt lippakaf* nvt nhpidv mk vla admkmh~ me vla PRD wit yqnva

tngknendikv+ Wa wnvkattaf i tlirp fadjnka nk vla 6vl yqirvar jitv ~air

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Ievar vla enkikdnij drntnt vla Gmuarkhakv me vla PRD ikkmqkdaf i

DK^6 vrnjjnmk tvnhqjqt pidciga* tm wa ira ijraif~ taankg yqndc

radmuar~ emr vla PRD admkmh~+ N vlnkc vla enrtv plita me vlnt radmuar~

nt vla raifoqtvhakv nk vla hircav emr muartlmmv nk vla jitv yqirvar* ikf

vlak radmuar~ tvirvaf ermh vla tadmkf yqirvar badiqta vla tvnhqjqt

pidciga tvirvaf vm vica aeeadv+ Tm vlnkgt ira gmmf tm eir bqv* it N

hakvnmkaf ~atvarfi~* wa tvnjj eida tmha pmvakvnij rntc ermh jmdij

gmuarkhakv entdij prattqra* vla ihmqkv me jmikt nk dmhhardnij bikct*

ikf vla rntnkg qkahpjm~hakv riva* vmgavlar wnvl tvnjj tjqggntl a|varkij

fahikf+ Tm vlata rahink pmvakvnij fikgart nk vla PRD+

Vla hmra nhpmrvikv vitc emr vla PRD nt taacnkg i hmra bijikdaffauajmphakv tvrivag~+ Nk vla nkvarkivnmkij enkikdnij t~tvah* vla PRD

lit badmha uar~ nkvaratvaf nk vicnkg pirv nk fneearakv jauajt me raemrh

me vla t~tvah+ Mka hqjvnjivarij raemrh hi~ ba raemrh me vla

Nkvarkivnmkij Hmkavir~ Eqkf ,NHE.* ikf ijtm nkdraitnkg vla qta me vla

tpadnij friwnkg rnglv ,TFR.+ N vlnkc vla bidcgrmqkf me vla tpaadl b~

Gmuarkmr _lmq nt kmv vm rapjida vla QT fmjjir wnvl vla TFR+ Nktvaif*

vla raij pqrpmta emr vla PRD nt vliv wa wikv vm taa hmra fntdnpjnka nk

vla QT fmjjir+ Wa wnjj ijtm vica pirv nk vla ragnmkij raemrh* nk vla

Dlnikg Hin Nknvnivnua* ratarua pmmjnkg* ikf ijtm rakhnkbnnkvarkivnmkijnzivnmk+ Ijvlmqgl wa ira iv i uar~ airj~ tviga* it ~mq dik

taa ermh h~ tjnfa* vlara nt ijraif~ tmha meendnij ikf prnuiva qta me vla

rakhnkbn+

Vla enkij rahirc nt mk vla PRD ikf vla Grmqp me 20 ,G(20. dmqkvrnat+

Vla PRD fmatkv tlira ik~ nkvaratv nk vla G(7 mr G(< badiqta wa fmk

v wikv vm badmha i hahbar me vla rndl djqb+ Mk vla mvlar likf* wa ira

uar~ idvnua nk pirvndnpivnkg nk ijj G(20 haavnkgt+ N vlnkc vla G(20 nt i

gmmf pjida emr dmktaktqt bqnjfnkg* bqv badiqta nv lit tm hik~hahbart nv hi~ ba ik qktqddatteqj hadliknth emr dmjjadvnua idvnmk+

H~ tqggatvnmk emr vla eqvqra nt vliv wa dmqjf a|pikf vla nkemrhij

kavwmrc emr jmwar(jauaj gmuarkhakv meendnijt tqdl it fapqvnat mr auak

gakarijt* tnkda vla~ ira fmnkg vla raij wmrc+ Ikmvlar prmpmtij nt vliv

wa dmqjf enkf i kaw pjivemrh emr hiomr fauajmpnkg dmqkvrnat tm vliv

vla~ dik tlira vlanr unawt ikf a|dlikga vlanr mpnknmkt baemra gmnkg vm

vla nkvarkivnmkij iraki+

Tlnkon N wnjj dmkdakvriva mk emqr pmnkvt? vla G(20* NHE jakfnkg raemrh*

tqruanjjikda raemrh* ikf gmuarkhakv raemrh+

Tpaicnkg me vla G(20* nv nt uar~ djair vliv vla G(7 mr G(< km jmkgar

Vla gjmbij enkikdnij drntnt ikf vla rmja me vla G(20

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raejadv vla raijnv~ me vla raij admkmh~+ N ih kmv dmkunkdaf vliv mkda vla

dmlatnmk vliv nt ippirakv nk vla dqrrakv drntnt fntippairt* vla G(20 wnjj

kmv jitv emr i jmkg vnha* badiqta emr vlata nkemrhij nkvargmuarkhakv

grmqpt vm ba aeeadvnua* ~mq liua vm haav vwm dmkfnvnmkt? Mka*

hahbartlnp lit vm ba thijj3 ikf vwm* hahbartlnp lit vm ba

lmhmgakamqt+ Vla G(20 haavt kanvlar me vlata drnvarni+ H~ gqatt nt

vliv* mkda vla drntnt nt muar* vlara wnjj ba tauarij fneearakv grmqpt emr

fneearakv nttqattmha G(96* tmha G(92* ikf tm mkbqv N vlnkc vliv

fneearakv grmqpt wnjj aharga mk fneearakv nttqat vliv haav vla vwm

drnvarni me thijj hahbartlnp ikf lmhmgakanv~+

Wnvl ratpadv vm NHE raemrh* vlara ira vlraa itpadvt vm vlnt+ Mka ntjakfnkg raemrh+ N fmkv ckmw lmw hik~ me ~mq ira iwira bqv ibmqv i

hmkvl igm vla NHE ibmjntlaf dmkfnvnmkijnv~+ NHE prmgriht vlaraemra

km jmkgar liua vla dmkfnvnmkijnv~ vliv wa qtaf vm ittmdniva wnvl vlah+

Wlnja vla hikignkg fnradvmr irgqat vliv nv wit kadattir~ vm rahmua vla

tvnghi ivvidlaf vm NHE bmrrmwnkg* vla yqatvnmk wa liua vm rinta nt

wlavlar vlnt nt i gmmf vlnkg+ Mka irgqhakv nt vliv nv nt i gmmf vlnkg

badiqta dmqkvrnat kaaf vm bmrrmw ermh vla eqkf fqa vm vla dmkvignmk

ermh vla gjmbij drntnt ikf kmv badiqta me prmbjaht me vlanr mwk+ Ijtm*

vla jakfar me jitv ratmrv nt kaafaf emr drntat me vlnt kivqra* ikf emrwlndl dmkfnvnmkijnv~ tlmqjf kmv ba ivvidlaf+ Mk vla mvlar tnfa*

lmwauar* vlara nt ik irgqhakv vliv vlnt hi~ jaif vm graivar lizirf mk

vla pirv me nkvarkivnmkij nkuatvmrt ikf gmuarkhakvt+

H~ vlnrf pmnkv nt ragirfnkg tqruanjjikda raemrh+ Aidl vnha vlara nt i

drntnt vlara nt i dijj emr tqruanjjikda raemrh+ Vla NHE lit baak fmnkg

vlnt auar tnkda vla Ha|ndik drntnt nk 9>>6+ Wliv ajta nt vm ba fmka= N

vlnkc nv nt ait~ vm ti~ vliv tqruanjjikda tlmqjf ba tvrakgvlakaf* bqv vla

yqatvnmk nt lmw+ H~ d~kndij unaw nt vliv pampja iv vla NHE ckmw vlivvlara nt hqdl vm ba fmka bqv vla~ gm ijmkg wnvl vla drnvndnth badiqta nv

nt jncaj~ vliv vla uar~ pampja wlm drnvndnza wnjj ba vla mkat vm gnua hmra

eqkfnkg ikf hmra ratmqrdat+ Vlaraemra* vm ba drnvndnzaf nk vla NHE nt i

gmmf vlnkg+ Oqtv 5 hmkvlt igm vla NHE wit dmktnfaraf vm ba nrrajauikv*

ikf kmw nv nt rajauikv akmqgl vm ba drnvndnzaf+

H~ enkij pmnkv nt mk gmuarkikda raemrh+ N lippakaf vm untnv

Witlnkgvmk* FD iv vla vnha me vla tprnkg haavnkg+ Nk vijcnkg vm i

kqhbar me pampja nk Witlnkgvmk N fntdmuaraf vm h~ tqrprnta vliv*fatpnva wliv wit hakvnmkaf nk vla G(20 tqhhnv* NHE raemrh wit kmv

mk vla igakfi me vla Nkvarkivnmkij Hmkavir~ ikf Enkikdnij Dmhhnvvaa

haavnkg+ Nv nt nkdrafnbja vliv vla wmrjf nt vijcnkg ibmqv NHE raemrh bqv

vla NHE nt kmv vijcnkg ibmqv NHE raemrh+ Vla raitmk emr vlnt nt vliv


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vlara ira dmqkvrnat vliv wnjj jmta ne vlara nt NHE raemrh ikf vlata

dmqkvrnat dmkvrmj vla igakfi me vla NHE+ Tm* ne wa vlnkc vliv NHE

raemrh nt kadattir~* wa liua vm raijj~ pqtl emr nv

oqtv badiqta vla G(

20 tinf tm fmatkv haik vliv nv nt gmnkg vm lippak+

Famc(R~mkg Wa liua vlraa nttqat vm fntdqtt nk vla enrtv tattnmk* bqv N wnjj tcnp vla

enrtv nttqa fqa vm vnha jnhnvt ikf gm fnradvj~ vm vla tadmkf nttqa? vla

hink idlnauahakvt ikf vla jnhnvivnmkt me vla G(20 tqhhnv nk Jmkfmk*

ikf vla prmtpadvt me vla G(20 tqhhnv+

Vla hink idlnauahakv me vla G(20 haavnkg nk Jmkfmk dik ba emqkf

enrtvj~ ermh vla meendnij dmhhqknv~+ Vla hink ratqjvt me vla haavnkgdik ba djittnenaf nkvm enua divagmrnat? hidrmadmkmhnd dmmrfnkivnmk vm

muardmha vla admkmhnd drntnt3 tvrakgvlaknkg enkikdnij tqparuntnmk ikf

ragqjivnmk3 raemrhnkg nkvarkivnmkij enkikdnij nktvnvqvnmkt3 raoadvnkg

prmvadvnmknth3 ikf bqnjfnkg ik nkdjqtnua* graak* ikf tqtvinkibja

radmuar~+

Jav ha hica tmha rahirct mk vla hink idlnauahakvt+ Liunkg nk hnkf

vla igraahakvt* wa dik vr~ vm auijqiva vla G(20 haavnkg+ N vlnkc vla

enrtv dmkvrnbqvnmk me vla G(20 haavnkg wit vla dmkvrnbqvnmk vmmuardmha vla dqrrakv admkmhnd drntnt ikf tvibnjnza vla hircav+ Fnradvj~

ievar vla Jmkfmk tqhhnv* vla tvmdc hircav nk ijj dmqkvrnat irmqkf vla

wmrjf tlmwaf pmtnvnua ratpmktat wnvl bng prnda nkdraitat+ Vla G(20

ijtm nkvrmfqdaf kadattir~ nktvnvqvnmkt tqdl it vla Enkikdnij Tvibnjnv~

Bmirf* ikf raemrh haitqrat kaafaf emr vla NHE* Wmrjf Bikc* ikf

mvlar nktvnvqvnmkt emr attakvnij eqkdvnmkt me enkikdnij hircavt vm radmuar+

Vla G(20 haavnkg fahmktvrivaf vla ibnjnv~ vm wmrc vmgavlar vm tmjua

gjmbij prmbjaht* auak vlmqgl vlara wara hik~ fmqbvt baemra vla

haavnkg+ Vla G(20 ijtm tlmwaf vlara wit vla ibnjnv~ vm hikigapmvakvnij dmkejndv bavwaak ahargnkg admkmhnat ikf fauajmpaf

dmqkvrnat* it wajj it ragnmkij nkvaratvt+ Vlara wara dmkejndvt me nkvaratv

ikf dmkermkvivnmkt* it vla G(20 dmktvnvqvaf i grmqp rapratakvnkg muar


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gjmbij nhbijikda ikf ik nkvarkivnmkij ikdlmr dqrrakd~+ Emr nktvikda*

~mq liua prmbibj~ raif vla irvndja b~ Hirvnk Wmje nk vla Enkikdnij

Vnhat+ La lit fntdmqkvaf vla dmkvrnbqvnmk me vla G(20 haavnkg badiqta

nv fntragirfaf vla hink diqta me vlnt enkikdnij drntnt* wlndl nt vla gjmbij

nhbijikda* auak vlmqgl Prmeattmr Dmmpar lit i fneearakv nfai+ Vla G(

20 dmqjf kmv ivvahpv vm faij wnvl vla nttqat rayqnrnkg jmkg(varh

akgigahakv* tqdl it vla nfai me i wmrjf enkikdnij mrgiknzivnmk* hifa

b~ Andlakgraak+ Vla G(20 fnf kmv liua akmqgl vnha vm faij wnvl

eqkfihakvij nttqat badiqta me vla wmrjf prattqra vm tmjua vla dqrrakv

ikf qrgakv admkmhnd drntnt+ Vla G(20 fnf kmv liua tqppmrvnkg igakdnat

ikf jidcaf jagij ikf nktvnvqvnmkij jagnvnhid~+ Badiqta me ijj vlnt* vla G(

20 eqkdvnmkaf haraj~ it ik if lmd akvnv~ emr drntnt hikigahakv+Kmbmf~ ckmwt ne vlara wnjj ba i ka|v G(20 tqhhnv mr kmv* ikf nt

fadnfaf nk vla haavnkgt+ Nk tlmrv* vla G(20 haavnkg nk Jmkfmk mkj~

pinf ivvakvnmk vm tlmrv(varh nttqat+

Ragirfnkg vla prmtpadvt me vla G(20* vlara lit baak i kaaf emr i kaw

nkvarkivnmkij nktvnvqvnmk wlndl dik jaif nkvarkivnmkij dmmrfnkivnmk+ Ne

~mq jmmc iv vla pqbjndivnmkt ermh vla Brmmcnkgt Nktvnvqvnmk* vlara ira

hik~ irgqhakvt emr i kaw nkvarkivnmkij nktvnvqvnmk* ikf vla

rayqnrahakv emr vla kaw nktvnvqvnmk nt vliv nv tlmqjf ba aeendnakv*dipibja* ikf jagnvnhiva+ Lmwauar* ne wa jmmc iv vla G(20* vla grmqp lit

einjaf vm haav vlata dmkfnvnmkt tm eir badiqta vla jaifart iumnfaf

taktnvnua nttqat+ Vla G(20 dik rahink it vla kaw nkvarkivnmkij

gmuarkikda erihawmrc it jmkg it vla jaifart enkf qrgakv nttqat

rayqnrnkg gjmbij dmmrfnkivnmk* bqv vla G(20 wnjj mkj~ ba ibja vm vidcja

eqkfihakvij ikf jmkg(varh nttqat ievar nvt nktvnvqvnmkijnzivnmk+ Vla

jaifart hi~ kaaf i eaw hmra haavnkgt vm dmkenrh vla qtaeqjkatt me vla

G(20+

N vlnkc vlara nt km igraaf Itnik pmtnvnmk ~av+ Itnik dmqkvrnat liua hmra

nkejqakda it wajj it ratpmktnbnjnv~ nk nkvarkivnmkij tmdnav~ vlrmqgl vla

G(20+ Itnik dmqkvrnat wnjj gav hmra umnda vm raejadv Itnit nkvaratv

ikf* wnvl vla gnuak mppmrvqknv~* wa ira jncaj~ vm ba ibja vm bqnjf i

ragnmkij pmtnvnmk nk vla eqvqra+

Itnik dmqkvrnat ira nk eiumr me tvrakgvlaknkg tqruanjjikda ikf

ragqjivnmk me vla enkikdnij hircav badiqta wa tqeearaf admkmhnd

fihiga ermh vla enkikdnij drntnt* ikf Itnik admkmhnat liua enkikdatadvmrt vliv ira rajivnuaj~ qkfauajmpaf+ It Itnik dmqkvrnat liua fnradv

rajivnmkt vm vla gjmbij nhbijikda* wa liua i caak nkvaratv nk enkfnkg i

tmjqvnmk* ikf vlnt wnjj ba ik nhpmrvikv nttqa nk vla eqvqra emr vla G(20+

Wnvl ragirf vm NHE raemrh* it Prmeattmr Ciwin ijraif~ hakvnmkaf* wa


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wajdmha vlnt raemrh bqv wa vlnkc vliv nv nt kmv akmqgl vm raejadv vla

ragnmkij nkvaratv me Itni+ N vlnkc vla NHE raemrh tlmqjf gm mk+

Cwiklm Nk vlnt pratakvivnmk* nktvaif me iffrattnkg tpadnend nttqat me vla G(20

haavnkg* Njj oqtv emdqt mk vla Rapqbjnd me Cmrait ,lakdaemrvl Cmrai.

partpadvnua mk vlnt dqrrakv drntnt ikf tmha nhpjndivnmkt emr

nkvarkivnmkij enkikdnij irdlnvadvqra+

Wliv nt vla qknyqa eaivqra me vla dqrrakv drntnt= Enrtv me ijj* vla drntnt

mrngnkivaf ermh vla QT* ikf badiqta me vla tnza ikf vla tvivqt me vla

QT* vlnt drntnt lit yqndcj~ badiha i gjmbij prmbjah* atpadnijj~ i gjmbij

jnyqnfnv~ prmbjah+ Vlara wara lqga dipnvij mqvejmwt ermh Cmrai ikf nvnt tvnjj pqzzjnkg it vm wl~ vlnt lippakt* bqv vlara wit i tqbtayqakv

tlirp tjmwfmwk nk gjmbij vrifa+ Vlnt wit atpadnijj~ pinkeqj emr Cmrai*

it nv nt mka me vla dmqkvrnat vliv laiunj~ rajnat mk a|varkij fahikf+

Vlara nt kmvlnkg Cmrai dik fm vm prauakv vlnt cnkf me drntnt3 vla hmtv nv

dik fm nt hnknhnza dipnvij mqvejmwt+ Vla raijnv~ nt vliv wa idvqijj~

tqeearaf ermh lqga dipnvij mqvejmwt+ Wl~ fnf vlnt lippak= Vlara wara

vlraa hiomr prmbjaht pmnkvaf mqv* ikf badiqta me vlata prmbjaht*

Cmrai jmmcaf tqtpndnmqt nk vla a~at me emrangk nkuatvmrt+ Enrtv me ijj*

vla dqrrakv iddmqkv tlmwaf i faendnv me &

the global financial crisis, future of the dollar, and the choice for asia

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